Installation of modern radiators transition to gas heating. Turnkey gas heating. Electric heating of the apartment

When designing a country cottage, several engineering systems are laid down to provide the owners with the benefits of civilization. The question that worries everyone is the comfort in their own home, which is difficult to imagine without a stable operation of the heating system.

In urban conditions, heating of a dwelling is carried out in two ways, using central or autonomous (local) heating. For the vast majority of owners of suburban areas, only the second option is available, and all they need to do is choose the best method for heating their homes. Heating can be carried out in different ways, the most common of which is gas heating of a private house.

Gas boilers are easy to operate and maintain

Features of water heating: system requirements

The dominance of water heating in the private sector is explained by its advantages:

• System reliability. The process is ideally simple and debugged: the water heated from the boiler circulates in pipes in a closed circuit, gives off heat and returns back.
• Heat capacity (and heat transfer) of water. It is sufficient to efficiently and evenly heat a residential building. The rest of the coolants (including antifreeze) have the worst performance.
• Cheap. Water is a cheap and environmentally friendly coolant.

• Expensive installation pipeline.
• Constant flow funds for heating the system (and where is it not constant?).
• thermal inertia. The effect after turning on the water heating is not immediately felt (compared to air heating).
• Care. It is necessary to monitor the condition of the system: metal elements are subject to corrosion, heating radiators must be kept clean (dust reduces heat transfer).
• Features of functioning. Turning off the heating for the winter can lead to an accident (water will freeze and burst pipes). Summer cottage owners should consider replacing the water with antifreeze (or replacing the system).

If water flows from the tap, the system is not airy

Before the water runs through the pipes, giving off heat and uplifting, it must be heated. The heating method (type of heating) is selected based on several criteria:

• Availability of fuel (its price and the possibility of uninterrupted supply).
• The cost of installing the system (the cost of labor, equipment and materials).
• Maintenance and repair costs.

System Components

Before the start of work, a draft of the future heating system is drawn up. The heating scheme of a private house with a gas boiler takes into account the size and location of the building, on the basis of which the components are selected:

1. Heat generator

The type of heating system is determined by the selected fuel. Depending on the fuel used, there are:

• Gas boilers. Gas can be obtained centrally or create your own storage.
• Diesel.

Economical and reliable way of heating - gas boiler

• On solid fuel. The raw material is coal, firewood, peat, fuel briquettes or pellets (wood fuel pellets).
• Electrical. Electrolysis (electrode), induction devices, as well as boilers on heating elements are used.
• Combined. Popular options are combinations of gas with solid or liquid fuels.
• Universal. The design has several fireboxes for different types of fuel.

2. Pipes

Installation of gas heating in a private house involves the use of several types of pipes:

• Steel. There are ordinary and galvanized products that are connected both by welded and mechanical (threaded) method. Can cause an accident (rupture) if water is allowed to freeze.
• Polymer(plastic). They are not subject to corrosion, are silent, tolerate frost without problems. The pipes have a significant coefficient of thermal expansion and do not cope well with high temperatures (only metal pipes are suitable for arranging the chimney and piping the boiler).

Copper pipes in the distribution of heating a private house with a gas boiler

• Metal-plastic. Composite (multilayer) products, reliable and durable. Installation is carried out using fittings.
• Copper. They are not afraid of freezing because of their plasticity, they have high thermal conductivity (higher than that of steel products). Copper pipes are subject to electrochemical corrosion and are also expensive.

3. Expansion tank

Water has a significant thermal expansion (when heated to 90°C, its volume increases by 4%). If in an open (not sealed) system this is not critical, then in a closed (with forced circulation) it is fraught with equipment damage. In order not to spoil the system and compensate for the pressure in the pipes, an expansion tank (hydraulic accumulator) is built into it.

The expansion tank is a sealed steel (sometimes stainless) cylinder, consisting of two compartments. A flexible membrane is built between the compartments, separating the hot coolant and the pressurized gas.

Expansion tank action algorithm

4. Radiators

Manufacturers produce batteries for different heating systems; they differ in the material of manufacture (cast iron, steel, aluminum, bimetallic radiators) and in the number of sections. There are several types of heating radiators:

• Sectional. Old cast iron radiators and modern tubular steel varieties.
• Panel. All-forged steel, with heating and convection plates, on which the heat output of the radiator depends.
• vertical(towel dryer).
• Convectors.
• Underfloor heating systems.

5. Devices and accessories

The water heating system needs to be monitored. For this are intended:

• manometers;
• control and safety valves (shut-off valves and thermostatic valves).

The pressure gauge on the expansion tank monitors the pressure in the heating system

Gas heating: types of supply

There are two ways to bring gas to the house - centralized and autonomous; The choice depends entirely on the location of the property.

• Main gas. Continuous gas supply is more functional and environmentally friendly, but not without drawbacks. Gas pipes are usually laid underground, which prolongs operation, but is more expensive. The remoteness of the gas pipeline also affects the cost of work; to coordinate the connection, it is necessary to prepare and coordinate a package of documents. The unreasonably long connection times and the high cost of work force us to pay attention to an alternative method of gasification.
• Gas holder. Under the big name is a storage tank for liquefied natural gas. When there is no main gas pipeline nearby, a gas tank will become the exit, the principle of operation resembling a huge lighter and suitable for any type of boiler. Autonomous gas heating of a country house is a frequent occurrence in Europe, where a thrifty owner would not even think of pulling a branch for several kilometers. A well-chosen gas tank (taking into account fuel consumption by the household) is replenished 2-3 times a year.

Gas tank - autonomous gasification

Advantages and disadvantages of gas heating

The use of gas as heating has many advantages:

• Price. Gas heating is beneficial due to the best price-performance ratio compared to other fuels.
• Safety. Thanks to automation, there is no need for constant attention to the process. The work is monitored by sensors, the task of the owners is to adjust the temperature in the house.
• Dimensions. The gas boiler has small dimensions, which allows it to be placed in a small room. A room for storing fuel is not needed (which cannot be said about firewood, coal or diesel fuel).
• Profitability. Modern gas boilers are able to heat large areas; some models (two-circuit) additionally supply hot water.
• Independence. The gas holder allows the household not to depend on utilities.

Economy of gas heating

• Environmental friendliness. Fuel is stored in a gas tank, combustion products go through the chimney (no need to remove the ash, there is no unpleasant smell).

Heating a house with gas has some negative points:

• The installation of boiler equipment operating on natural gas is coordinated with the Gaztekhnadzor service, which is accompanied by the preparation of a project, an agreement and the collection of permits (licenses).
• For the safe operation of the system, a separate room with good ventilation, a separate exit to the street and a chimney is required. You also need automation that monitors gas leaks. Open (atmospheric) burner systems are potentially fire hazards.
• A change in gas pressure in the pipeline can lead to boiler failure. Some models are adapted to such force majeure.
• Some systems require electricity.

Boiler room with an open burner needs a high chimney

Design schemes for heating a country house

Design features allow you to divide the heating wiring diagrams by type:

• Single and double circuit(one- and two-pipe). The scheme depends on the type of boiler; single-circuit is used only for heating, double-circuit is also capable of heating water.
• Passing and dead end. Varieties of two-pipe wiring. In the first case, the movement of the hot and cooled flows occurs in the same direction, and the water turnover time for each radiator (and their heating rate) is the same. The dead-end scheme assumes the oncoming flow of flows; at the same time, radiators located closer to the boiler heat up faster.
• Vertical and horizontal. Conditional division according to the position of pipes (risers) supplying water to radiators. For one-story private houses, a horizontal scheme is used. In dwellings with 2-3 floors, it is used if vertically located tubes do not fit into the design (horizontal ones are easier to hide).

Scheme of radiator heating of a two-story house; horizontal two-pipe wiring

Schematic diagrams of gas heating

Installing gas heating is a profitable solution for a country house. The connection of gas heating systems takes place according to two principal (suitable not only for gas) schemes:

with natural circulation

They are often referred to as gravity or gravity systems; the principle of operation is based on the physical properties of the coolant. Heated water has a lower density than cold water. The reverse pressure of the cooled liquid (passed through the pipes and gave off heat) displaces the hot liquid from the boiler. It rises along the heating riser, filling horizontal pipes and radiators.

Installation of heating boilers in a private house

In order for the system to work efficiently and the water does not stagnate, the installation of heating pipes is carried out with a slope of 3-5 °, and the boiler is installed as low as possible (for example, in the basement). The scheme has obvious advantages:

• Simplicity. During installation, it is necessary to fulfill only one condition - to organize the slope of the pipeline.
• Independence. The scheme with a gas heating boiler does not need electricity.
• Silence. The scheme does not include devices (circulation pumps) that create background noise.
• Practicality. The service life is 25-30 years without major repairs.

There are also disadvantages:

• Contour length limitation. For the system to function effectively, the length of the closed circuit should not exceed 30 m, which is feasible only in small houses.
• Service. Gravity structures are prone to clogging; periodic flushing is required.

Video description

About choosing a heating scheme in the following video:

With forced circulation

The circuit includes water pumps, forcing water to circulate forcibly. The pump circuit does not restrict the use of heating circuits; upper and lower pouring of the coolant, one- and two-pipe scheme are possible. The circulation pump is often installed in front of the boiler and allows you to do without the organization of the slope of the pipeline.

The main condition for a forced circulation circuit is an uninterrupted power supply for the entire heating period. The disadvantage of the system is its airing (usually at the beginning of the heating season).

Comparison of schemes with natural and forced circulation

Combined system

Combines the previous types, with its own characteristics:

• The wiring of metal pipes is mounted with a slope.
• The pump is connected using a bypass pipe (bypass).

If the power grid is intermittent, the heating of the house is due to natural circulation; the pump turns on if you need to quickly warm up the house.

