Various types of painting. Types of folk painting. Gorodets painting on wood

One of the oldest types of creativity and drawing is wood painting. This method of decoration was widespread in Rus', with the help of paints they painted wooden boards, decorated panels, trays and caskets. To learn how to decorate wooden objects on your own, you just need to learn the basic painting techniques.

This type of arts and crafts has been passed down from generation to generation. Adults together with children depicted original patterns based on folk motifs, which were later framed. Decorating with the help of painting various interior items was considered popular. In this form, this art has reached the present day, when furniture, dishes, toys, musical instruments are decorated with decorative wood painting.

As a material for the work of the master, coloring compositions for various purposes are used. You can paint on wood with gouache, acrylic, watercolor and even oil. It will not be difficult even for a child to make a beautiful painted board for cutting food on their own: the whole process consists of selecting a picture, transferring it to the surface, and gradually decorating it. It is important to achieve the right combination of colors so that the boards look harmonious.

Painting techniques are of three types:

Khokhloma - characterized by a black background, as well as yellow and red colors, where fancy flowers are depicted.

- the main motifs are drawings dedicated to urban scenes, epics and flower arrangements.

- a type of drawing on wood, the main subjects of which are ornaments and horses.

To learn how to paint on wood, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic techniques, which can be found in the following sections.

How to paint a kitchen board with acrylic paints?

Acrylic paints are the most convenient material for getting acquainted with folk art and mastering technology. They have sufficient density, they can be mixed to achieve a spectacular image. After painting a wooden board with such paints, it is not necessary to varnish the surface, because acrylic creates a strong protective film.

For work you will need:

cutting board with a smooth surface;
specified paints of the required colors;
brushes;
stencils for painting.

Choose high-quality artistic acrylic paints that have sufficient density - this is how the drawing will be saturated.

The surface of the board should be flat, if there are protrusions on it - it is recommended to use sandpaper and sand the plane of the tree. After that, the masters recommend impregnating the base with white acrylic so that subsequent sketches lie flat on the board. While the workpiece is drying, it is necessary to transfer the drawing to the tree, how to do this can be found in the last section of this material.

The peculiarity of the products obtained after painting is that they have a bright and saturated color. It is necessary to start painting the board with large elements of the picture, gradually moving on to smaller details. To highlight individual details of the image, paint them with a thin brush in black or white.

After painting on wood with acrylic paints, the product must be thoroughly dried. The next step will be varnishing the board, if further use of the product for its intended purpose is expected. If the finished result will perform only a decorative function, then it is not necessary to varnish the board - painting with acrylic paints will independently stick to the tree.

On the video: painting a cutting board with acrylic paints.

Painting a tree with watercolors and its features

The technology of painting wooden bases with watercolors involves the rapid application of paint to the surface. Some argue that watercolor is completely unsuitable for such coatings, because abundant wetting of the tree leads to its damage. You can correct the situation and learn how to paint on wood with watercolors correctly - you just need to choose the right technique.

For beginners, painting with watercolors should not be a difficult procedure; you can practice on wooden blanks in the form of nesting dolls. After translating the drawing, it is necessary to draw 1 time with a wet brush over the part of the workpiece that needs to be painted. This is done for better adhesion of the paint. In stages, large areas are first painted, after which colors are added to the details.

The use of watercolor on wood has a number of features:

the ability to create light and airy images, equipping them with shadows and color transitions;
lack of relief stroke, which cannot be said about painting wooden bases with acrylic or oil paints;
a face painted on a tree in watercolor most accurately truthfully conveys shades;
the possibility of mixing watercolors with other types of paints for painting on wood.

The finished product can be coated with a transparent varnish. Backgrounds on panels are also decorated with watercolors, because this paint is a pigment diluted with water, which is best suited for large areas.

Gouache for painting as an alternative

A cutting board for the kitchen is one of the practical items of regular use. In order for this accessory to please the eye every day, it is recommended to paint it, you can do this with gouache paints on wood. Such a coloring material is similar to acrylic, but loses a little in saturation.

