How to properly format a table according to GOST. Requirements of guests for the design of scientific papers. General requirements for the design of work
tables- this is one of the most visual forms of presenting material, so they often become a frequent guest in term papers, diplomas and other research papers. With the help of a table, you can compactly place reference material represented by a large number of indicators. These can be any characteristics of the objects under study: qualitative or quantitative. Small tables are placed directly in the course text, but tabular material that occupies several pages is best placed in applications. In order to properly format the tables of the course project, it is necessary to study the traditional document for scientific work - this is GOST 7.32-2001.
How to correctly place a table in the text?
Any tables placed in the text of the course project are placed after the first mention or reference to this material. If the table is large in volume, then it is better that it starts from a new sheet. In addition, tables from the applications section will always start on a separate page.
How to link a table with a coursework text (referencing)?
Not only tables, but also drawings, diagrams, photographs must be accompanied by text, so that the table does not look isolated and does not “hang in the air”, you must always indicate links to tabular material in the text of a scientific study.
Example:
Comparative analysis of indicators of natural growth for 5 years in the suburban area is presented in Table 4.7
Among the tourist and excursion objects of the suburban zone, historical, architectural and objects of the natural reserve fund dominate (Table 2.9)
How to number tables and format headings?
For the numbering of tables, end-to-end numbering in Arabic numerals is usually used - Table 1,2,3 ... n. It is allowed to number the tables in accordance with the sections of the work, then we will get the following entry: Table 3.1 (first the section number is written - 3, and then the serial number of the table in this section - 1). The numbering of tables placed in appendices looks similar. Only in the first place we put the capital letter - this is the designation of the application, and in the second place - the digital designation of the table (Table K.10). If there is only one table in your term paper, then we will arrange it as follows: Table 1. Of course, if you decide to put it in applications, then do not forget to put a letter designation - Table B.1
As for headings, GOST 7.32 - 2001 determines the presence of a heading at the discretion of the author, but universities often require in strict order that tables have titles that briefly describe the content of the tabular material.
The heading should be placed on top of the table, sticking to the left side, paragraph indentation is not needed, however, as well as a dot at the end of the heading. The recording goes like this:
Example:
Table 12 - Temporary boundaries of transport accessibility of the suburban area
How to make a big table?
If your table is large and takes up a lot of space, then it's best to move it to a new sheet. In this case, the name should be replaced by the phrase "Continuation of the table" 1.2. Also, at the end of the table on the first sheet, you should not draw a lower border, since your table has a continuation. In order for the table to fit on a separate sheet, you can experiment with the arrangement of pages in the text of the document (for example, change the portrait orientation to landscape). There are several other ways to design bulk tables:
Let's look at an example of how the components of the table look like the head and side.
How to arrange tables in a diploma: everything from interval to transfer
The tables in the thesis are drawn up in accordance with the requirements of GOST 7.32 - 2001 (in ESKD - this is GOST 2.105 - 95). Methodological recommendations of universities are developed on its basis, but may differ in minor details, for example, special instructions about the location of names (to the left or right of the top edge), font size, spacing parameters in diploma or project tables, but mostly intra-university settings are tracing paper of the state standard.
How to properly format the tables in the diploma
Options for numbering tables in a diploma:
The only table in the thesis can be signed "Table 1", "Table B.1" (the letter corresponds to the name of the application, if the material is taken out of the main text).
Tables occupying separate sheets (A3 is considered one) are included in the overall numbering of the diploma pages.
An example of transferring a table in a diploma:
In Word, the thickness and format of the lines used when creating lines is changed in the table designer:
If there are many graphs, they can be divided into approximately equal parts and placed one above the other on one sheet.
- When moving the rows of the table outside the page, the header (horizontal head) is repeated, when the graph is moved, the vertical sidebar is repeated.
- Chapters, sections, paragraphs cannot end with a table. After it, it is necessary to place the text, for example, a summary of the information presented.
- The name of the table is typed in the same font as the entire text of the work, if the methodological recommendations of the university do not contain separate design requirements.
- The line spacing in the table can be smaller than in the rest of the work, as well as the font used to fill the cells. But you shouldn’t be too small - everything should be easy to read, so a reasonable limit is the 10th size.
- All column headings begin with a capital letter, subheadings at the second level begin with a small letter if they continue a sentence, and with a capital letter if they have their own meaning.
- Headings are written horizontally, but GOST also allows vertical typesetting.
- Units of measurement common to all data are written only in the head (see the example for the continuation of small tables).
- Alignment in columns is preferable to do in the center.
- The numbers in the columns are arranged in such a way that equivalent digits are on the same vertical along the entire column. The represented values are entered with the same number of decimal places.
- In order to minimize the volume in the headings and lines, the abbreviations established by GOST 2.321 are used.
- Single-word text in columns can be replaced with quotation marks, and if the omitted position includes two or more words, “The Same” is written at the first omission, then substitute characters are put. Quotation marks cannot be used instead of numbers, as well as to replace chemical or mathematical signs, special characters, including "%" and "#".
- Missing data is replaced with an em dash (dash).
- The table is located immediately after the paragraph where there is a link to it. Linking to text is required. You can’t put a table in a few paragraphs, arguing that it will look better on top of the next sheet. An exception is the placement of tables in the Appendix.
- Tables can be broken, but not desirable. It is better to leave an empty space after the paragraph with a link to the table and place it on the next sheet. But at the same time, of course, you should not leave large empty spaces.
- However, sometimes it is necessary to break tables. If the table is very long or wide, and the rows or columns of the table go beyond the format of the sheet, then it can be divided into parts. If there are many columns, then the parts of the table are located on one sheet one under the other. If there are many columns, the table continues on the next sheet. In the first case, the head is repeated in the new parts, in the second - the side of the table.
- If the table has a large volume, and it has to be divided into parts, and even more so transferred to another sheet, columns and columns are numbered to simplify navigation. The numbers are used Arabic, put down in the second line. On the next page, you no longer need to repeat the headings of the columns and columns, just put numbers.