Selection Options

The principle of operation of gas boilers is simple: when gas is burned, energy is released, which is accumulated by water, and then released in residential premises, heating them. There are several criteria that help evaluate the benefits of a particular model of a gas device. In addition to the manufacturer and the price of the device, most of the criteria are interrelated; this makes a comprehensive assessment possible.

When designing gas equipment systems for heating a private house, medium-sized boilers are often located in utility rooms

Power is a key factor in keeping the system running smoothly. When assessing the required power, the area and parameters of housing (ceiling height, number of windows), as well as winter temperatures at the location of the house, are taken into account. For normal operation (long and without breakdowns), the boiler must have a power reserve.

This parameter depends on:

• Place of installation. Specifies the instrument layout type. Wall-mounted (saves space) or floor-mounted (more powerful, reliable and expensive).
• Burner type. Open or closed. The design of the burner determines how the products of combustion are removed (natural draft chimney or forced ventilation).
• contours. The choice of the owners - whether the boiler will only warm the house, or also provide the family with hot water.
• Profitability. It depends on the efficiency of the boiler and for the latest models it is 90-95%.

Controller for heating system maintenance

• Equipment. The programmer (temperature controller) purchased together with the boiler can save 20-25% of heating costs. Operational safety can be improved with the help of additional elements: a flame sensor (if the flame goes out, the gas supply is interrupted automatically), a draft control sensor, a boiler blockage sensor (when the gas is turned off).

To select a suitable device according to the described criteria, you must:

• Determine the required power taking into account the size of the dwelling. On average, a consumption of 1 kW per 10 m2 is taken.
• If you need a double-circuit boiler(not only warm, but also provide hot water), a boiler is selected with a power margin of at least 25%.
• If power outages- a harsh reality, a device with mechanical automation is selected. In combination with natural circulation, you get a practical and reliable, if somewhat old-fashioned, system.
• If there are no electrical problems, a modern unit with electronic automation and forced (by default) circulation is purchased.

Video description

How to choose a gas boiler in the following video:

Purchase of a gas boiler

When buying, you should choose an organization that not only sells boilers and related equipment, but also installs them. This approach allows:

• Get expert advice not only when buying, but also when installing, debugging and operating equipment.
• Be confident in the quality of the boiler and its service (timely delivery of spare parts).
• Be sure that there are no problems with warranty service (which may appear if the installation was carried out by a third-party master).

Professional installation of gas heating - efficient operation of the system

The procedure for arranging a gas heating system in a private house

The procedure can be described as follows:

• Drawing up a project and its approval (when connected to the main line), conclusion of a contract with the installation team.
• Purchase of gas equipment (project requirements do not limit the choice of model).
• Installation of a gas tank or tie-in and connection to a common line.
• Installation and connection of the boiler.
• Trial run, technological checks.

Video description

About the installation of a boiler room with a double-circuit boiler in the following video:

gas fireplace

Many owners of country houses use a gas fireplace as an alternative to gas water heating; they find this method practical - the fireplace decorates the interior and saves money. The fireplace copes with the task if the housing area is small (up to 60 m2); it is mainly used as a source of additional or backup heating.

Gas fireplaces have a lot to offer - economy, convenient regulation and clean combustion

Buyers are offered fireplaces of different sizes, designs and types of installation (there are built-in, wall and island models). Structurally (automatics, burners) they coincide with gas boilers. Fireplaces, unlike the boiler, are located in the living room and directly heat the air; they meet high environmental and fire safety standards.

Gas heating of a private house is a modern way to ensure the comfort of the family; autonomous heating will allow achieving independence from accidents and preventive scheduled repairs of main networks. Particularly convenient are automated systems that monitor fuel economy, change the temperature according to a schedule and control the safety of the process.

The comfort in the house throughout the entire heating season - as much as half a year of life - depends on the method and quality of heating. Available natural gas in this case becomes the best choice for a private house and a country cottage. You can connect your home to gas by joining the main line, or using cylinders. Next, consider the pros and cons of the gas system.

Types of gas heating of a private house

For the organization of home heating, main gas or bottled liquefied gas is used.

1. Main gas. The system is considered more environmentally friendly and functional. This type of heating allows you to build underfloor heating indoors and so on. A significant drawback is the mandatory coordination of papers with official bodies. You will also need to install a boiler room and a chimney. For trunk systems, more stringent fire safety rules are imposed, and regular preventive maintenance is mandatory.
2. Balloon gas. Suitable for any type of boiler, even models originally designed for trunk systems. If you install a balloon system, you will need single-circuit or double-circuit boilers of the appropriate power. Most models are also capable of switching to liquefied gas, it is enough to replace the burner.

Benefits of gas heating

1. High efficiency and low cost of gas make gas heating the most profitable way to heat a private house or a country cottage.
2. Modern gas boilers allow you to heat large objects.
3. The automatic operation of the system ensures that even if the flame goes out, the sensor will work and start the ignition system. As a result, the user does not need to constantly monitor the boiler.
4. Double-circuit gas boilers combine two functions: to heat rooms and supply hot water.

Disadvantages of gas heating

1. It is necessary to install an automatic system for tracking possible leaks. The system depends on the power supply.
2. The atmospheric burner has an open flame. The security of such a device is a controversial issue for some users.
3. The use of a gas boiler is impractical if the area of ​​​​the room is less than 100 square meters. Such an installation is not economically viable and is considered less environmentally friendly.
4. When installing a gas boiler, a chimney is also required to allow exhaust gases to be removed. In this case, the boiler room is installed in a separate room. Another condition is good ventilation and supply of fresh air to the premises, the presence of a separate exit to the street. The latter is obligatory for installations with a gas burner.


5. If the gas pressure drops or the burner is worn out, the efficiency decreases and soot may appear.
6. The model of a gas boiler should be chosen taking into account the characteristics of the climate. Since gas pressure in Russia can “jump” a lot, foreign devices simply cannot withstand the loads. Therefore, the burner of an unadapted installation is able to “burn itself out” when the pressure drops to the limit. Such equipment quickly fails.
7. The need to coordinate the project and installation with the Gaztekhnadzor service. To install a gas system, you will have to obtain permission and invite an inspection officer to sign documents and inspect.

Heating systems come with natural and forced circulation. In the first variant, the coolant circulates due to the difference in the density of hot and cold water. In the second case, the pump provides circulation.

The gas heating scheme in a private house also includes heating wiring, which is divided as follows:

1. Single pipe. It is suitable for do-it-yourself heating equipment, it is considered easier to perform. It is rarely used for private houses due to the temperature difference in the located radiators - in the first and last. The last batteries are colder, as already cooled liquid enters them, which is why the rooms in a large private house will warm up unevenly. This option is only suitable for small houses with a limited number of rooms.


2. Two-pipe, which requires a large number of components and consumables, is suitable for temperature control in individual rooms. The heating of radiators in different rooms can be regulated by means of shut-off valves. The main advantage of this system is batteries are heated evenly in all rooms. However, planning and installation are more complex and costly.

We calculate the gas consumption for heating the house

For autonomous gas heating of a private house, gas consumption is calculated according to the following scheme. To get 1 kW of thermal energy, it is necessary to spend 0.1 m³ of gas per hour. For a room of 200 m², you will need a 20 kW boiler. In this case, the consumption of such a boiler will be 20x0.1 = 2 m³ / hour.

The standard heating season includes approximately two identical intervals: three very cold and three moderately cold months (we will round up to 100 days each). As a result, 100 days the system operates at full capacity and the same number at half load or less. So, the average gas consumption for the cold season will be: 20x0.1x24 = 48 m³, for the next period this figure will drop to 24 m³. As a result, the total consumption for the entire heating period will be (48x100) + (24x100) = 7200 m³. Most often, the final numbers come with a good cape and turn out to be larger.

Design and installation of gas heating

Before proceeding with active actions, a special project is developed for the heating system, taking into account the characteristics of the house. If the installation of a heating system in a private house and minor work can be done independently, then design is the stage at which you should not save. The design will allow you to calculate the characteristics of the equipment, reduce the cost of consumables and materials, calculate the final cost of work and installation. The project includes:

• sketch;
• technical and economic development;
• drawing up wiring diagrams;
• drawing up a working draft.

Step Actions

The procedure is as follows:

1. Drawing up and approval of the project and constituent papers. The gas service gives approval for the installation only after the provision of the boiler house project, a contract with the installation team, it is also required to conclude an agreement on the powers and responsibilities of the parties. Most often, gas workers are responsible for supplying gas, while the design, installation and service is carried out by a service organization.
2. Purchase of gas equipment, components and consumables. Although the project puts forward requirements for equipment, the buyer chooses the price category. Excessive savings can lead to additional expenses or repairs.
3. Insertion into the gas pipeline and connecting the house to a common line.
4. Installation and connection of the boiler to the system.
5. Supplying coolant to the system, performing test runs and checks.

An alternative to gas heating in a private house

Gas stoves for heating a private house are leaders in this sector. Only wood-burning stove heating or electricity-powered equipment can replace such a device.. The first option is forced, most often distributed in rural areas or in areas where there are no gas lines. The second is considered more expensive, electricity bills may well exceed the price of expensive gas equipment.

If you have the opportunity to conduct gas heating in a private house, we recommend choosing this option. The owner of the house installs expensive equipment once and saves a lot by using cheaper gas.

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Popular methods of heating distribution

A fireplace or a stove is very often placed in the modern interior of a private house, but they most likely have a decorative function that emphasizes the individual style of the house, since the main heating burden falls on one or two heating circuit boilers. The principle of operation of a single-circuit boiler is solely to provide heating for the house, in turn, a double-circuit boiler, in addition to heating the house, can also work as water heating.

Regardless of the type of heating boiler, for arranging an individual heating system, you can use both a single-pipe wiring diagram and a two-pipe one. Consider their main features, and try to figure out what are the advantages and disadvantages of each type.