Painting on wood with gouache consists of the following steps:

Board grinding. If the surface of the product was not smooth enough, it must be polished with sandpaper.
Structure protection. If the board does not have a varnish coating, it must be treated with stain.
Priming. For this, acrylic of any suitable color is used. The wooden board should be carefully covered with paint without gaps. This will facilitate easy and quick coloring.
Drawing. After the translation of the image or independent drawing, you need to start painting on the board. For beginners, it is better to choose simple ornaments or floral motifs. Before painting the tree with gouache, you can add a little PVA glue to the jar for better adhesion.
Lacquering. After the end of the process, it is recommended to open the product with varnish. You can use any composition that is at home, but odorless acrylic varnish is considered the most suitable.

The master class presented below in the photo is designed for people who do not have skills in painting kitchen boards. Painting on wood brings pleasure, and the result delights everyone around.

It is necessary to apply varnish on the finished product in several layers, but after the previous layer has completely dried. The kitchen is a place where moisture is constantly exposed, so this stage is considered mandatory.

Methods for transferring a drawing to a base

Some lovers of wood painting only with experience begin to draw pictures on wood on their own. Beginners cannot afford such an activity, so the question arises, what are the ways to transfer a picture onto a wooden base? You can find out more about them below:

Carbon paper. This method is considered the simplest - it requires the presence of an ordinary dark or (in the case of a black base) white carbon paper. The printed sheet is superimposed on a carbon paper, under which a wooden blank is placed. With the help of a pen, the drawing is completely outlined along the contour. As a result, an image is formed on the workpiece, which can be painted. The resulting painted product is neat.

Tracing paper. To make the painting have beautiful borders, you can use tracing paper. To do this, it is applied to the prepared drawing and outlined along the contours. Next, the sheet is turned over and generously rubbed with graphite. After that, the tracing paper is applied to the tree and the image is circled with a sharp object. Using this method, it is possible to draw even the most complex patterns.

Soap. The method is similar to the previous one, but it is good when the painting templates are transferred to a black surface. It is necessary to repeat the same operations, only rub the tracing paper not with graphite, but with soap.

To hone your skills, experts recommend using different techniques for painting on wood. It’s also good to draw on a former wooden base under a tray, on a box or other things. The received products can be given as a gift or decorate the house with them.

Wood painting workshops (2 videos)

Different options and ideas (30 photos)

Since ancient times, people have paid attention to the beauty of nature. The desire to decorate your primitive life and make it cozy led to the fact that they began to decorate the dwelling with various natural elements. It was the skin of an animal underfoot, drawings on the wall, colored stones, shining metal, and much more. Centuries later, plates, spoons, bowls began to be painted. Each region has its own dishes.

Types of styles

The skill of decorating one's own houses arose almost simultaneously with the development of people's culture and has its own distinctive features that are characteristic of individual areas:

Khokhloma painting;
Gorodets;
Zhostovo;
Gzhel.

The imagination of our ancestors knew no bounds, but the differences in the drawings are still obvious. Each area has a peculiar ornament and handwriting.

The emergence of Khokhloma painting

Near the old Volga forests near the Uzola River there are Russian villages - Khryashchi, Kuligino, Semino, Novopokrovskoye, Khokhloma. Ware, painted with various gilded patterns, originates from here.

Unfortunately, it is not possible to accurately establish the beginning of the appearance of Khokhloma painting. After all, all the dishes were made of wood, wore out quickly, were thrown away or thrown into the oven, like an ordinary log.

Products of the 19th century have survived to our time. But, judging by historical papers, the craft originated in the 17th century.

The unique technique of Khokhloma - painting with black paint and cinnabar is performed on a gold base - is found in ancient Russian art.