- All tables in the thesis are numbered, for this only Arabic numerals are used. GOST allows three principles for numbering tables in a thesis:
- Sequential numbering. Example:Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, etc.
- Numbering by sections indicating the number of the section and, after the dot, the number of the table itself. Example:Table 1.1, Table 1.2, Table 1.3, Table 2.1, Table 2.2, etc.(The second option is used if large volumes of tabular material are placed in the thesis work).
- Numbering taking into account the application number (recall that, according to the design rules, applications are indicated by Latin numerals). Example:Table B.1, Table C.1.1, Table C.1.2 etc.
- The table name should be placed immediately above it. Do not put a dot after the table number. The number is followed by a dash, followed by the name of the table.
- The table must always have a title. Requirements for the title: it should be short, concise, but at the same time clearly reflect the meaning of the table, the essence of the information given in it. It is recommended to use 2-5 words in the title of the table, avoiding cumbersome wording.
Design of tables in the diploma: requirements for the text
If the training manual does not limit the flight of the graduate's imagination when designing the tables in the diploma, then the dry requirements of GOST can be revived by filling the background of the cells, especially if it is necessary to emphasize the correspondence of the tabular information to the data in the diagrams using the same color. But it is better to inquire about the limits of what is permitted from the leader.
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Making tables in the thesis
If there are tables in the thesis study, it is important not only to fill them in correctly, but also to arrange them correctly. How is the design of tables according to GOST 2018?
We will again have to turn to the same GOST, which should be relied upon when clarifying the general principles for the design of a thesis. This is GOST 7.32-2001. We’ll explain right away: GOST 2015 on the design of tables in nature does not exist, for many years in a row the good old 7.32-2001 has been in effect. The design principles for tables and graphic elements are also regulated by GOST 1.5-93 and GOST 2.105-95, also known as ESKD (Unified System for Design Documentation).
To make it easier for you to understand these multi-page documents, we have included the most important in the abstract of this article.
General rules for the design of tables in the diploma
- Please note that the word "Table" should be written with a capital letter and be sure to complete it without abbreviating it.
- When transferring a table to the next sheet, it is necessary to put the full name of the table with numbering at the top. When dividing a table into parts within one sheet, simply “Continuation of the table” is written above each part (without quotes).
- The font, size in the table title is the same as in the main text (you can use a smaller font size in the cells). You should not somehow highlight the names of the tables using color, underlining, etc. However, in practice, bold type is sometimes used (check this point in the training manual or with your supervisor).
- The heading of the table is located on the sheet of the thesis on the left. Paragraph indentation is not used in this case.
- You cannot end a chapter, section, or paragraph with a table. After the table, it is necessary to give a generalization of the information presented, place a textual conclusion.
- Start headings with an uppercase letter, subheadings with a lowercase letter.
- Headings, column names, write in the singular.
- Do not put a dot after headings and subheadings.
- Horizontal arrangement of headings and subheadings is preferable; vertical is used when justified.
- Alignment of individual columns is best done in the center, and inline headings - on the left.
- Horizontal cells must be single line.
- It is recommended to align the digital indicators in the center.
- The font size in the table may be smaller than in the text, but it should be clearly distinguishable (you should not use a font size less than 10th).
- If the same text, consisting of only one word, is repeated in different lines of the column, then instead of duplication, the phrase “The same” is put a second time, and then only quotation marks. Exception: quotation marks cannot be used instead of repeated numbers, mathematical and chemical symbols, brands, signs.
- In the event that no data is given in a particular line, a dash should be put.
- from the 2nd tier and below, a lowercase letter is allowed at the beginning of the heading of the column,
- and the wording of the lower tiers in the "header" of the table can be consistent with the higher ones.
- End-to-end numbering in the course of the graduation project.
- New numbering with the beginning of each new chapter.
- Headings of rows and columns are written with a capital letter in the singular;
- Column subheadings begin with an uppercase letter if they are independent of the heading, and with a lowercase letter if they continue the thought of the heading;
- Do not put a dot at the end of subheadings and headings;
- The table header must be visually separated from the rest of it.
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An example of a table design in a thesis according to GOST:
Formatting tabular material inside a table
When placing the collected and processed information in the table, adhere to the following requirements of GOST:
Now, with the advent of all sorts of computer “whistles and fakes” for decorating tables, the graduate student is tempted to “make it prettier”. Well, at least fill the cells with a background, highlight the columns! I especially want to do this if there is a chart next to it, whose colored sectors correspond to one or another information in the table. Is it possible to do this, or should one strictly follow the restraint of the old GOST? Ask your teacher about it. The fact is that now many universities have their own methodological recommendations for the design of tabular material.
After you have designed the table, evaluate its appearance not only on the screen, but also in printed form. Tables in the thesis should be not only literate, but also aesthetic! Please note that the attention of the members of the state commission, who will leaf through your thesis during the defense, will primarily be attracted by the tabular material. Grated rolls among the student brethren assure that well-designed tables are half the battle!
Table design rules
All these definitions are given in GOST R 7.32-2001 “SIBID. Research report. Structure and rules of registration.
The structure of the table with the names of its elements (the head of the table is highlighted in gray, which is colloquially called the “header”)
table starts from numbered heading. It consists of the word "Table" and a serial number, while the sign number is not put. Usually the numbered heading is typed in italics and placed at the right edge.
Even if one table appears in the document, it should still be numbered: "Table 1".
Thematic heading the table that defines its content is centered, you can highlight it in bold. Less commonly used is writing only in capital letters, because. such text is less “readable”, this is acceptable only for very short headings.
A period is not placed at the end of either numbering or thematic headings. Both headers are above the table. But a table without headings is also quite possible (for example, if the title of a document or part of it completely defines the content of a single table). In addition, if you want to make the document as compact as possible, then you can combine the numbering and thematic headings in one line, then a period and a space are placed between them. Compare Examples 3 and 4.