Single pipe heating system

The principle of operation of such a system is very simple: when arranging heating, only one pipe is installed, which creates a vicious circle. Batteries from every room in the house are connected to this system.

There are two ways to set up such a system:

• horizontal;
• vertical.

The horizontal method of arranging a single-pipe heating system with bottom wiring is more popular, since it has a fairly simple design. A special feature is a special laying method, in which the installed pipes must have a slight slope so that the coolant can easily circulate throughout the system.

The nuances of laying by the horizontal method arise when heating is installed in a multi-storey building. Then, at the entrance to the original section of the radiator, located on the ground floor, you need to install a valve, partially blocking which you can create the necessary pressure for the circulation of the coolant on the upper floors.

One of the advantages of a single-pipe heating system with a lower wiring is the absence of the need for mandatory connection to a circulation pump.

Advantages of single pipe heating:

• good savings on materials, as fewer pipes are required;
• very simple and clear wiring diagram;
• clear calculation of the hydraulic load on the pipes.

But, unfortunately, despite all the positive aspects, they are completely crossed out by one minus. It consists in a significant loss of coolant temperature when it is removed from the heating boiler. This means that the batteries in the farthest rooms will be slightly warm.

You can fix this situation in the following ways:

• increase the total number of sections in the radiator as it moves away from the boiler;
• install special thermostatic valves on the radiators that regulate the pressure of the coolant supply to each radiator;
• install a circulation pump that will keep the pressure at the required level and contribute to the correct distribution of the coolant throughout the network.

A single-pipe heating distribution in a private house will be optimal for arranging a heating system in a one-story private house with an area of ​​\u200b\u200bno more than 100 m², and additional devices such as "warm floor" will not be needed.

Two-pipe heating system

The main difference between this type of arrangement of the heating system and the previous one is that each battery is connected to the main pipe of both direct and reverse current. This feature increases the consumption of pipes, approximately twice. But it is worth noting the positive aspects. The owner of the house can independently regulate the level of heat supply to each radiator. As a result, a pleasant atmosphere can be easily created in every room.

The arrangement of a two-pipe heating system provides for several important methods of wiring. Let's consider each of them in more detail.

Vertical circuit with bottom wiring

The technological process of installing a two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring includes the following steps:

1. A main pipeline is mounted on the floor of the first floor or basement, which originates at the heating boiler.
2. Vertical pipes are carried along the main pipe, which ensure the movement of the coolant to the radiators in the rooms.
3. A pipe must be installed for each radiator for the return flow of the already cooled coolant into the heating boiler.

When designing a two-pipe heating system with a lower wiring, it is imperative to think about how exactly the need for regular air outlet from the pipeline will be met. As a rule, this requirement is ensured by the installation of an air pipe, an expansion tank and the installation of Mayevsky cranes on all batteries, which are located on the second and third floors of the building.

Vertical layout with top wiring

This model provides that the coolant is supplied from the heater to the attic through the pipeline. From there, the coolant flows through the risers through all the radiators of the house. And the already cooled water is returned to the heating boiler through the main pipeline.

The presented method of arranging the heating system at home is much more efficient than the method with lower wiring, because much more pressure is supplied through the risers.

Horizontal heating system

The arrangement of horizontal wiring of a forced circulation heating system is a very popular way to heat a house.

When installing horizontal heating, several schemes are traditionally used:

1. Dead end. The advantage of this option is the economical consumption of pipes. The disadvantage is that the length of the circuit is very large and this makes it very difficult to regulate the operation of the entire system.
2. Associated movement of water. All circulation circuits are of equal length, and this helps to adjust the system easily and simply. The downside of this wiring diagram for heating a private house is the high consumption of pipes, which, with their cost, significantly increase the repair budget, and also spoil the interior of the premises.
3. Collector or beam wiring of the heating system. Due to the fact that each battery is connected individually to the central collector of the heating distribution, it is very easy to ensure an even distribution of heat. The disadvantage, as in the second case, is the very high consumption of materials. But all pipes are mounted in the wall, which does not spoil the interior of the room. Today, this wiring diagram for heating a private house is gaining popularity among developers.

When choosing a wiring diagram, it is important to take into account a lot of factors: the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building, types of construction material, etc.

Pipes for heating systems

Practice has shown that for laying the pipeline of the heating system, metal-plastic, polypropylene, steel, copper, as well as stainless steel and galvanized steel pipes are most often used.

Consider each type of pipe in more detail:

bouw.ru

In what area can a gas boiler be used?

The gas heating system, in addition to directly creating a comfortable microclimate in a private house, is used as a water heater in the pool, floor heating, and greenhouse heating. Such heat supply is increasingly preferred by happy owners of country cottages and country houses.

Heating the house with a gas boiler much more efficient than using a solid fuel or electric counterpart, which are the main competitors of gas. If you need to heat a private house in the village, then the use of electric heating is unprofitable, since the old energy system may not be able to withstand the increased loads.

The equipment worn out to impossibility leads to an overload of the central transformer at the substation and, as a result, a power outage in the entire village. At the same time, the cost of the energy carrier used to heat the house will be an order of magnitude higher than the operation of the system on gas.

For the storage of solid fuel resources, special conditions are required and, as a result, the presence of a utility room. Therefore, only a gas heating system can save the homeowner from a lot of minor troubles.

Features of the water heating system

Gas heating of private houses takes leading position among modern heating systems. The principle of its operation involves heating the coolant, which circulates through pipes and radiators, heating the air in the room to the specified temperature parameters. At the same time, a gas heating system has a number of undeniable advantages:

Considering disadvantages of gas heating I would like to highlight the following features:

• gradual heating of the air after starting the system;
• contamination of the outer surface of the battery reduces the quality of the entire system;
• water with a minimum amount of impurities should be used as a heat carrier;
• when the system is idle in severe frosts, the water turns into ice, breaking pipes and radiators.

In general, the scheme of gas heating of private houses using a water coolant has gained maximum popularity, even despite its shortcomings. In turn, for a country house or cottage where the regularity of heating is unstable, it is better to use non-freezing liquid as a coolant.

Creation of a gas heating system project

At the stage of independent design of the heating system of a private house, it is important to take into account all even the smallest details that will directly affect efficiency and economy gas heating.

1. Number of boilers and their total capacity.
2. Determining the power of the circulation pump sufficient to heat the entire house.
3. The presence of warm floors in the house.
4. Drawing up a diagram of a gas heating system, taking into account consumers of hot water.
5. The presence of several floors in the building.

Only by taking into account all the features of the house in advance, it is possible to calculate the heating system with maximum efficiency, which will satisfy all the needs of the homeowner and his relatives.

Diagram of a gas heating system

The scheme of the heating system of a private household running on gas necessarily includes a boiler, batteries, an expander tank, a circulation pump and connecting pipes. Heated by boiler coolant circulates through pipes and radiators, giving off their heat to the environment and again returning to the main heating unit. The movement of water is usually provided by a forced method due to the pressure pumped by the pump.

To increase the efficiency of water gas heating at home, its scheme can be supplemented with shutoff valves, Mayevsky taps, a temperature sensor and other elements. An expansion tank is an integral part of any heating system, both with forced and natural circulation.

The gas heating scheme with natural water circulation is due to the peculiarity of installing the pipeline at the required angle, as well as using pipes with a large diameter and installing an expansion tank at the highest point of the system. Wherein heating wiring diagram can be done in two ways:

• By the beam method, which has the simplicity of repair work, as well as high efficiency. But you have to spend money on pipes due to the large size of the pipeline.
• The tee method is slightly cheaper due to the smaller number of pipes. But it will not work to adjust the individual heating elements, since this is simply not provided for by the scheme.

If it is planned to connect the heating system directly to the central gas pipeline, then human intervention in its operation will be limited to changing the temperature parameters.

Criteria for choosing a gas boiler

For the simple reason that a gas-fired boiler is the central node of the heating system, its choice must be made with full awareness of the issue. Yes, buying a device with closed combustion chamber does not require the installation of an exhaust pipe. If there is no central gas supply line near a private house, you can opt for a combined boiler that runs on different fuels.

The parameters of the gas boiler may vary depending on the size of the heated room. Gas appliances are both low-power for heating one-story buildings, and powerful boilers capable of heating a multi-story building or even an industrial facility. Depending on the functionality, gas-fired boilers are divided into single-circuit and double-circuit units.

Single-circuit gas equipment is designed only for home heating. In turn, the double-circuit analogue, in addition to its direct purpose, has an additional function of heating water. At the same time, such devices are flowing and storage. But the use of a flow device is advisable with a slight consumption of hot water. In turn, a double-circuit boiler with a built-in boiler is able to fully provide both the heating of a private house and hot water supply.

If we consider the types of gas burners, then they are atmospheric and ventilation principle of operation. The atmospheric burner is the most common in private housing construction heating systems. The ventilation burner is installed in boilers used in industrial structures. Also, boilers differ in the type of thrust for natural and forced exhaust gases.

Depending on the installation option, gas appliances are divided into wall and floor units. The floor boiler has high power and device dimensions, as well as high durability. Wall-mounted gas boiler, more compact, but the maximum power of the device is limited. In addition, the wall-mounted device has a lower operational resource.

Installation of a gas heating system for the house

To bring the heating system scheme to life, there is certain sequence of events.

The organization of gas heating in a private house will allow its owner to get rid of many problems associated with solid fuel equipment or boilers operating on liquid fuel.

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Features of the gas heating system

The principle of operation of the system is that a network of pipes is diverted from the gas boiler, through which the coolant circulates.

Pipes and radiators give off heat to the air in the rooms, and the cooled coolant is returned to the boiler.