Features of Khokhloma painting

The masters have their own secret of how to “goldenize” kitchen utensils. A simple way to cover dishes with gold has survived to our times:

dishes were carefully rubbed with tin powder;
covered with drying oil;
heated in an oven;
under the influence of high temperature, the drying oil turned yellow, tin was visible through it, the effect of gold was obtained.

It is believed that this method of painting dishes belongs to the Old Believers. Previously, in remote villages there were many fugitives who suffered persecution for the "old faith". Among them were masters of icon painting and book miniatures.

Khokhloma patterns

Inexpensive dishes for everyday use can be recognized immediately. It was made with special stamps from a raincoat mushroom or a felt piece of fabric, the patterns turned out to be elementary, but did not lose their beauty. Numerous rhombuses, spirals and leaves are visible on such products.

More expensive dishes were painted more skillfully. The compositions were created with a brush by hand. There is much more work here. Masters drew:

berries (raspberries, strawberries, mountain ash);
flowers (cornflowers, clover, violets).

This is how painted spoons, plates, mugs and much more were created.

The main colors characteristic of Khokhloma painting are red (cinnabar) and black (soot). But in order for the drawing to come to life and bloom, brown, green, blue, orange and yellow shades were added to the products.

Types of painting

Gradually, Khokhloma products became souvenir gifts or decorations from household items, and not cheap ones at that.

There are main types of painting dishes:

"Horse" - the main composition - kriul - is superimposed on a silvery background. Further, droplets, antennae, curls are added to it in red and black.
“Under the background” - at first, the silhouette of the ornament looms, and the background is filled with black paint.

On the dishes can be a variety of types of ornaments:

"Grass" - the emphasis is on drawing small and large blades of grass.
"Gingerbread" - inside the masterpiece is a painted geometric figure. It can be a rhombus, a square, a circle. It is painted with berries, flowers and grass.
"Kudrina" - a pattern is applied on a red or black base in the form of golden leaves and flowers in the manner of curls.

Khokhloma is an amazing work of art, despite the dark colors, warmth and joy emanates from it.

History of Zhostovo painting

Another of the famous types of painting dishes is. It is famous for the fact that for almost two centuries they decorate one thing - this is a tray. The village of Zhostovo is located in the Mytishchensky district near Moscow.

In the 18th century, in the Urals, where the metallurgical plants of the Demidovs were built (Nizhny Tagil, Verkh-Neyvinsk, Nevyansk), a craft arose - painted metal trays.

The birth of such a craft near Moscow was caused by some important factors:

The Russian serf craftsman Khudoyarov discovered the recipe for “crystal” lacquer; it did not crack on copper, wood and iron.
Start of production in St. Petersburg of an unusual shape of trays with interesting drawings.
The opening of the workshops of F. N. Vishnyakov in Zhostovo in the 1820s. Painted lacquered papier-mache products were produced here: trays, caskets, snuff boxes, boxes, stamps.

Products were made in villages near Moscow - Troitsky, Novoseltsevo, Ostashkov. Only in the village of Zhostovo there were 22 workshops. The objects were very beautiful. They depicted landscapes, winter troikas of horses, summer walks, tea parties at the table. But, unfortunately, these gizmos turned out to be fragile and impractical.

The appearance of Zhostovo iron trays

Osip, the son of Philip Vishnyakov, decided not to make papier-mâché anymore, but took up the production of iron trays. As the demand for trays increased. They were used both for interior decoration and for their intended purpose. Zhostovo trays were seen in drinking establishments, the famous tea houses of Moscow, taverns, hotels and merchant houses. Collections of Spanish and British kings can boast of having Zhostovo trays.

Demand creates supply, and in 1960 the Zhostovo painting factory was founded.

Mastery Secrets

Watching the long and painstaking process, you can see how the craftsmen still observe the old technique of execution.