Numerical heading above thematic heading
Combining a numbered heading and a thematic heading in one line
If the table is large (in height) and does not fit on one page, then on the next it is customary to indicate this, which will allow the reader of the document to quickly navigate in it. Word table at the same time, you can write in the title (and when linking in the text) both in full and in abbreviated form: "table. 5", the main thing is to maintain uniformity throughout the document.
On subsequent pages, you can repeat the head of the table completely with all the headings of the columns, or you can give only the numbers of the columns (which is less convenient for the reader, but saves space with a large "head") - compare Examples 5 and 6.
Designing a long table with a complete repetition of the "cap" on each page
Making a table long in height with repetition in the "header" of only column numbers
If the table does not fit in width, then first try to reduce the font size and indents on the left and right of the text to the borders of the cells. If this does not help (after all, the text in it should remain readable), then part of the table will have to be moved, i.e. its left side will go separately from the right. You can divide the table not only into two parts, but also more (how to do this is shown in Example 12). The headings to the table will help you navigate, the numbering of the columns that highlight the outer border of the line, you can also repeat the sidebar in each part of the table.
You can number not only columns, but also lines. It will help later make text address links to specific table cells, For example: "( see indications in line 5 column 4)". To do this, the number is usually included in the content of the sidebar (Example 7). If it is not a simple list of equal elements (for example, 1, 2, 3, etc.), but a complex multi-tiered one (for example, paragraph 1 includes subparagraphs "a" and "b" and only then follows paragraph 2), then the standard rules for numbering multilevel lists are applied to the numbering of the sidebar.
If at the same time the item has summary information in the prograph, summarizing the data of all its sub-items, then for such an item it is worth highlighting a separate row in the table. Otherwise, in the sidebar in a single cell, you can combine this item with its first sub-item.
But not every table has a sidebar with row headers.
In the headings of the column, first there is a verbal definition, then after a comma - the designation of the used units(for example, “sq. m.”, “%”, “°С”, “rubles” or “thousand rubles”, etc.), which allows you to avoid repeating the indication of the unit of measurement in each cell of the table content ( Example 7). You can also include in the column heading existing restrictions(for example, "from. to.", "no more.", "no less.", etc., see the last column of the table in Example 7).
Table with numbered rows in the sidebar 1
The headings of the column and the sidebar are put in the nominative case, they begin with a capital letter, and a dot is not put at the end (as in Example 7). But if the table head is multi-tiered and the headings of the lower tiers are subordinate to the upper ones, then (Example 8):
To visually highlight the “header” of the table, you can apply a fill (see two options in Examples 2 and 12), bold font is rarely used for this. Centering in height and width looks nice.
Now let's get started to the rules for filling in the prograph - the so-called "contents" of the table. Just like in other cells of the table, dots at the end are here not put. But inside the cell text, punctuation marks are placed according to modern punctuation rules.
Cell text can start with a small letter if it is a snippet. If this is a full sentence or several sentences, then it is worth starting with a capital letter. If some cells are filled with short phrases, and some with sentences, then it is better to start all cells of the prograph with a capital letter.
Some difficulty is number arrangement rules. Numerical values of the same value are best arranged so that units are under units, tens under tens, hundreds under hundreds, etc. (Example 9). To do this, it is convenient to align the contents of the cells to the right, in addition, you can set the indent to the right.
If indicators of unequal values are collected in one column, then they are simply centered (Example 10).
Alignment of indicators of unequal values
Leveling a Range of Numeric Values
Repeating text in adjacent lines of one column can be replaced with quotation marks or the expression "Same" (but it is not customary to replace numbers and signs, abbreviations, as well as names that include an abbreviation or number). When the table is transferred to another page, the repeated text is again given in full, even if it was previously replaced with quotation marks or “The Same”.
It is undesirable to leave empty cells. Here you can write "No information" or put a dash with a dash.
The implementation of the described recommendations in management documents is a voluntary matter. Simply listed rules for the design of tables will allow you to create convenient visual documents. There will be less confusion and tables will look neat.
Dividing a table into parts by its width
According to the book: Storage and restoration of documents: Guidelines / Ed. K.I. Andreeva and N.P. Kopaneva. St. Petersburg: Relic, 2008. P. 45. Go back
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An example of the design of tables in the thesis according to GOST: rules, examples of how to design
How?! How to do it?!
When applying for a diploma, tables can be used not only, but also highly desirable. This graphic element allows you to improve the visibility of examples and calculations. We want to tell you just how to do it right.
Where to place tables in the diploma?
There should be a reference to each table in the text in the thesis.
In order to properly format the table in the diploma, it should be placed immediately after the fragment in which the information from it is mentioned (in extreme cases, on the next page).
Registration of figures, graphics and tables in the thesis
Each figure, graphic object and table must be numbered in one of the following ways:
Table in the thesis
If a figure, table or graphic object is included as an application, it is necessary to use a different type of numbering (not numerical, but alphabetic).
Important! When designing a table, remember: the name should be located in the upper left corner.
As for the title and numbering of figures, as well as explanations for them, they are placed below the figure below.
Application in the thesis
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It should be remembered that tables used in applications should be numbered using Arabic numerals, preceded by the assigned application number (eg Table A.2).
According to GOST, the table does not have to have its own name, but this is spelled out in the rules of some universities. Check with your academic advisor about this.
Table transfer
The table may not always fit on the page. Therefore, you should know how to transfer it correctly. If it is necessary to transfer the name of the table, it should be placed above the first part of the table without drawing a lower horizontal line that separates it from the first part.
Sample table section
Above the remaining parts of the table on another page, on the left, place the phrase “Continuation” with the number of the table (for example, “Continuation of table 2”).
Transfer Sample
If the table has many special columns, the table can be divided into 3 parts. In this case, all parts should be placed one above the other and should not go beyond one page.
If the lines go beyond the page format, it is better to place it in the landscape sheet format.