The gas system is installed in three stages:

1. Project on paper (calculations and diagrams).
2. Procurement of the necessary elements of the system.
3. Installation and commissioning.

Let's consider all the steps in more detail.

Project

Autonomous gas heating begins with the development of the project. If you decide to make a plan on your own, think carefully and double-check everything!

So, an exact plan of the house with dimensions is drawn on a piece of paper. Then all the details of the future heating are applied:

• boiler;
• pipes;
• radiators;
• expansion tank;
• taps, etc.

Armed with a tape measure, take measurements. Mark on the diagram all the joints where there will be tees, couplings. Mark where the holes will be in the walls. Pipe diameter.

To calculate the system, you need to take into account:

1. Boiler performance, number of circuits, floor or wall, type of combustion chamber.
2. Pump power.
3. Characteristics of radiators.
4. Special conditions: if you plan to have underfloor heating, a swimming pool, etc.

System without mains gas

Gas heating, in principle, is also available where there is no mains gas. If there is a gas tank nearby or you can buy bottled gas.

Having looked in the documents for the boiler, its gas consumption (m 3 / h) can and should be calculated:

• How fast will the balloon run out.
• How many are needed for the heating season.
• And how much will it cost.

Let's say right away that you should not start heating with cylinders if the house is more than 70 m 2. The expense will be - a balloon per day!

Information for calculations:

• From one kg. about 510 liters of liquefied gas is obtained, i.e. 0.5 m 3.
• The balloon is usually 85% full. Those. about 42 l. or 22 kg.
• It turns out that one cylinder gives 11 m 3 of gas.

Example. A 10 kW boiler consumes 1.1 m 3 of gas per hour. It turns out that one cylinder is enough for 10 hours of operation of the boiler at the power limit.

In practice, boilers (especially if there is a thermostat) turn on / off and can maintain the desired temperature without boosting to full power, and working for about 8 hours a day. This means that the balloon will need to be changed every 2-4 days.

Accommodation Requirements

Floor the boiler must be installed in a room designated for it. A foundation is required.

wall boiler can be placed in any room suitable for this. The following conditions must be met:

• The area is more than 4 m 2.
• Ceilings - from 2.2 m.
• Wall materials - non-combustible, or covered with non-combustible sheets (3 mm asbestos, or steel).
• The volatile unit is grounded.

Heating scheme

The circulation of water through pipes and radiators occurs due to the movement of the heated liquid upwards, as well as from the operation of the circulation pump.

Additional elements:

• Shutoff valves (the more taps there are, the easier it will be to maintain and repair heating elements).
• Air vents (oxygen, gradually accumulating in pipes, is detrimental to metals, it must be bled periodically).
• Thermostat (needed to keep t in the rooms at the same level, saves fuel).

An expansion tank is a mandatory attribute of any system. It can be closed and open. The closed one is paired with a circulation pump. An open tank is placed as high as possible, for example, in the attic of a house.

Pipe laying

There are two main types of wiring:

1. Single pipe.
2. Two-pipe.

Single pipe. A pipe leaves the boiler, to which radiators are connected in series. The farther the battery is from the heater, the colder it is. Such a scheme is the simplest, it takes few materials. But it is suitable only for small houses, where the coolant will not have time to cool down. In addition, the system is not adjustable.

Two-pipe system– all radiators are connected to the supply pipe in parallel. Each receives the first, hot water. After passing through the battery, the water flows into the return pipe and returns to the boiler. The system is slightly more expensive, but all rooms are heated evenly. Suitable for multi-room houses.

Connecting radiators

There are three options for connecting heating radiators:

1. Unilateral.
2. Lower.
3. Diagonal.

They differ not only in location, but also in efficiency.

Let's look at each of these options in more detail:

1. Unilateral option. The supply and return pipes are located on one side of the radiator. The method saves materials, but is not very effective if the radiator consists of a large number of sections (the coolant simply cools down until it reaches the last section).
2. Lower option . Outdated and inefficient (radiators give off 15-30% less heat than they could). The liquid flows where it is easier - along the bottom of the heaters, and the upper part remains unused.
3. diagonal option. The most correct. Water enters at the top of one side of the radiator, and, having passed through the entire battery, exits at the bottom of the other side. Such an installation is mandatory for long heaters. With such a scheme, it can be expected that the radiators will give passport indicators.

Chimney

One of the prerequisites: the outlet pipe of the boiler must exactly match the diameter of the chimney. Other subtleties:

• The chimney from the boiler to the head should not have more than three bends.
• There should be no connections where the pipe passes through a wall or roof.
• The pipe must be insulated in places where it passes through an unheated room.

To check whether the length of the chimney you are planning will be sufficient, perform a simple calculation. Find the volume of the chimney and the volume of the boiler. The boiler must completely "fit" in the chimney. The area, S of a round pipe is found by the formula πR 2. To find out the volume, multiply the resulting number by the total length of the pipe.

Conclusion. Having studied all the subtleties, and having carefully thought everything through, you can proceed to the installation work. Remember that the connection of the boiler to the gas main should be carried out only by specialists in the gas service. They also conduct a trial run of the system.

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Beginning of work

The layout of the heating system in an apartment or a private house begins with an analysis of the conditions in which it is planned to operate it. To ensure efficient heating, it is necessary to choose the right boiler, the diameter of the pipelines of the main line, and also determine the type of fuel.

Main Ingredients

The key components of the heating system that affect the wiring diagram are:

• Type of fuel.
• Type of boiler equipment, its main indicators and power.
• Type of heating devices.
• Features of the room (number of floors, insulation, area, other features).

Type of fuel

The most demanded source of heat is a gas boiler. This equipment is chosen for private houses, apartments or outbuildings because of its economy, battery life and versatility. Also, a double-circuit boiler is able to heat water for sanitary needs. In this case, the connection of the gas boiler to the heating system, the piping layout must take into account the power of the circulation pump and the relatively low performance.

If you plan to heat a two-story building, in addition to the pump installed in the double-circuit boiler, additional equipment will be required to ensure the circulation of the coolant.

Boilers

These devices differ in the method of installation, type of fuel and power. Household boilers can operate on such fuels as solid (wood), diesel, liquid (fuel oil), coal, liquefied or natural gas, as well as pellets. Quite popular are electric boilers, which can be electrode and heating. In addition, there are combined units that operate on different types of fuel.

Many boilers are characterized by floor construction, however, there are wall-mounted versions with a power of less than 25 kW. To accommodate electric electrode boilers do not require a separate place, they are mounted directly into the pipeline system. Most modern models are equipped with a heating circuit for hot water supply, and they can also be cascaded to heat large areas.

In any case, for the scheme of heating systems of a one-story house, you should choose boiler units that allow you to automate their work as much as possible and simplify operation. Equally important is the dependence of the heating system on electrical networks. This condition is fully met by the use of gas boilers, as well as installation schemes for the heating system in a private house without electric pumps.

Heating appliances

Heating devices for private houses can be divided into two main groups - radiators and registers. The principle of their operation is quite simple. In both cases, the coolant, moving inside the heater, gradually gives off heat to the environment. The choice of these structures depends on the number of storeys of the building. If the premises are located on two or more levels, then it is advisable to give preference to compact and aesthetic radiators.

The use of radiators in the heating system of a private house is even more convenient in terms of the arrangement of furniture in the premises. They are placed under window openings, pipelines for their connection can be laid along the walls or hidden in the floor structure. Adjustment of heat transfer occurs due to the number of sections, determined by the purpose and area of ​​the heated room.

The type of heater is determined by the characteristics of the system, such as pressure, flow rate and temperature of the heating medium. Depending on these indicators, aluminum ribbed or cast iron radiators are selected. Aluminum structures give off heat due to the incoming convective air flows in the channels between the fins of the device, cast iron - due to infrared radiation and high heat capacity.

At a coolant temperature of 90-95 ° C and a low flow rate, it is desirable to give preference to cast iron appliances. At a temperature of 65-80°C and the presence of a circulation pump in the heating system, it is preferable to use finned aluminum radiators.

Also, the heating systems of private houses are very often supplemented by underfloor heating. The most comfortable microclimate will allow to achieve the temperature of the coolant in the pipelines, which is within 40 ° C. The device of a water heated floor requires the mandatory installation of pumping equipment.

Pipelines

Heating appliances and the boiler are interconnected by pipelines, the arrangement of which depends on the location of the radiators, the number of storeys of the building, its perimeter and length.

The material of pipelines should be selected based on the convenience and conditions of installation, their durability, maintainability.

In modern heating systems, bulky stainless, steel and galvanized pipes have been replaced by products made of polypropylene and metal-plastic. In combination with cast-iron heaters, copper pipelines are widely used.

Installation

If there is a heat source, the main task will be to move the heated coolant through the heating system. The operating parameters and durability of the heating system will depend on the type of scheme chosen. As a rule, these works are carried out at the stage of major repairs or construction, as they affect the entire housing space.

There are two main types of heating systems. This:

• Natural (gravitational).
• Closed heating system in a private house. This scheme provides for artificial circulation.

In the first case, the natural circulation of the coolant is implied due to its heating and expansion. A closed system uses a closed, pressurized heating circuit. The redistribution of heat and the circulation of liquid are provided by pumping equipment.

Any of these options can be organized by various connection schemes. The most commonly used single-pipe, two-pipe and beam wiring. Let's consider them in more detail.

Single pipe system

A single-pipe scheme for connecting a heating system implies a serial installation of devices. The coolant enters the heating devices, and then, passing through them, gives off part of its heat. Thus, a liquid with the lowest possible temperature index enters the last device. So that this does not affect the microclimate of the room, the number of sections in the final heater must be increased.

To date, there are technologies that optimize the operation of a single-pipe heating system. Heating regulators, ball valves, thermostatic valves or balancing valves can be installed as auxiliary elements. This will achieve a balance in obtaining heat supply. Overlapping one particular radiator will not disrupt the operation of the heating system as a whole.