Zamalevok. The basis of the future pattern. Sketches of the future drawing are made on the prepared plane with diluted paint.
Tanya. Colored shadows are applied with translucent paints. A visible volume of flowers is created and shadow areas of plants appear.
Color lining. This is the most important stage of the Zhostovo layer-by-layer painting. The appearance of the bouquet is formed, the whole composition is lightened or darkened, important small details are determined.
Glare. Thanks to this action, volume and light appear, a combination of features and mood are well conveyed.
Drawing. The final part of the image. The artist manually applies small but significant details.
Binding. The bouquet, as it were, spreads under the background of the product. Thin stalks and tendrils appear magically in a single whole and unite with the background.
Cleaning the edges of the tray. The side of the tray is decorated with all sorts of patterns. Without it, the work will seem unfinished.
Mirror shine. With the help of chalk powder, the tray is rubbed with palms to a shine, then rubbed with paraffin, this makes the product shine even more.

Zhostovo trays have been around for many years, but none of them is alike.

Painting features

The background is usually chosen black, in rare cases red, blue or green. The artist paints several trays at once.

The main direction is a flower bouquet, in which small wild flowers and large garden flowers are alternately drawn.

Patterns are drawn with gold powder diluted in transparent lacquer or turpentine or gulfabra - white paint mixed with lacquer, it is sprinkled with aluminum powder.

By value, trays are divided into two groups: for decorating the interior and for domestic purposes.

Gorodets painting

Refers to one of the Russian types of painting dishes. Gorodets painting originates in the 19th century near the city of Gorodets in the Nizhnegorsky Trans-Volga region, on the left bank of the Volga. This is an ancient Russian city-fortress. It all started with a spinning wheel, which featured a bottom and a comb.

Carriages, ladies, horsemen, soldiers, dogs - all this adorned the bottom of the spinning wheels. The figurines were cut out of wood of a different breed and inserted into the corresponding hole.

Gorodets painting took 50 years to develop. Children's wheelchairs, chairs, boxes were painted. The peak of development of the fishery came in 1990.

Painting motifs

The most common elements of Gorodets painting are flowers and animals. From such images breathes comfort and peace.

Painted spoons, furniture and utensils in the Gorodets joyful style refreshed and enlivened the interior.

Flower painting in execution is the simplest. There are several types of ornament:

"Bouquet" - applied symmetrically, present mainly on dishes or cutting boards.
"Garland" - one or two flowers are located in the center, smaller flowers and leaves spread from them in all directions. Bread bins, dishes, caskets are painted with this pattern.
"Rhombus" - a type of garland. There is a flower or several in the center, and the leaves and buds decrease as they approach the tops of the rhombus. And they are located on the imaginary edges of the figure. Chests, benches, cabinets were decorated with such images.
"Flower stripe" - has remained since the days of spinning wheels. This is a repeating ribbon pattern of flowers of the same size, diluted with leaves. Decorate bulk items.
"Wreath" - similar to the "flower strip". The difference is that it closes around the edges of the lid or dish.

In the flower painting there are images of a bird and a horse. Usually they are drawn inside a flower garland. Elements of Gorodets painting found their place in large items: panels, sleighs, dishes and caskets.

Images can be very different: dashing riders, scenes with tea drinking, beautiful birds, pretty girls with dogs, exotic lions and leopards. Most often there is a proud horse or a warlike rooster.

Execution method

The technique of artistic painting is different in that it is performed directly on a wooden base. The base is primed in different colors - bright blue, rich green, deep red.

The object is painted with a brush without a preliminary sketch. The artist changes the pressure of the brush: now with a broad stroke, now with the tip, drawing another masterpiece.

History of Gzhel

One of the ancient pottery regions includes about 30 villages. It is called Gzhel. It is located near Moscow near the river Gzhelka. In these places, the richest deposits of clay were discovered.

Gzhel is mentioned for the first time in written documents dating back to 1339. It was a profitable volost and was the property of princes and kings.

In the 18th century, Gzhel became a Russian majolica manufacturing center. A century later, Gzhel began to produce semi-faience, painted with cobalt and covered with transparent glaze. Closer to the 20th century, Gzhel masters made masterpieces from fine faience and porcelain, decorating it with floral and geometric patterns.