How to fill in the table in the diploma?
To design a thesis table according to GOST, you need to follow some rules:
An explanation to it is written at the bottom of the table, according to which sources these indicators were calculated and given. The signature must be in italics.
Table Landscape Sample
If the table was taken from a specific source, a reference to this source should be given in the lower italic caption.
However, all this is really difficult, especially for those who are preparing to leave the walls of their native university and embark on a free professional swim.
If you have no time or simply do not want to do this, you can always order a thesis from us, we will help you without any problems! Well, if you want to do everything yourself, then hand over the diploma for verification in order to exclude the possibility of a sneaking mistake.
General requirements for the design of the work (abstract, term paper, diploma).
How to style headers
How to format content
How to arrange drawings
How to format tables
How to format notes
How to format formulas, equations, enumerations
How to design applications
How to make a bibliography
The structure of the bibliography
General requirements for the description of sources in the list of references
How to format the source name
How to fill out the statement of responsibility (name of the author or editor)
How to style the publishing area
How to style the output area
How to style a physical property area
How to style the series area
How to style the note area
Features of the design of multi-volume publications
Features of the design of periodicals
How to draw up a separate document that is part of another publication
How to design electronic resources (Internet sources)
Examples of bibliographic descriptions
Features of links to electronic resources.
General requirements for the design of work.
GOST 7.32-2001 “Research report. Structure and rules of registration.
According to GOST 7.32-2001, the text is printed on one side of a sheet of A4 white paper with one and a half intervals. The font color is black. Font size (point size) - at least 12. The usual practice is 14 point. GOST does not specify the type of font, but usually - Times New Roman.
Margin sizes: right - not less than 10 mm, top and bottom - not less than 20 mm, left - not less than 30 mm.
The pages of the work are numbered with Arabic numerals (numbering is continuous throughout the text). The page number is placed in the center of the bottom of the sheet without a dot. The title page is included in the general numbering, the number is not put on it.
GOST defines: surnames, names of organizations, firms, product names and other proper names should be given in the original language. It is allowed to transliterate proper names and give the names of organizations translated into Russian with the addition (at the first mention) of the original name.
How to format headers?
According to GOST 7.32-2001, the chapters of the main part of the work are not structural elements - such an element (along with the abstract (i.e. annotation), content, introduction, conclusion, list of sources used, application, etc.) is only the entire main part as a whole . According to GOST 7.32-2001, the headings of the structural elements of the work are placed in the middle of the line without a dot at the end and are printed in capital letters without underlining. Each structural element should start on a new page.
Chapters are usually numbered, although if they are considered as structural elements of the work, then there are no indications of standards in this regard. That is, you can not number.
Chapters can be divided into paragraphs, which in turn can be divided into paragraphs and subparagraphs (and smaller sections).
The paragraph number consists of the chapter and paragraph numbers in the chapter, separated by a dot. There is no dot at the end of the number. Paragraph paragraphs are numbered in the same way (for example: 2.4.2 Analysis of results). In principle, it is allowed to have only one paragraph in a chapter, and one paragraph in a paragraph. In this case, the paragraph and paragraph are still numbered. Headings of paragraphs, paragraphs and subparagraphs should be printed with a paragraph indent from a capital letter without a dot at the end, without underlining. If the heading consists of two sentences, they are separated by a dot. Word hyphenation in headings is not allowed.
The size of the paragraph indent, as well as the distance between headings, GOST 7.32-2001 does not regulate in any way, but you can focus on GOST 2.105-95 "General requirements for text documents", according to which the paragraph indent is equal to five strokes of a typewriter (or 15-17 mm) .
The distance between the heading and the text should be equal to 3 or 4 intervals (15 mm). If the abstract, term paper or diploma is printed with an interval of 1.5, then this means that the distance between the title and the text is equal to one empty line. The distance between chapter and paragraph headings is 2 intervals (8 mm).
GOST 2.105-95 is focused on accompanying documents of a technical nature, but there is no more suitable standard yet.
How to arrange content?
According to GOST 7.32-2001, the heading CONTENTS is written in capital letters in the middle of the line.
According to GOST 2.105-95, the names included in the content are written in lowercase letters, starting with an uppercase letter. GOST 7.32-2001 does not regulate this issue in any way, and since it has preference over GOST 2.105-95, then, in principle, everything remains at the discretion of the author.
How to arrange drawings?
According to GOST 7.32-2001, references should be given to all figures in the text. Figures should be placed directly after the text in which they are mentioned for the first time, or on the next page. Figures are numbered with Arabic numerals, while the numbering is through, but it is allowed to number within the section (chapter). In the latter case, the figure number consists of the section number and the sequence number of the illustration, separated by a dot (for example: Figure 1.1). The figure caption is located below it in the middle of the line. The word "Drawing" is written in full. According to GOST, you can limit yourself to only a number (that is, leave, for example, a signature: Figure 2), but universities almost always require a name as well. In this case, the signature should look like this: Figure 2 - Structure of the company
The dot at the end of the name is not put.
If there are applications in the work, then the drawings of each application are designated by separate numbering in Arabic numerals with the addition of the application designation in front (for example: Figure A.3).