The layout of the heating system in a private house can be implemented in the form:

• Horizontal system using a circulation pump.
• Vertical system with natural or combined circulation, as well as with the help of circulation pumping equipment.

Horizontal single pipe system

This scheme was popularly called "Leningrad". Pipelines can be built into the heating structure or laid above the floor level. Therefore, in order to reduce heat transfer, it is recommended to insulate them.

The installation of the supply line is carried out with a slight slope in the direction of movement of the coolant. Heating appliances must be located on the same level. To remove air from the system, Mayevsky taps must be provided.

The wiring diagram of a single-pipe heating system in a two-story house provides for the presence of a riser that supplies the coolant to the second floor and leads to the first radiator.

Temperature control is carried out with the help of taps. They should be installed in front of the first heater on each floor.

Vertical single pipe system

Similar schemes of heating systems in private houses provide for the natural circulation of the coolant. The advantage of such wiring is independence from the power supply, since a circulation pump is not required.

A significant disadvantage is the use of large diameter pipelines, as well as the need to locate the distributing line strictly at an angle. The main disadvantage is the fact that such a scheme for connecting the heating system in a private house does not look very aesthetically pleasing. However, this can be eliminated by means of a circulation pump.

Two-pipe system

Such schemes of heating systems in private homes require significant financial costs. Also, the volume of work performed and, accordingly, the cost of installation increase.

The main advantage is the uniform distribution of the coolant throughout the system. And most importantly, the temperature regime is very simply regulated: in accordance with the needs of those living in the house.

When installing modern communications, the manufacturers of components for which are mainly foreign companies, it is recommended to connect the gas boiler to the heating system, the scheme of which is two-pipe, as this greatly facilitates the operation of pumping equipment.

Heaters can be connected from the side, from below and diagonally. The choice of the optimal option mainly depends on the size of the radiators used and the material of their manufacture.

Control valves must be installed at the inlet and outlet of the heater. Also, do not forget about the drain valve, which should be located at the lowest points of the system.

The consumption of pipelines depends on which connection of the boiler to the heating system is chosen - a single-pipe or two-pipe scheme. It is more expedient to equip private houses with a small area with a two-pipe wiring.

Additionally, such a system is equipped with a circulation pump. The presence of thermostats in each individual room allows you to configure the most optimal heating mode.

If your material resources are limited, and the private house is small, then you can get by with a single-pipe wiring.

The area of ​​buildings in which it is allowed to use single-pipe systems should not exceed 100 m 2. In this case, you can do without pumping equipment and use natural circulation.

Radiation system

The collector or beam scheme is characterized by the fact that each heater has its own pair of pipelines for direct and reverse current. These pipelines converge on the combs at the heater. In such a system, the length of the pipes is much higher even compared to a two-pipe scheme.

For uniform distribution of the coolant over the heating devices, the beam system is balanced before operation.

Conclusion

Regardless of which heating system is chosen, the scheme will be developed with your own hands or with the involvement of specialists, it is important to remember that the design and installation of these engineering communications are considered a rather complicated undertaking. If you are not confident in your own abilities, it is preferable to seek help from specialists.

This will avoid errors that may occur at any stage of the launch and operation of the heating system. In order not to eliminate shortcomings in the future, it is better to simply avoid them and foresee everything in advance.

Homeowners in urban high-rise buildings are accustomed to the relative convenience of central heating, as they do not have to think about maintaining it, turning it on or off. However, in recent years, more and more residents are inclined to equip their own autonomous heating in an apartment in a multi-storey building, as they face many problems caused by insufficiently efficient and conscientious work of housing and communal services. So, the coolant temperature set in the central boiler room is not always satisfied. For example, it is warm enough outside, and the batteries are hot to such an extent that you have to open all the windows wide open. Or, on the contrary, the radiators are a little warm, and harsh frosts suddenly set in outside the window.

Another important point is the dependence of heating on emergency situations in the entire system, up to the boiler house and heating mains. So, a pipe break in one of the sections of the heat supply line deprives several houses of heating at once. Such a moment is especially unpleasant at the peak of winter cold.

The inconvenience of central heating also manifests itself in the off-season - in the autumn and spring periods, when the heating has already been turned off or has not yet been started, and the apartment is cold. In such cases, you have to use electric heaters and pay rather big sums for electricity.

Those who decide to take control of the heat supply of their homes under their own control, having equipped individual heating, as a rule, have a lot of questions. Therefore, further, various nuances associated with such a transition will be considered.

Advantages and disadvantages of individual apartment heating

Before proceeding directly to action, you need to find out what advantages autonomous heating provides to its owners. But no less valuable is information about the difficulties that will be encountered in its arrangement and operation.

So, the presence in the apartment of a heating system independent of the heat supply line provides the following advantages:

• The ability to create comfortable conditions in the apartment at any time of the year, regardless of the general operation of the general heating system. An urgent need for this arises in the off-season, since in spring and autumn day and night temperatures vary significantly. Yes, and summer, as we know, is able to present "surprises". The central heating system is switched on according to the standard schedule. There are also emergency launches, but it always takes several days (to analyze the situation and put it into operation), during which residents may experience significant discomfort.

• The ability to set the most comfortable temperature in the apartment during the cold season. Everyone knows that apartments located in the end part of the house are colder than those located between several apartments. Therefore, the requirements for the temperature of the coolant in the system will be different. However, utilities do not always take into account these factors, charging the same amount of payment for heating, focusing only on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bhousing.

It is impossible not to take into account the personal needs for warmth of each person, since one individual likes it warmer, and for another, such a microclimate in an apartment seems unacceptably hot.

• Autonomous heating system can be easily adjusted to the desired mode of operation. For example, if homeowners are absent from home all day, then there is no need to “drive” the heating system in vain. You can set it to the minimum required heating, and upon arrival home, the temperature of the coolant can be increased.

Many modern heating boilers are equipped with operating mode programming systems that can be set both according to the daily routine of the owners, and according to the alternation of weekends and working days. For example, by the time the owners come home from work or study, the system will automatically bring the temperature in the rooms to the most comfortable level.

Many modern heating boilers are equipped with control units connected to GSM or IP communication channels. Thanks to this, they can be controlled remotely and remotely using a phone or computer.

• Payment for heating will also be significantly reduced due to lower energy consumption, since modern boilers, both gas and electric, are tuned for minimal energy consumption and its most efficient use - they have a high efficiency, reaching up to 95 ÷ 100%.
• By choosing a unit with two circuits for installation, it is quite possible to refuse not only central heating, but also hot water supply. Thanks to this, the apartment will always have hot water, regardless of whether preventive work is carried out in the heating network in the summer or not.
• Another important factor in cost savings is that payment for heating will be made only in the winter, when the system is actually in operation. The fact is that you will have to pay only for an electric or gas meter (depending on the choice of the boiler). There is an opportunity to clearly personally control the consumption of resources. For central heating, you usually have to pay year-round.

However, in order to transfer an apartment to independent heating and hot water supply, you will have to go through a lot of bureaucratic formalities. They can be attributed to the main disadvantages of such a reorganization.

• All work carried out must be agreed with the relevant organizations and carried out in accordance with established rules. Unauthorized reconstruction will not remove the obligation to pay the costs for the provided central heating services, and also threatens to impose a large fine on the owner of the housing.
• Paperwork both for turning off central communications, and for drawing up a project, as well as installing autonomous equipment, will require a lot of time, patience and money.
• If you plan to use a gas boiler for heating, then the room where it will be installed must be equipped with an effective ventilation system, as well as a chimney.

• Installation work on the installation of a gas boiler must be carried out by qualified specialists from the relevant organization. Therefore, it will not be possible to implement them on their own - and this also entails additional costs.
• In addition to the costs of installation work, the reconstruction will require considerable costs both for paperwork and the purchase of all necessary equipment.
• Responsibility for the safe operation of autonomous heating, as well as for carrying out preventive maintenance, rests with the homeowners. Control over the implementation of all these regulations is carried out by specialists of the relevant organizations. The owner of the apartment will be obliged to provide unhindered access to the heating equipment.

Despite all the difficulties with the design and installation of an autonomous system, as well as one-time rather high costs, the benefits of this heating system are obvious. Over many years of operation, these investments will certainly pay off. and even several times. And the most favorable microclimate for the owners will always be maintained in the apartment.

Documents required for the transition to autonomous heating

The first thing to consider when starting a reconstruction is the timing of paperwork. Therefore, if it is planned to receive heat from an individual heating boiler next winter, then the process must be started in advance. So, practice shows that permits are issued and "wander through the authorities" within three to five months. Installation work can begin only after all permits have been received, and they will take several days.

Approval and obtaining permits

It is necessary to start this whole lengthy process by clarifying the list of documents required for drafting a project, purchasing and installing equipment. There is a list of documentation approved by Art. 26 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation "The basis for the reconstruction and (or) redevelopment of residential premises." This document is taken as a basis, since when installing a heating boiler, as a rule, some redevelopment is required.

Redevelopment in apartments of multi-storey buildings should be carried out in accordance with established requirements and in agreement with local governments. To obtain approval, a package is collected, consisting of the following documents:

• Application-petition for redevelopment of residential premises. The standard form of this petition is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
• A copy of the certificate of the right to own housing, certified by a notary, is an agreement on transferring it to ownership or the right to inherit.
• Also, a photocopy of the technical passport of the apartment certified by a public notary.
• Designed housing redevelopment project.
• A copy of the document, which indicates all the tenants registered in this apartment.
• Consent to the redevelopment of the premises. This document is a list of all adult residents of the apartment, indicating the full name and year of birth. Opposite their name, each of them must put a personal signature, which confirms the consent. The document is drawn up on one sheet.
• If the house in which the apartment is located belongs to architectural monuments, then a permit from the organization involved in the protection of cultural heritage will be required.