The subject of the drawing

Gzhel painted ware reflects the events taking place in urban and rural life, as well as natural phenomena. Drawings are divided into three main groups:

Vegetable. Here, all vegetation has a stylized appearance with basic features. You can see berries, blades of grass, cuttings, flowers and leaves.
Ornamental patterns. Original and stylized drawings that show the artist's association and self-expression. It is performed with ornamental nets - "antennae", "blades of grass", "droplets", "combs" and "pearls".
Story painting. These are sleigh rides, fairs and seasons.

Gzhel is a whole stylistic direction, and not just patterns. It is used in the production of ceramics, in the design of clothing and interior design.

In such a miraculous way, Gzhel masterpieces arise and fly around the globe, “like fairy-tale birds”. Therefore, the blue bird in Gzhel is a brand of modern painting.

The main features of the painting:

surface glazing;
cold white background;
ornament in blue and blue tones;
a complex pattern or drawing in a folk style;
only handmade.

Each item is hand-painted and is a work of art. All drawings are unique.

Artistic painting of Gzhel

Gzhel technique requires certain skills. The master starts painting any thing immediately after firing. One of the paintings in the Gzhel style is called majolica, it is signed with the “five-flower”. A pattern was applied to white enamel, which is the basis.

Colors for painting used to be taken from salts:

green - copper salt;
yellow - antimony salt;
cherry - manganese;
blue - cobalt.

Soon this technique was abandoned and they began to perform a cobalt blue pattern on a snow-white base. Drawing a picture required talent, a spatula, a brush, a jar of cobalt oxide. It is cobalt that gives such a wonderful shade of blue, but only after firing the painted dishes, and the paint itself is black.

First, the product is painted, then it is dipped in glaze and placed in an oven for drying. The last stage of firing is carried out at a temperature of 1400 degrees. The glaze turns into a thin, light-transmitting film, covering the blue pattern.

Thanks to the atmosphere of folk non-academic art, the purity and originality of patterns, the Gzhel blue bird was honored to be the emblem of the Gzhel porcelain factory.

In the age of technology and change, it seems that there is no place for cute painted things, and you can admire them only in museums. But to this day in the Russian state there are workshops that have preserved the old traditions of artistic painting, and continue to delight the eyes of people who are not indifferent to such art.

Khokhloma- an old Russian folk craft, born in the 17th century in the district of Nizhny Novgorod. The painting is done in red, green and black on a gold background. The traditional elements of Khokhloma are red juicy rowan and strawberry berries, flowers and branches. Often there are birds, fish and animals.

Gzhel- one of the traditional Russian centers for the production of ceramics. The word "Gzhel" comes, perhaps, from "burn". For the first time, the Gzhel area is mentioned among others in the spiritual writing of Ivan Kalita. The colors of Gzhel painting are juicy blue, bright blue, cornflower blue, color.

Zhostovo painting - folk craft of artistic painting of metal trays, existing in the village of Zhostovo, Mytishchi district, Moscow region.
The painting is usually done on a black background, sometimes on red, blue, green, silver, and the master works on several trays at once.
The main motif of the painting is a floral bouquet of a simple composition, in which large garden and small wild flowers alternate.

Mezen painting - one of the most ancient Russian art crafts. Its origins are lost in the distant centuries of the initial formation of the Slavic tribes.
The main motifs are geometric ornaments - solar discs, rhombuses, crosses - reminiscent of similar elements of trihedral-notched carving. Available in two colors black and red. The painted object was covered with drying oil, which protected the paint from erasing and gave the product a golden color.

Gorodets painting - Russian folk art craft. It has existed since the middle of the 19th century in the area of the city of Gorodets. Gorodets craftsmen used a peculiar technique - inlay: the figures were cut out of wood of a different breed and inserted into a recess corresponding in shape. Inserts made of dark bog oak stand out in relief against the light surface of the bottom. Thus, having only two shades of wood and a simple tool, craftsmen turned the surface of the bottom board into a real picture. Later, masters began to use tinting for visual richness, a bright combination of yellow with dark oak, the addition of blue, green, red colors made the bottom even more elegant and colorful.