GOST 2.105-95
Group T52
INTERSTATE STANDARD
Unified system of design documentation
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TEXT DOCUMENTS
Unified system for design documentation. General requirements for textual documents
ISS 01.110
OKSTU 0002
Introduction date 1996-07-01
Foreword
1 DEVELOPED by the All-Russian Research Institute for Standardization and Certification in Mechanical Engineering (VNIINMASH) of the State Standard of Russia
INTRODUCED by the State Standard of the Russian Federation
2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes No. 7 of April 26, 1995)
Voted to accept:
State name | Name of the national standardization body |
The Republic of Azerbaijan | Azgosstandart |
Republic of Armenia | Armstate standard |
Republic of Belarus | State Standard of the Republic of Belarus |
Georgia | Gruzstandard |
The Republic of Kazakhstan | State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
Republic of Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyzstandart |
The Republic of Moldova | Moldovastandard |
Russian Federation | Gosstandart of Russia |
The Republic of Tajikistan | Tajikstandart |
Turkmenistan | Main State Service "Turkmenstandartlary" |
The Republic of Uzbekistan | Uzgosstandart |
Ukraine | State Standard of Ukraine |
Change No. 1 was adopted by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification by correspondence (Minutes No. 23 dated February 28, 2006)
The national standardization bodies of the following states voted for the adoption of the change: AZ, AM, BY, KZ, KG, MD, RU, TJ, TM, UZ, UA [alpha-2 codes according to IEC (ISO 3166) 004]
3 By Resolution of the Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of August 8, 1995 N 426, the interstate standard GOST 2.105-95 was put into effect as the state standard of the Russian Federation from July 1, 1996.
4 INSTEAD OF GOST 2.105-79, GOST 2.906-71
5 EDITION (April 2011) with Amendment No. 1 approved in June 2006 (IUS 9-2006), Amendment (IUS 12-2001)
INTRODUCED: amendment published in IUS N 2, 2012; amendment published in IUS N 1, 2018
Amendments made by database manufacturer
1 area of use
1 area of use
This standard establishes general requirements for the execution of text documents for products of mechanical engineering, instrumentation and construction.
2 Normative references
This standard uses references to the following standards:
GOST 2.004-88 Unified system for design documentation. General requirements for the implementation of design and technological documents on printing and graphic output devices of a computer
GOST 2.104-2006 Unified system for design documentation. Basic inscriptions
GOST 2.106-96 Unified system for design documentation. Text Documents
GOST 2.109-73 Unified system for design documentation. Basic requirements for drawings
GOST 2.301-68 Unified system for design documentation. Formats
GOST 2.304-81 Unified system for design documentation. Drawing fonts
GOST 2.316-2008 Unified system for design documentation. Rules for applying inscriptions, technical requirements and tables on graphic documents. General provisions
GOST 2.321-84 Unified system for design documentation. Letter designations
GOST 2.503-90 Unified system for design documentation. Rules for making changes
GOST 6.38-90 * Unified documentation systems. System of organizational and administrative documentation. Documentation requirements
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* On the territory of the Russian Federation canceled without replacement.
GOST 7.32-2001 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Research report. Structure and design rules
GOST 8.417-2002 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Units
GOST 13.1.002-2003 Reprography. Micrography. Documents for microfilming. General requirements and norms
GOST 21.101-97* System of design documentation for construction. Basic requirements for working documentation
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* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R 21.1101-2009 applies.
GOST 14236-81 Polymer films. Tensile test method
3 General provisions
3.1 Text documents are divided into documents containing mainly solid text (technical specifications, passports, calculations, explanatory notes, instructions, etc.), and documents containing text divided into columns (specifications, statements, tables, etc. .P.).
Text documents are performed in paper form and (or) in the form of an electronic document (DE).
It is allowed to use word abbreviations in accordance with GOST 2.316 in text documents containing text divided into columns.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
3.2 Text documents are executed on the forms established by the relevant standards of the Unified Design Documentation System (ESKD) and the Design Documentation System for Construction (SPDS).
Requirements specific to certain types of text documents (for example, operational documents) are given in the relevant standards.
3.3 The originals of text documents are performed in one of the following ways:
- typewritten, while the requirements of GOST 13.1.002 should be followed. The typewriter font must be clear, at least 2.5 mm high, the ribbon is only black (bold);
- handwritten - drawing font according to GOST 2.304 with a height of letters and numbers of at least 2.5 mm. Numbers and letters must be written clearly in black ink;
- with the use of printing and graphic output devices of computers (GOST 2.004);
3.4 Copies of text documents are made in one of the following ways:
- typographic - in accordance with the requirements for publications produced by typographic method;
- by photocopying - it is recommended to reproduce by double-sided copying;
- blueprinting;
- microfilming;
- on electronic data carriers.
3.3, 3.4 (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
3.5 Enter into text documents made in a typewritten way, individual words, formulas, symbols (handwritten), as well as illustrations should be done in black ink, paste or ink.
3.6 The distance from the frame of the form to the boundaries of the text at the beginning and at the end of lines is at least 3 mm.
The distance from the top or bottom line of text to the top or bottom frame must be at least 10 mm.
Paragraphs in the text begin with an indent equal to five strokes of a typewriter (15-17 mm).
An example of the execution of a text document is given in Appendix A.
3.7 Misprints, misprints and graphical inaccuracies found in the process of document execution may be corrected by erasing or painting over with white paint and applying the corrected text (graphics) in the same place in typewritten way or in black ink, paste or handwritten ink.
Damage to sheets of text documents, blots and traces of incompletely deleted old text (graphics) are not allowed.
After making corrections, the document must meet the microfilming requirements established by GOST 13.1.002.
3.8 To place approving and agreeing signatures to text documents, it is recommended to draw up a title page and (or) an approval sheet in accordance with Section 6 of this standard.
The obligatory nature and features of the execution of title pages are stipulated in the ESKD and SPDS standards for the rules for the execution of the relevant documents.
3.9 It is recommended to issue a change registration sheet for text documents in accordance with GOST 2.503 and GOST 21.101.
3.10 The content and requisite parts of the DE must comply with the requirements of the ESKD standard.
The structure and composition of the details of the DE must ensure its circulation within the software (display, modification, printing, accounting and storage in databases, as well as transfer to other automated systems) while complying with the regulatory requirements for the design of text documents.
4 Requirements for text documents containing mostly solid text
4.1 Building a document
4.1.1. The text of the document, if necessary, is divided into sections and subsections.
With a large volume of the document, it is allowed to divide it into parts, and parts, if necessary, into books. Each part and book is completed separately. All parts are given names and assigned a document designation. Starting from the second part, a serial number is added to this designation, for example: XXXX.331112.032F0, XXXX.331112.032F01, XXXX.331112.032F02, etc. All books are given a name and assigned a serial number. An example of filling in field 4 of the title page for a book is given in Appendix B.