When addressing the collected package to local authorities, the owner of the apartment should know that they are not entitled to demand additional documents from him that are not provided for by the above article. Having handed over the package for approval, in return for it, the owner of the apartment must receive a receipt, which will list all the documents contained in it.

Further, the self-government organization, after appropriate verification and approval, sends the package to the administration of the city or administrative region, where the documents are approved. In this case, it is necessary to know the time frame during which the applicant must be provided with a reasoned answer.

Consideration of the application and the issuance of a verdict on permission or refusal must be given no later than one and a half months (45 days) from the date of submission of the documentation. And the applicant must receive his copy of the conclusion issued by the commission no later than three days after the decision is made.

The ban on redevelopment of housing may be due to the deterioration of the living conditions of other residents of the house or apartment. This moment is indicated in the norms and rules for the technical operation of housing, approved by the Gosstroy of Russia No. 170 dated September 27, 2003.

As indicated in the list of documents, it includes a project for the redevelopment of the living quarters. Before the project is drawn up, it is necessary to obtain permission from the controlling gas and heat supply organizations to disconnect from the central communication systems and install autonomous gas equipment. If permission is obtained, then a project is drawn up for the reconstruction of the premises and the installation of an autonomous heating system. The finished project is coordinated with the relevant organizations.

All of the above documents, except for the project itself, must be prepared in advance, as they will need to be presented in all instances that affect the drafting of the project.

Documentation is issued in the following order:

• The first step will be to visit the city or district heating networks. In this organization, you must obtain permission to turn off the apartment from central heating. A permit document can be obtained if the disconnection of communications from a particular apartment does not disrupt the operation of the engineering equipment of the entire house or the apartments located next to it. There can be no other justification for refusal.

In some cases, the application for disconnection from the heating network is submitted through the housing department.

If an unreasonable refusal is received from the heat supply organization, then it is worth contacting the courts with this document to resolve this conflict.

• Having received a positive conclusion from the heating systems, you can go with it to the gas service of the city or district. There it is necessary to obtain technical conditions for the installation of stand-alone equipment. This document must be issued within ten calendar days from the date of application.
• When both permits are obtained, you can go to the design department of the energy company or to another design organization authorized to deal with residential buildings. If the heating boiler was purchased in advance, then its passport with technical characteristics should be attached to the general package. The project will take into account all the submitted data, including the technical conditions for the organization of autonomous heating.

In order to get acquainted with the requirements that regulatory organizations impose when issuing permits, it is necessary to study the document SNiP41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" clause 6.2 "Individual heating systems".

If there is no possibility or desire to independently solve the problems of permits with design organizations, then their execution can be entrusted to the design company. In some regions of the Russian Federation, this process is handled by one of the departments of the gas service. These additional services, of course, are already provided for a fee.

Drafting a project

The reconstruction project is drawn up according to the submitted documentation. Therefore, before transferring the package to the design organization, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the technical conditions obtained in the gas sector. Given them, you must independently draw up a sketch of the desired (from the point of view of the owner) location of the heating equipment.

However, it is necessary to correctly imagine the situation - the exact place where the boiler will be installed can be determined by specialists after they study the floor plan of the apartment.

The project is the main document according to which the premises will be reorganized, and then the heating equipment will be installed. Therefore, the efficiency of the system and the convenience of its operation will depend on how correctly it will be developed.

The project includes a considerable amount of information that characterizes the heating system being created:

• The climatic conditions of the region in which the house is located.
• The main technical and operational characteristics of the building.
• Energy carriers that can be used for the functioning of autonomous heating.
• The characteristics of the heated premises of the apartment are their area and volume, the number of rooms, the location of the loggias.
• financial side of the issue.

Based on the collected and systematized information, the location of the boiler, its recommended type, as well as the required heat output are determined.

Specialists of design or energy companies will make accurate calculations, making the heating system not only efficient, but also economical to the maximum. If the organizations that will subsequently approve the documentation are developing projects themselves, then it is best to take this opportunity and entrust the development of it to them. In this case, there will be no possibility that serious errors or omissions will be made in the document.

However, whoever is entrusted with the task of compiling the project, the customer must actively interact with its developers. This is due to the fact that in the process of work, several options for redevelopment are often considered. These options are presented to the customer for consideration, and he chooses the most optimal of them - already from the point of view of the owner of the apartment. The parameters of the heater, as well as the range of parts, materials and components necessary for the installation of the system, often depend on this choice.

The project is being developed in stages:

• The first step is to consider the sketch of the equipment location provided by the customer. If the owner of the apartment has not developed his own version, then it is best to draw up a sketch together with a specialist designer.
• Further, the paths for laying the heating circuit are considered and determined. If you plan to leave the old circuit without replacement, only with the necessary modifications, the developer must be warned about this in advance.
• The next step is to prepare documentation on the main components and devices of the heating system.
• An estimate is being made.

Specialists responsible for a particular area of ​​operation of the heating system will definitely take part in the drafting of the project - this is heat supply, ventilation, energy supply, and, if necessary, architecture.

As a result, the documentation will consist of several parts, each of which defines different aspects of the project implementation:

• Descriptive part. It provides data on the meaning and content of the project. This section consists of several subsections:

- the location of the apartment in the construction of the house;

- features of the layout of the apartment and the location of living rooms.

This section specifies where the apartment is located - in the middle part of the building or from its end, regional climate features are indicated. This information is necessary to determine the type and optimal power of heating equipment, including the boiler itself, radiators or other heat exchange devices.

• Technological calculations are the main part of the project. This section determines the volume of coolant required for the operation of the heating unit in different modes. In addition, the optimal temperature for its heating is indicated, which will provide comfortable conditions in all areas of the apartment.

Based on the calculated parameters, the power of the boiler for heating is selected (as a rule, a double-circuit one, that is, immediately and to solve the problem of autonomous hot water supply).

This part also defines possible heat losses during room heating. And on the basis of the obtained indicators, conclusions are drawn about the efficiency of the heating system.

All calculated data are reflected in the graphic diagram, which is also included in this part of the project. This document will become a guide for installers during the practical implementation of the project. By the way, all these parameters must be strictly observed during installation and installation work. Otherwise, the commission accepting the system into operation may simply not allow its launch.

• Specification. This part of the project provides information on all the necessary components and materials for the installation of the heating system. The same section may include a drawing-scheme, which indicates the location of devices and connecting nodes.

This information is used when acquiring everything necessary for the assembly of the heating system, and then - when bringing its installation.

• Recently, the project is often supplemented with a graphic representation of what should be the result. This part of the project helps to visualize how the heating system will look after it is installed. The image is made using computer programs, usually in three-dimensional projection.

When submitting an application for the preparation of project documentation, it is necessary to clarify the reasons for the transition to individual heating. This is necessary so that specialists know what to focus on when working on a project.

After the project is ready, a copy of it must be sent to the company that will control the subsequent operation of the equipment.

You may be interested in information about what is

Equipment for autonomous heating of an apartment

Another question that necessarily arises before the owner of an apartment who decides to transfer it to autonomous heating is the choice of a boiler according to the power source. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307, paragraph 44 of 04/16/12, which refers to heat supply systems, identifies devices that do not meet the established safety requirements. Therefore, the units included in the list of this document are prohibited for installation in apartments located in multi-storey buildings.

Simply put, in this case, only one of two options can be chosen - an electric boiler or a gas-fired one. Which one is better suited for the conditions of the apartment, more economical and safer?

To answer these questions, we can briefly consider their characteristic features.

A gas boiler

For autonomous apartment heating, gas boilers are often used. However, when choosing a unit, you need to know that it must meet certain requirements. These conditions are defined to maintain safety as well as the efficiency of the system.

These requirements include the design features of the unit:

• The boiler must have a sealed (closed) combustion chamber.
• Automatic shutdown of the gas supply should be provided in the following cases:

- when the burner flame goes out;

- in case of malfunctions in the protection circuit;

- in the event of a power outage;

- when the gas supply pressure drops below the limit value:

- when the coolant overheats above the established norm;

- in the presence of malfunctions in the chimney system.

• The permissible heating temperature of the coolant should not exceed 95 degrees.
• The coolant pressure in the system should not exceed 1 MPa.

In addition, gas boilers are divided into single and double-circuit, for example,. As mentioned above, the former are designed only for heating the apartment, and the latter - both for space heating and for heating hot water for domestic needs. Naturally, zealous owners most often prefer the second option.

When submitting an application for disconnection from the heating network, it is necessary to indicate the type of device in it. This is due to the fact that consent must be obtained from heating networks to disconnect not only from the central heating main, but also from the hot water supply.

Another important factor is the choice of the type of boiler at the location, as they are floor or wall. Due to the small areas of most city apartments, wall-mounted options are most often preferred, since boiler equipment is installed in kitchens or on an insulated loggia.

Wall-mounted boilers have a fairly compact size and neat exterior design. They practically do not differ in appearance from ordinary gas water heaters. The chimney from the heating gas unit is brought out into the street through the outer wall of the house, therefore, this particular wall or adjacent to it is chosen for its placement. The window next to which the boiler is hung often immediately solves the issue of ventilation of the room.

The wall-mounted boiler has ample power to heat a standard-sized apartment.

If funds permit, a condensing boiler should be preferred. It is more efficient and economical in operation - it implements an additional selection of thermal power due to the condensation of water vapor contained in the combustion products of natural gas. The gain in useful power compared to a conventional boiler with equal consumption of "blue fuel" is 10 percent or more.

Gas boilers for heating and hot water supply - which one to choose?

A wide variety of gas boilers on sale can, to a certain extent, play a “cruel joke” with the consumer - significantly complicate the choice of a suitable model. What parameters should be paid special attention to, which models should be preferred? About all this in a separate - in a separate publication of our portal.