Permogorie- this is a pier on the highest, mountainous bank of the Northern Dvina. The villages of Bolshoi Bereznik are located 4 kilometers from it. These villages, united by the common name Wet Evdoma, were the center of Permogorsk painting.
The basis of Permogorsk painting is a floral pattern. Three-lobed, slightly curved leaves with sharp tips and tulip-shaped flowers are strung on flexible shoots, reminiscent of the ancient krin flower. Among them are bushes made of rounded leaves, sirens, elegant fabulous birds. In the folk paintings of the Permogorye of the 19th century, various genre scenes from peasant life usually fit into the floral pattern on almost all household items.

It would seem that artistic painting no longer has a place in the pragmatic 21st century, and now you can admire it only in museums. However, so far in Russia you can find flourishing workshops that have preserved the ancient traditions of various artistic painting and continue to amaze modern inhabitants with their skill.

Zhostovo

origins Zhostovo painting date back to the beginning of the 19th century. At that time, in several neighboring villages of the former Troitskaya volost (now the Mytishchi district of the Moscow region), handicraft workshops arose that were engaged in the manufacture of painted decorative products from papier-mâché coated with varnish. Artists painted boxes, cigarette cases, sugar bowls and metal trays. Gradually, the number of trays produced increased, thereby displacing other products.
The main motives of the painting are flower bouquets. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the advent of Soviet power, the villages were united into the Metallopodnos artel, and the craftsmen had a hard time when new plots for drawing were imposed on them, dictated by the then realism trends. However, the artists managed to preserve their originality, and the Zhostovo trays passed from the category of household items into decorative panels, which are valued not only in Russia, but also abroad.

Khokhloma

Khokhloma originated in the 17th century in the vicinity of Nizhny Novgorod. The name of the craft came from the village of Khokhloma, where finished products were brought from nearby villages. The founders of this painting on wood are called the Old Believers, who fled from the new church order. It was they who owned the secrets of the "golden" painting on dishes.
By the way, the basis of the painting is not golden, but silvery tin powder. A special composition is applied on top of it, then it is subjected to heat treatment, and only then they begin to paint. The main motifs of Khokhloma are bunches of mountain ash, berries, leaves and flowers.

Gzhel

Gzhel called the hallmark of Russia in the field of applied crafts. It is believed that Gzhel dates back to the 14th century. Some argue that the name comes from the river Gzhelka (Gzholka), on which there was a village where the masters lived. Others believe that "Gzhel" is a paraphrase of the word "zhgel", i.e. firing of ceramics. 60 km from Moscow there is a "Gzhel bush", which consists of 27 villages, where they are engaged in firing and painting of ceramic products. They were painted with cobalt blue in two ways: overglaze and underglaze. First, the drawing was applied to wet clay, and then again to the glaze. The craft of Gzhel dishes flourished, because the rich used silverware, and ordinary people used coarse pottery of various sizes. Over time, Gzhel became accessible to all segments of the population, but it did not lose its beauty and demand.

Fedoskino

The village of Fedoskino (Moscow region) is famous for painting with varnishes. In the 18th century, the Lukutinskaya factory for the production of lacquer visors for hats was located near the village. Then she changed direction, and 80 civilian workers took up painting papier-mâché and wood lacquer products. The amazing glow and brilliance of caskets and other miniatures was achieved by “writing through”. This was the name of the technique when, before drawing itself, a thin layer of gold leaf, mother-of-pearl was applied to the surface. The most popular subjects for drawing are connected with the life of the common people.