Sheets of the document are numbered within each part, each part begins on sheets with the main inscription in the form of GOST 2.104 and form 3 of GOST 21.101.
4.1.2. Sections should have serial numbers within the entire document (part, book), indicated by Arabic numerals without a dot and written with a paragraph indent. Subsections should be numbered within each section. The subsection number consists of the section and subsection numbers separated by a dot. There is no dot at the end of the subsection number. Sections, like subsections, can consist of one or more paragraphs.
4.1.3 If the document does not have subsections, then the paragraph numbering in it must be within each section, and the paragraph number must consist of the section and paragraph numbers separated by a dot. Do not put a dot at the end of the item number, for example:
1Types and basic dimensions
Numbering of paragraphs of the first section of the document
2Technical requirements
Numbering of paragraphs of the second section of the document
If the document has subsections, then the paragraph numbering must be within the subsection and the paragraph number must consist of the section, subsection, and paragraph numbers separated by dots, for example:
3 Test methods
3.1 Apparatus, materials and reagents
Numbering of paragraphs of the first subsection of the third section of the document
3.2 Preparation for the test
Numbering of paragraphs of the second subsection of the third section of the document
4.1.4 If a section or subsection consists of one paragraph, it is also numbered.
4.1.5 If the text of the document is divided only into paragraphs, they are numbered by serial numbers within the document.
4.1.6 Clauses, if necessary, can be divided into sub-clauses, which must have serial numbering within each clause, for example: 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.2, 4.2.1.3, etc.
4.1.7 Listings may be given within clauses or subclauses.
Each position of the enumeration should be preceded by a hyphen or, if necessary, a reference in the text of the document to one of the enumerations, a lowercase letter of the Russian or Latin alphabets, after which a bracket is placed. For further detailing of enumerations, it is necessary to use Arabic numerals, after which a bracket is placed, and the entry is made from a paragraph indent, as shown in the example.
Example.
A) ______________
b) ______________
1) ______________
2) ______________
V) ______________
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.1.8 Each paragraph, subparagraph and enumeration is written with a paragraph indent.
4.1.9 Sections, subsections must have headings. Items usually do not have headings.
Headings should clearly and concisely reflect the content of sections, subsections.
Headings should be typed in capital letters without a dot at the end, without underlining. Word hyphenation in headings is not allowed. If the heading consists of two sentences, they are separated by a dot.
The distance between the heading and the text when executing the document in typewritten way should be equal to 3, 4 intervals, when executing in handwriting - 15 mm. The distance between the headings of the section and subsection is 2 intervals, when done by handwriting - 8 mm. When executing text documents in an automated way, it is allowed to use distances close to the specified intervals.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.1.10 It is recommended to start each section of a text document from a new sheet (page).
4.1.11 In a document (part, book) of a large volume, on the first (title) page and, if necessary, on subsequent sheets, the content is placed, including the numbers and names of sections and subsections, indicating the numbers of sheets (pages).
If the document is divided into parts (books), then at the end of the content of the first part (book) list the designation and name (if any) of the remaining parts (books). The content is included in the total number of sheets of this document (parts, books).
The word "Content" is written as a heading (symmetrically to the text) with a capital letter. The names included in the content are written in lowercase letters, starting with an uppercase letter.
4.1.12 At the end of the text document, before the change registration sheet, it is allowed to provide a list of literature that was used in its preparation. The implementation of the list and links to it in the text - according to GOST 7.32. The list of references is included in the content of the document.
4.1.13. The numbering of pages of the document and annexes included in this document must be continuous. Instead of continuous page numbering, it is allowed to use page numbering within each section of the document as follows:
3 15
section page
4.2 Statement of the text of documents
4.2.1 The full name of the product on the title page, in the main inscription and at the first mention in the text of the document must be the same as its name in the main design document.
In the following text, the word order in the name should be direct, i.e. in the first place there should be a definition (adjective), and then - the name of the product (noun); in this case, it is allowed to use the abbreviated name of the product.
The names given in the text of the document and in the illustrations must be the same.
4.2.2 The text of the document should be concise, clear and not open to different interpretations.
When presenting mandatory requirements, the text should use the words "should", "should", "necessary", "required that", "only allowed", "not allowed", "prohibited", "should not be". When presenting other provisions, the words - "may be", "as a rule", "if necessary", "may be", "in case", etc. should be used.
In this case, it is allowed to use the narrative form of the text of the document, for example, "apply", "indicate", etc.
The documents should use scientific and technical terms, designations and definitions established by the relevant standards, and in their absence - generally accepted in the scientific and technical literature.
If specific terminology is adopted in the document, then at the end of it (before the list of references) there should be a list of accepted terms with appropriate explanations. The list is included in the content of the document.
4.2.3 The text of the document does not allow:
- apply turns of colloquial speech, technicalisms, professionalisms;
- apply for the same concept different scientific and technical terms that are close in meaning (synonyms), as well as foreign words and terms in the presence of equivalent words and terms in the Russian language;
- use arbitrary word formations;
- use abbreviations of words, except for those established by the rules of Russian spelling, the relevant state standards, as well as in this document;
- abbreviate the designations of units of physical quantities, if they are used without numbers, with the exception of units of physical quantities in the heads and sides of the tables and in the decoding of the letter designations included in the formulas and figures.
4.2.4 In the text of the document, with the exception of formulas, tables and figures, it is not allowed:
- use the mathematical minus sign (-) before negative values of quantities (the word "minus" should be written);
- use the sign "" to indicate the diameter (the word "diameter" should be written). When specifying the size or maximum deviations of the diameter in the drawings placed in the text of the document, the sign "" should be written before the dimension number;
- use mathematical signs without numerical values, for example > (greater than),< (меньше), = (равно), (больше или равно), (меньше или равно), (не равно), а также знаки N (номер), % (процент);
- apply indices of standards, specifications and other documents without a registration number.