Arrangement of a room for the installation of a gas boiler

Separately, it is necessary to mention the premises of the apartment where it is planned to install gas equipment. The safety of the residents of the entire house will depend on its proper arrangement.

To place a gas boiler, you cannot choose an arbitrary room of the apartment, guided by some of your own master's interests. The premises must meet certain requirements, the list of which includes the following points:

• The equipment cannot be installed in any of the living rooms of the apartment.
• The area of ​​the room must be at least 4 m².
• The entrance door to the room cannot be less than 800 mm wide.
• The room must have a window facing the street.
• The unit is hung on a wall or installed on the floor, at a distance of at least 300 mm from another gas-powered appliance, such as a stove.
• It is not allowed to connect the chimney of a gas boiler, as well as the columns, to the general house ventilation system. The pipe must be brought outside through the outer wall. The most convenient in this respect is the use of coaxial chimneys with forced air intake and exhaust of combustion products.
• Some gas boilers with high power require the installation of forced ventilation in the room, that is, equipped with an exhaust fan. If such a requirement is indicated in the technical conditions for arranging a room for installing a specific boiler model, then a fan of the appropriate capacity will have to be inserted into the window.
• The wall-mounted boiler can only be installed on a wall made of non-combustible material. The floor area under the floor version of the device is usually lined with ceramic tiles.

If at least one of the requirements cannot be met, the commission that accepts the gas equipment will not sign the act of permission to put it into operation.

Based on the list of requirements, we can conclude that the gas boiler can be installed in the kitchen or in the loggia associated with it. The loggia must be well insulated in advance. These rooms are most suitable for the installation of gas equipment, since the gas supply riser is traditionally located in the kitchen.

The kitchen room of the apartment must have a window facing the street, as well as a doorway of the required width. In addition, general ventilation channels pass through the kitchen, which are also necessary when arranging a room for a “mini-boiler room”.

Gas boiler prices

a gas boiler

Electric heating of the apartment

Unlike gas equipment, it is much easier to install an electric heating option, since there are much more places where, for example, the same boiler can be hung on a wall.

The main thing to consider when choosing the area for installing equipment is the possibility of connecting a heating circuit to it, as well as supplying a power supply line of the required power. The presence of a ventilation system, as well as pipes for the removal of combustion products, is not required.

If it is decided to choose an electric heating option, then before starting the implementation of the plan, it is necessary to contact the energy company with a request to check the availability of free energy resources in the house. This organization must give written permission to connect devices of the required power and apply for disconnecting the apartment from the central heating and hot water supply. The homeowner must submit this application to the heating network, and a copy of it is attached to the general package of documents.

The list of other documentation for the transition to electric heating will have to be clarified with the energy company, as well as with the self-government organization. The administrative regions of Russia may have their own requirements for the use of electricity for heating.

In any case, for the installation of electric heating equipment, the number of documents that will have to be collected will be much less than when choosing a gas boiler.

Heating an apartment from electricity can be implemented in different ways, which allows you to choose the best option for a particular case:

• Installation of an electric boiler with connection to a classic heating circuit with a coolant circulating in it.
• Direct heating from separately installed convector appliances
• Fixed or mobile infrared heaters or fan heaters.
• Underfloor heating system using a heating cable or infrared film.
• Several different electrical appliances used in the complex.

You may be interested in information about what characteristics they have.

Heating with an electric boiler

If it is intended to leave the heating circuit in its original state, only by disconnecting it from the central heating, then it is connected to an electric boiler. Passing through the heat exchanger of the electrical unit, the coolant is heated and enters the closed heating circuit. Then, having passed the circle and cooled down, it returns again for heating. To make the circulation of the coolant more intense and controlled, a special circulation pump is built into the system.

Modern electric boilers are equipped with automatic control. Thanks to such systems, the boiler can be programmed not only for a specific coolant temperature, but also for a specific mode of operation by hours and days of the week. That is, the device will not function constantly, but at the time and with the heat output that is beneficial to the owners of the home.

In specialized stores, wall-mounted models of electric boilers with a power of 5 to 60 kW are presented, as well as floor-standing options that have a much higher power of 60 kW or more.

To determine which of the models in terms of power to choose will help the specialists producing in the preparation of the project. The choice of the unit will depend on the characteristics of the heated apartment, its area, the number of windows and balconies, the type of window frames installed, etc. An approximate guideline when choosing the power of a heating boiler is 1 kW per 10 m² of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment, although these can be argued with.

If it is necessary to install a boiler with a power of 9 kW or more to heat housing, then you will have to re-equip the apartment's electrical network - start a three-phase line and install a three-phase meter. A unit with a larger capacity may only be installed with the approval of the home maintenance utility. But, as a rule, since we are talking about an ordinary apartment, single-phase units with a power of up to 9 kW are more than enough.

You might be interested in information on how to choose

An electric boiler can be installed in the kitchen, bathroom, one of the utility rooms or in the hallway. And all the necessary communications (pipes and cables) can be placed hidden - remove them into the wall or under the floor surface.

By the way, electric boilers are completely miniature. For example, electrode-type units are distinguished by their compactness. That is, finding the best place for them will be even easier. You may be interested in information about how they have proven themselves

You can talk a lot about electric boilers, as they are represented by several types, differing even in the principle of converting electrical energy into thermal energy. But it is better to read about it in a separate detailed publication.

What is an electric boiler and how to choose one?

These units attract with their compactness, ease of installation and management, high performance. A special article of our portal will help to understand the diversity and even independently calculate the required power.

Priceselectric boiler

electric boiler

Heating an apartment on the principle of direct heating with electrical appliances

This heating option includes heating from separately located electric heaters or a “warm floor” system. They can also be used in combination.

This heating option is chosen in cases where you want to get rid of the heating circuit pipeline, as well as radiators that, according to the owners, spoil the interior of the premises.

In addition to convectors, the rooms can be equipped with a system of cable or film infrared "warm floor". The simplest and most affordable, both in terms of price and complexity of installation, is the film version. It can be equipped with ordinary linoleum or laminate and does not require hiding with a screed.

When using two different types of heating devices for heating, they can be combined into one system for ease of control by connecting to a common monitoring and control unit. With the help of automation, temperature regimes can be set for different times of the day, as well as for the days of the week. If there is no desire to complicate the heating settings, then the system can also be adjusted manually by setting the desired temperature directly on the convectors or on the “warm floor” thermostat. This option is convenient in that you can set different temperatures in each of the rooms.

You may be interested in information on how

* * * * * * *

Let's sum up the electric independent heating of the apartment.

If electricity is chosen as the source of energy, then in order to ensure safety, it is necessary to equip a ground loop. Without its installation, the commission may not issue a permit for the operation of autonomous heating.

Electric heating, unlike gas, is a safer option. Compared to central heating, it also has the advantage of being able to precisely set the desired temperature, as well as paying only when it is actually used.

The disadvantage of heating from the power supply can be called the fact that if the electricity is turned off for any reason, the apartment will remain not only without light, but also without heat. And if in the area where the apartment is located, power outage is a constant phenomenon, then it is better to give preference to gas equipment.

In addition, electric heating is still a very "expensive pleasure", especially since the upward trend in electricity tariffs looks depressingly stable.

But if, nevertheless, it is the electric option that is chosen, then you should listen to the recommendations of experts:

• For heating from electricity, it is necessary to stretch a dedicated power cable from the switchboard.
• For autonomous electric heating, it is necessary to install a residual current device (RCD) or a differential machine. They are designed to protect against damage in case of current leakage to the body of electrical appliances. This is especially true if the circuit is assembled from metal pipes.
• In order to save as much as possible on electricity consumption when using it at night grace hours or at weekend rates, it is recommended to install a multi-tariff meter.

Some nuances of installation work on the installation of an autonomous heating system for an apartment

All work related to the reconstruction of the heating system in the apartment is carried out only by specialists of companies that provide heat supply to the housing stock. The task of the masters will be the following actions:

• Temporary shutdown of house central heating mains.
• Cutting the heating circuit or heating radiators from the risers with the subsequent restoration of the integrity of these risers.
• Connecting a closed circuit of an apartment to a gas or electric heater.
• Testing the installed system.

These rules are in place to ensure the safety of both the owners of a particular apartment and the residents of the entire building.

On your own (with your own hands or with the invitation of experienced plumbers) you can install pipes and install heating batteries if you plan to completely change the circuit. This is usually done after cutting off the radiators in the rooms from the risers. It is worth taking on such work if you have good skills in conducting plumbing installation operations. At the same time, the assembly of a new heating circuit is carried out strictly according to the scheme attached to the design documents, with strict observance of the specification and all other parameters of the system being created.

* * * * * * *

Before you decide to reconstruct the heating and hot water supply in the apartment, refusing the services of centralized heating in favor of autonomous heating, you need to carefully consider all the points. In addition, it is recommended to calculate the cost of arrangement and the possibility of savings in the operation of an autonomous system. After weighing all the pros & cons, you can make the final decision.

By the way, we should not forget that, alas, you still have to pay for general house heating. True, these amounts will be incomparably small compared to those that came earlier monthly and year-round.

You might be interested in knowing what is

Finally - a video in which the owner of the apartment, who has been using an autonomous gas heating system for more than a year, shares his vision of its advantages and disadvantages.

Video: Autonomous heating in the apartment - "pros" and "cons"

Evgeny AfanasievChief Editor

Publication author 19.08.2018

Reading time: 5 minutes

Heating is one of the most expensive and often the least quality utilities for apartment building residents. Despite the astronomical amounts on receipts, not all apartment buildings have a temperature in a dwelling during the heating season that meets the established standards. Therefore, more and more people are thinking about abandoning the centralized service and switching to individual gas heating in the apartment. To fulfill such a desire is quite realistic, but for this you need to make efforts in collecting documents for the reconstruction of housing and passing through all instances.