Mezen painting

Like many other folk crafts, Mezen painting got its name from the area in which it developed - in this case, from the name of the Mezen River, located in the Arkhangelsk region. The technique in which the masters work goes back to the ancient Slavic tribes. The main ornaments are rhombuses, crosses, solar discs, repeated in a certain sequence.
In the Mezen painting on wood, only two colors dominate - black (soot) and reddish (ocher). Basically, ornaments are applied to household items: boxes, spinning wheels, ladles. After painting the utensils, drying oil is applied to it, which protects the drawing from erasure and gives it additional shine.
Many modern artists continue to engage in ancient crafts, while introducing something of their own. So the artist from Izhevsk

Wood painting occupies an important place in the cultural heritage of Ancient Rus'. Vases, tablets, caskets, chests, wooden utensils, wall panels, trays, spinning wheels were painted with bright colors and passed down from generation to generation.

Painted household and interior items adorn houses, apartments and modern lovers of this ancient art. Today, the decor of furniture, dishes, musical instruments and various souvenirs is widely used.

Before deciding which style is suitable for a beginner, you need to familiarize yourself with the classics. There are many techniques and types of wood painting. Both adults and children have been engaged in this art since ancient times. They depicted flowers and scenes from epics on wooden utensils, interior items, and panels. Ornaments, drawings, patterns - in each county had features and significance. Often the painting got its name from the name of the city where the technique originated.

The main place in this art form is occupied by classical painting on wood.

It includes:

Mezenskaya;
Khokhloma;
Severodvinskaya;
Gorodetskaya.

Mezen decor

Mezen painting is one of the oldest types of decoration. It originated even before the baptism of ancient Rus'. This is displayed in the ornament, which contains pagan symbols.

For this species, a characteristic feature is the use of geometric figures in the drawings - rhombuses, crosses, disks, as well as schematic images of horses and deer. Each element has its own meaning. The color scheme is black and red.

The tree is not primed before work, painted with red paint, then a black edging is made.

Originated in the 17th century in the vicinity of Nizhny Novgorod. Differs in brightness and a saturation of a color palette. To depict flowers, berries, branches, less often animals and birds, three primary colors are used: black, red and yellow (gold), one of which is background.

Khokhloma uses the ancient icon painting technique of gilding. To save money, the background is painted with silver or tin, then the main image is applied and covered with boiled linseed oil (linseed oil) several times (each layer is dried separately in an oven). From the high temperature, a golden film forms and the silver background shimmers with gold. Wooden products are painted by hand without preliminary contouring.

This wood painting is called international. From time immemorial, Poles, Old Believers, migrant peasants stopped on the banks of the Northern Dvina River - everyone who wanted to retire and find a quiet place. They contributed to the development of the art of painting in the North.

At You can know the technology in the following ways:

execution of works in yellow, red and black colors;
the use of mythical creatures (mermaids, birds) in images;
the presence of images of a bear and a lion;
division of the world into three parts - earthly, heavenly, underground.

At the wedding, young people were presented with an item depicting a tree of life and a pair of doves.

Gorodets patterns

Gorodets painting, like Khokhloma, appeared in Nizhny Novgorod, only much later - in the 19th century. Plots from fairy tales and epics, urban scenes, flower arrangements are the main images of this technique. The artists applied the drawing without a preliminary sketch, by hand. The products were painted with tempera paints on a bright background.

First of all, the background is applied, then a sketch is applied with large color spots, the drawing is painted with a thin brush, and the painting is completed with thin strokes and white dots for detail and contrast. In addition to the classical painting techniques, there are many others, no less striking: Vladimir, Petrikhov, Gzhel, Volkhov, etc.

Preparation for work

Having studied the main types and techniques of painting, Before working on the product, you need to prepare everything you need for creativity:

It is important for a novice master to properly prepare the surface for work. It is necessary to clean and polish the workpiece with sandpaper. You can use background paint as a primer. After applying and drying the drawing, it is important to fix the result with a transparent varnish, then the work will delight longer with its rich and bright color.