4.2.5 If the document contains explanatory inscriptions applied directly to the manufactured product (for example, on strips, plates for controls, etc.), they are highlighted in font (without quotes), for example ON, OTKL, or quotation marks - if the inscription consists of numbers and (or) characters.
Names of commands, modes, signals, etc. in the text should be enclosed in quotation marks, for example "Signal + 27 on".
4.2.6 The list of allowed word abbreviations is established in GOST 2.316.
If the document adopts a special system of abbreviations of words or names, then it should contain a list of accepted abbreviations, which is placed at the end of the document before the list of terms.
4.2.7 Symbolic letters, images or signs must comply with those adopted in the current legislation and state standards. In the text of the document, before the designation of the parameter, its explanation is given, for example " Tensile strength".
If it is necessary to use symbols, images or signs that are not established by the current standards, they should be explained in the text or in the list of symbols.
4.2.8 The document should use standardized units of physical quantities, their names and designations in accordance with GOST 8.417.
Along with the SI units, if necessary, the units of previously used systems allowed for use are indicated in brackets. The use of different systems of designation of physical quantities in one document is not allowed.
4.2.9 In the text of the document, numerical values of quantities with the designation of units of physical quantities and counting units should be written in numbers, and numbers without designation of units of physical quantities and counting units from one to nine - in words.
Examples.
1 Test five pipes, each 5 m long.
2 Select 15 pipes for pressure testing.
4.2.10 The unit of the physical quantity of the same parameter within one document must be constant. If the text contains a series of numerical values expressed in the same unit of physical quantity, then it is indicated only after the last numerical value, for example 1.50; 1.75; 2.00 m
4.2.11 If the text of the document gives a range of numerical values of a physical quantity expressed in the same unit of a physical quantity, then the designation of the unit of the physical quantity is indicated after the last numerical value of the range.
Examples.
1 From 1 to 5 mm.
2 From 10 to 100 kg.
3 From plus 10 to minus 40 °С.
4 From plus 10 to plus 40 °С.
It is unacceptable to separate a unit of a physical quantity from a numerical value (transfer them to different lines or pages), except for the units of physical quantities placed in typewritten tables.
4.2.12 When citing the largest or smallest values of quantities, the phrase "should be no more (no less)" should be used.
When citing the permissible values of deviations from the specified norms, requirements, the phrase "should not be more (less)" should be used.
For example, the mass fraction of sodium carbonate in technical soda ash must be at least 99.4%.
4.2.13 The numerical values of the quantities in the text should be indicated with the degree of accuracy necessary to ensure the required properties of the product, while in a number of quantities the number of decimal places is aligned.
Rounding numerical values of quantities to the first, second, third, etc. decimal point for different sizes, brands, etc. products of the same name should be the same. For example, if the gradation of the thickness of the hot-rolled steel strip is 0.25 mm, then the entire range of strip thicknesses must be indicated with the same number of decimal places, for example 1.50; 1.75; 2.00.
4.2.14 Fractional numbers must be given as decimals, except for sizes in inches, which should be written ; (but not , ).
If it is impossible to express a numerical value as a decimal fraction, it is allowed to write it as a simple fraction in one line through a slash, for example 5/32; (50A-4C)/(40V+20).
4.2.15 In the formulas, the symbols established by the relevant state standards should be used as symbols. Explanations of the symbols and numerical coefficients included in the formula, if they are not explained earlier in the text, should be given directly below the formula. Explanations of each character should be given on a new line in the order in which the characters are given in the formula. The first line of the explanation must begin with the word "where" without a colon after it.
EXAMPLE Density of each sample, kg/m, is calculated by the formula
where is the mass of the sample, kg;
- sample volume, m.
Formulas that follow one after another and are not separated by text are separated by a comma.
4.2.16 It is allowed to transfer formulas to the next line only on the signs of the operations being performed, and the sign at the beginning of the next line is repeated. When transferring the formula on the multiplication sign, the sign "" is used.
4.2.17 In non-typographically published documents, formulas can be made in typewritten, machine-written or drawing font with a height of at least 2.5 mm. The use of typewritten and handwritten characters in the same formula is not allowed.
4.2.18 Formulas, with the exception of formulas placed in the appendix, must be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals, which are written at the formula level on the right in parentheses. One formula is denoted by - (1).
References in the text to the serial numbers of formulas are given in brackets, for example ... in formula (1).
Formulas placed in annexes should be numbered separately in Arabic numerals within each application, with the addition of an application designation before each digit, for example, formula (B.1).
The numbering of formulas within the section is allowed. In this case, the formula number consists of the section number and the ordinal number of the formula, separated by a dot, for example (3.1).
4.2.19 The order of presentation of mathematical equations in documents is the same as for formulas.
4.2.20 Notes are given in documents if explanations or reference data are needed for the content of the text, tables or graphic material.
Notes should not contain requirements.
4.2.21 Notes should be placed directly after the text, graphic material or in the table to which these notes refer, and should be printed with a capital letter from a paragraph. If there is only one note, then a dash is placed after the word "Note" and the note is also printed with a capital letter. One note is not numbered. Several notes are numbered sequentially with Arabic numerals. A note to the table is placed at the end of the table above the line indicating the end of the table.
4.2.22 In a text document, references to this document, standards, specifications and other documents are allowed, provided that they fully and unambiguously define the relevant requirements and do not cause difficulties in using the document.
References to enterprise standards (STP) and other technical documentation must be specified in the product development contract.
You should refer to the document as a whole or its sections and appendices. References to subsections, paragraphs, tables and illustrations are not allowed, with the exception of subsections, paragraphs, tables and illustrations of this document.