Heating a city apartment: features and problems

The traditional centralized heating system in most apartment buildings, as a rule, functions according to the same principle, but differs in the way the coolant is supplied. Each of these principles has its pros and cons:

• dependent. Heat enters the individual radiators directly from the CHP without additional distribution, the temperature is maintained without the inclusion of a thermal unit in the process;
• independent. From the central boiler house, heat is supplied to the MKD heating unit and distributed to the apartments with the possibility of additional adjustment of the hot water temperature using circular pumps.

There are two types of systems - open and closed. The type of connection is one- and two-pipe. With such a heat supply scheme, even under the conditions of the standard temperature of the coolant, at the initial stage, poor permeability may occur due to the formation of an air lock or clogging of pipes.

Similar problems do not arise if gas heating is installed in an apartment building.

It should also be remembered that almost the entire housing stock of the Russian Federation was built in the last century according to various building codes and regulations. When installing new heating, differences in SNiPs, according to which equipment and equipment were installed (materials, methods of connecting elements, etc.), will no longer be the cause of cold batteries.

Advantages of gas heating systems

Heating in private houses and apartments of MKD can be carried out using gas. This type of heating is reliable and inexpensive to operate. Heating is carried out by gas, which is transported through pipelines, or at the expense of bottled fuel.

Gas individual heating in the apartment can only be arranged by connecting the boiler to the main pipeline. Bottled gas is not used for heating apartments in MKD.

The undoubted advantages of gas heating include economic efficiency and cleanliness.

Another advantage is automatic temperature control if an individual boiler using gas is installed.

Modern systems have high tightness and reliable protection that prevents gas contamination of the surrounding air by turning off the gas supply if its content reaches 0.4%.

Autonomous heating in the apartment

Deciding to improve efficiency and reduce heating costs, apartment building owners are wondering if it is possible to install a gas boiler in an apartment with central heating. Replacing centralized heating with an autonomous circuit is a feasible task, the only obstacle to which may be improper operating conditions for a gas boiler.

The main condition for installing a gas boiler in an apartment is the presence of a special chimney.

An obstacle to installation may be low pressure in the gas pipeline network, designed only for kitchen gas stoves. In this situation, connecting a boiler can further reduce the pressure in the system. Therefore, it is desirable to install equipment equipped with a closed combustion chamber with a coaxial chimney.

The choice of model depends on the specific needs of the owner.

Find out more about what conditions you need to meet in order to get permission for.

What you need to install a gas boiler in an apartment

Before finally abandoning centralized heating, you should study the requirements of legislative and regulatory documents. In accordance with Part 1 of Art. 25 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation and clause 1.7.1 of the Rules and Regulations for the technical operation of the housing stock, approved by the Decree of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Construction and the Housing and Communal Complex dated September 27, 2003 No. 170, replacing heating equipment and heating an apartment using a gas boiler is a reconstruction residential premises.

According to Part 1 of Art. 26 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, such events should be carried out in compliance with legislative norms in agreement with the local government and on the basis of its decision.

The first step will be to obtain an opinion from the gas supply organization on the technical feasibility of installing autonomous gas heating in the apartment in a particular MKD. Then you need to write an application for refusing the service to the heat supply organization, having previously ordered a rework project from Gorgaz.

In order to refuse the central heating service and switch to individual, it is necessary to collect a package of documents, which includes:

• application for reorganization;
• title documents for residential premises (originals or notarized copies);
• registration certificate for the premises;
• written consent of all family members;
• residential renovation project
• the conclusion of the body for the protection of architectural monuments, confirming the possibility of reorganization.

After receiving the project documentation, you need to sign the fire safety act of the project at the local branch of the All-Russian Voluntary Fire Society (VDPO).

The next stage is the coordination of documentation in the administration. The decision on approval/refusal is made within 45 calendar days.

In case of failure to provide the necessary documents, the refusal to reorganize the premises may be motivated by Art. 27 LCD RF. The applicant has the right to challenge the negative answer in court.

The nuances of the device of the gas heating system

A heating gas boiler is a device that heats the coolant by burning gas. The equipment is usually equipped with:

• heat-insulated housing;
• hydraulic block;
• heat exchanger;
• gas burner;
• control and safety devices.

Depending on the type of gas boiler, the scheme for connecting heating batteries to the boiler will differ.

Gas boilers are floor and wall, and heating systems are single-circuit and double-circuit. The latter are more common and more common in apartment buildings.

Using the example of a two-circuit system device, you can familiarize yourself with the set of equipment and the sequence of its connection.

Rules for installing gas equipment in an apartment

Before you install a gas boiler in an apartment, you should make sure that all the requirements for the equipment itself, the room where it is planned to be installed, and the installation method are met. The main conditions should include:

• installation exclusively by a specialized installation organization;
• departure to the installation site of a gas service engineer before opening the gas valve leading to the boiler. The employee will check the correct connection of the equipment and issue an appropriate conclusion.

The boiler is connected according to the operating and installation instructions. When installing, you should take into account the features of the room where it will be located, as well as the location of the gas boiler.

The principle of choosing a gas boiler

When selecting the unit, the economic, sanitary and technical indicators of the device, as well as the thermal regime of the premises, are taken into account.

Reliable and safe operation of the heating system depends on the correct calculation of the boiler power. The calculation includes:

• building heat loss;
• coefficients that take into account possible adverse conditions and the climatic zone of the area.

The main differences between gas boilers are their power. According to this indicator, they are divided into devices:

• high power - up to 15,000 kW;
• medium power - up to 1,700 kW;
• low power - from 4 to 65 kW.

When choosing, it must be borne in mind that wall-mounted gas boilers have low power, and floor-mounted ones have medium and high power.

Boiler installation features

Each type of gas boilers has its own installation algorithm, however, during installation there are 2 general conditions: the dimensions of the room and its purpose.

The height of the room in which the boiler is installed must be at least 2.5 m, and the area must be at least 15 m3. Existence of ventilation and an extract - obligatory requirements.

It is forbidden to install gas equipment in the bathroom, toilet and living rooms.

The system is pre-pressurized to P=1.8 atm, and then de-aired. After that, all elements of the connections are checked for tightness.

The installation of a voltage stabilizer is mandatory and the installation of an uninterruptible power supply is highly desirable. This is necessary for the stable operation of electronic control elements.

The first start-up precedes the filling of the system with water. To do this, the device must be turned off. To avoid the formation of air bubbles, the heating system should be filled with water gradually.

Installation of any gas equipment should be carried out at a temperature of +5 to +35 degrees. In frost, such work is not carried out.

conclusions

To replace centralized heating in an MKD with an autonomous one, you need to obtain permission from the authorized bodies, order a housing reconstruction project and install gas equipment in accordance with legislative and technical standards. Before you make gas heating in an apartment building, you should make sure that its installation in a dwelling is possible and complies with sanitary standards and safety conditions.

Lawyer. Member of the Chamber of Advocates of St. Petersburg. Experience more than 10 years. Graduated from St. Petersburg State University. I specialize in civil, family, housing, land law.

• aluminum. They are distinguished by a high level of heat transfer and low weight, but are sensitive to the parameters of the coolant and are prone to the formation of air pockets. Aluminum radiators can be used as heating devices if the composition of the working medium is controlled and a Mayevsky valve is installed on each radiator to bleed air;
• cast iron. Batteries made of cast iron are resistant to corrosion, retain their functionality for a long time and are insensitive to the quality of the coolant. They have a large weight and a lower level of heat transfer, but remain warm for a long time due to inertness. Cast iron radiators heat up slowly and complicate the process of regulating the temperature in the room;
• bimetallic. Such heating devices are free from the disadvantages of models made of cast iron and aluminum. Bimetallic batteries have a high heat transfer, are not prone to corrosion and do not require special cleaning of the coolant. The cost of radiators pays off due to the long service life and the ability to save on heating costs when installing thermostats.

Since the pressure in autonomous networks with a gas boiler does not exceed 4-5 bar, all battery options can be used for space heating.

Radiator connection diagrams

According to the method of supplying the coolant, heating systems are single-pipe and two-pipe. They are represented by several connection options, which differ in the principle of operation and design features.

Among single-pipe schemes for one-story and two-story buildings with a small number of rooms, the most optimal is Leningradka with forced circulation. To balance the system, radiators are equipped with bypasses, and the installation of shut-off valves and thermostats allows for repairs and temperature control.

The two-pipe scheme is more difficult to install and requires more materials and components during assembly. Co-current networks are a popular option, since they do not need additional balancing. When installing a circuit with forced circulation, it is possible to combine radiators with a "warm floor" system. Additional heating pipes are laid in separate rooms of the building or placed on one of the floors.

Battery Connection Steps

The procedure for connecting radiators in a heating network with a gas boiler depends on the scheme and its design features. Among the rules for installing heating equipment, the following can be distinguished:

• in systems with natural circulation, it is necessary to ensure the slope of the direct and return lines, and the boiler is placed below the level of the batteries;
• for the safe operation of the boiler, it is necessary to install a gas filter and a safety group with a safety valve, an automatic air vent and a pressure gauge;
• obligatory elements of the heating system are a coarse filter to remove impurities from the coolant, ball valves and a thermostatic valve.

When installing a combined heating network, which combines radiators and a "warm floor", the connection to the boiler is carried out using a distribution manifold. It evenly distributes the coolant, and the same heating is provided by installing a circulation pump in each circuit.

To control the temperature in the premises and increase the efficiency of heating networks, TM Ogint offers Mayevsky taps, thermostats and shut-off valves. They are installed during the installation of radiators and allow you to timely remove air from the system, maintain the desired microclimate and repair individual devices.