The choice of brushes is also important. For painting, natural brushes are more often used - squirrel, sable and kolinsky. For acrylic painting, synthetic ones are also suitable. The sizes of the brushes are indicated by numbers. The work uses brushes of different sizes, depending on the size of the drawing elements that are painted.

Types of paints

To create a beautiful and high-quality product of saturated color, you need to choose the right paint. Since wood is a material that has different properties (dries out, cracks over time), it is important to choose a paint that is durable and of high quality.

Today, the choice of coloring agents is very wide, depending on the skill and the product itself for creativity, you can choose the best option.

To prevent painted household items and furniture, dishes, toys, souvenirs, caskets and boards from changing their color under the influence of the sun and water, master artists have used tempera paint since time immemorial. Tempera has enough advantages.

Easily soluble in water.
After drying, it cannot be washed out.
It has a uniform texture and covers the pattern with an opaque layer.
It does not crack, unlike analogues.
It is stored in a closed container, does not thicken, does not become moldy.

The paint is made by hand, the process is quite laborious. The base consists of egg yolk, which is triturated with dye.

To date, there are several options for tempera:

It is important to know that tempera paint ingredients do not interact with metals.

To obtain a stable and saturated color of the image, acrylic and oil paint are used. They are easy to use, quite thick in consistency, they can be mixed to achieve a greater effect. Acrylic dries faster than oil paint and has a richer palette of colors - these are their main differences. The main advantage of acrylic is the creation of a protective film on a wooden surface, so there is no need for additional varnishing (with the exception of dishes that will be used later).

Painting on wood with acrylic paints for beginners includes: polishing the workpiece; surface leveling; drawing translation; the painting itself; drying the finished product.

The peculiarity of painting with watercolor on wood is its quick application. Since the wood can deteriorate from an excess of moisture, it is necessary to paint the wooden blank quickly. With the help of watercolor, you can create airy images, shade, make smooth transitions. For greater effect, it can be mixed with other types of paints.

This paint most accurately reproduces natural colors, shades and is ideal for painting portraits. For beginners, for training, you can choose a wooden nesting doll. First you need to transfer the drawing to the product. In order for the paint to lay down better, draw a wet brush over the desired area once. First, large elements of the picture are painted, after which they are given color. After painting, the product is dried and varnished.

Artistic gouache

An alternative to acrylic, oil and watercolor paint for beginners is gouache. However, it is inferior to acrylic paint in brightness and color saturation. The process of painting with gouache is laborious, but fascinating. To create a wooden product you need:

sand and polish the board with sandpaper;
cover the workpiece with stain to protect the structure of the tree;
primed with acrylic paint, choosing the desired color;
transfer the drawing to the board or draw a sketch of the future ornament by hand;
paint the product, first add PVA glue to the gouache so that the paint lays down better;
varnish after finishing work.

Beginning masters and amateurs in the process of working use different ways and methods of translating an image. The ability to draw on wood on your own comes with time and with great experience. Tracing paper is used to translate a complex ornament or pattern. It is applied to a pre-selected pattern, its contours are outlined, turned over and rubbed with graphite. Then the tracing paper must be applied to a wooden surface and circle the image with something sharp.

If the background is dark, you can use soap instead of graphite. The easiest way to translate is carbon copy. A carbon paper is placed between a sheet of paper with a pattern and a blank. The image is outlined with a pen and printed on a wooden surface, after which it is painted with paints.

Wood painting master class for beginners

One of the easiest things to craft is a cutting board.. With it you can start your journey as an aspiring artist.

To prepare the board for work and hide the flaws, it is necessary to prime it. To do this, use potato starch or drying oil. Choose a simple pattern (flowers, leaves) to practice your skills. Transfer the image to the surface using carbon paper. For the first work, choose gouache or acrylic. Start painting the boards with large details, then add color and move on to smaller elements. The last stage of work is coating with transparent varnish several times. Each subsequent layer is applied after the previous one has completely dried. After mastering the technique, you can move on to more complex objects for painting.