When referring to standards and specifications, only their designation is indicated, while it is allowed not to indicate the year of their approval, provided that the designation with the year of approval is recorded at the end of the text document under the heading "REFERENCE REGULATORY DOCUMENTS" in the form:
4.3 Design of illustrations and applications
4.3.1 The number of illustrations should be sufficient to explain the text being presented. Illustrations can be located both in the text of the document (possibly closer to the corresponding parts of the text), and at the end of it. Illustrations must be made in accordance with the requirements of ESKD and SPDS standards. Illustrations, with the exception of illustrations of appendices, should be numbered in Arabic numerals through numbering. If there is only one figure, then it is designated "Figure 1".
The illustrations of each application are designated by a separate numbering in Arabic numerals with the addition of the application designation before the number. For example - Figure A.3.
It is allowed not to number small illustrations (small drawings) placed directly in the text and to which there are no further references.
It is allowed to number illustrations within the section. In this case, the illustration number consists of the section number and the number of the illustration, separated by a dot. For example - Figure 1.1.
When referring to illustrations, one should write "... in accordance with Figure 2" for continuous numbering and "... in accordance with Figure 1.2" for numbering within a section.
Illustrations, if necessary, may have a name and explanatory data (figure text). The word "Figure" and the name are placed after the explanatory data and arranged as follows: Figure 1 - Details of the device.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.3.2 If the text of the document contains an illustration showing the component parts of the product, then this illustration should indicate the position numbers of these components within this illustration, which are arranged in ascending order, with the exception of repeating positions, and for electrical and radioelements - reference designations established in the diagrams of this product.
The exception is electrical and radio elements, which are adjustment or adjustment elements, for which (except for the position number) the purpose of each adjustment and adjustment, the reference designation and inscriptions on the corresponding bar or panel are additionally indicated in the text below.
It is allowed, if necessary, to keep the number assigned to the component part of the product in the illustration within the document.
For the layouts of structural elements and architectural and construction drawings of buildings (structures), the marks of the elements are indicated.
When referring in the text to individual elements of parts (holes, grooves, grooves, flanges, etc.), they are indicated in capital letters of the Russian alphabet.
The specified data is applied to the illustrations in accordance with GOST 2.109.
4.3.3 On the electrical diagrams given in the document, near each element, its reference designation, established by the relevant standards, and, if necessary, the nominal value of the quantity, are indicated.
4.3.4 Material supplementing the text of the document may be placed in annexes. Applications can be, for example, graphic material, large format tables, calculations, descriptions of equipment and instruments, descriptions of algorithms and programs for tasks solved on a computer, etc.
The application is drawn up as a continuation of this document on its subsequent sheets or is issued as an independent document.
4.3.5 Annexes may be mandatory and informational.
Informational appendices may be of a recommended or reference nature.
4.3.6 References should be given to all annexes in the text of the document. The degree of mandatory applications for references is not indicated. Annexes are placed in the order of references to them in the text of the document, with the exception of the informational appendix "Bibliography", which has the last one.
4.3.7 Each annex should begin on a new page with the word "Annex" and its designation at the top in the middle of the page, and below it in brackets for a mandatory annex, write the word "mandatory", and for an informational - "recommended" or "reference".
The application must have a title that is written symmetrically with respect to the capitalized text on a separate line.
4.3.8 Applications are denoted by capital letters of the Russian alphabet, starting with A, with the exception of the letters Ё, Z, Y, O, Ch, b, Y, Ъ. The word "Appendix" is followed by a letter denoting its sequence.
It is allowed to designate applications with letters of the Latin alphabet, with the exception of the letters I and O.
In the case of full use of the letters of the Russian and Latin alphabets, it is allowed to designate applications with Arabic numerals.
If the document has one appendix, it is designated "Appendix A".
4.3.9 Applications, as a rule, are performed on A4 sheets. It is allowed to issue applications on sheets of A3, A43, A44, A2 and A1 format in accordance with GOST 2.301.
4.3.10 The text of each annex, if necessary, can be divided into sections, subsections, paragraphs, subparagraphs, which are numbered within each application. The number is preceded by the designation of this application.
Appendices should share continuous pagination with the rest of the document.
4.3.11 All attachments must be listed in the table of contents (if any) with their numbers and headings.
4.3.12 Applications issued in the form of an independent document are drawn up according to general rules - the first sheet with the main inscription in form 2, subsequent sheets - in form 2a according to GOST 2.104, GOST 21.101.
If necessary, such an application may have a "Content".
4.3.13 Applications or books issued in the form of an independent document are assigned the designation as part of the document, indicating their serial number in the document code. If an application or book has a title page, then under the name of the document, the word "Appendix" and its designation in the case of two or more applications, for example "Appendix B" or "Book" and its serial number, for example "Book 6" are indicated on it.
4.3.14* It is allowed to use other independently issued design documents (dimensional drawings, diagrams, etc.) as an attachment to the document.
The document, including the document to which applications are issued, is assembled into an album with an inventory of the album compiled for it. The inventories assign the designation of the product for which the main document was developed, and the OP code.
The inventory is compiled according to the form 8 and 8a GOST 2.106. First, a document is written into it, for which other design documents are applied as an application. Further, the documents are recorded in the order of their acquisition in the album. If necessary, a title page is made for the album of documents.
_______________
* See "Notes" label. - Database manufacturer's note.
4.4 Building tables
4.4.1 Tables are used for better clarity and ease of comparison of indicators. The title of the table, if any, should reflect its content, be precise, and concise. The title should be placed above the table.
When transferring part of the table to the same or other pages, the title is placed only above the first part of the table.
Digital material, as a rule, is drawn up in the form of tables in accordance with Figure 1.
Picture 1
4.4.2 Tables, with the exception of annex tables, should be numbered in Arabic numerals through numbering.
The tables of each application are designated by separate numbering in Arabic numerals with the addition of the application designation before the number. If there is only one table in the document, it should be labeled "Table 1" or "Table B.1" if it is given in Appendix B.
It is allowed to number the tables within the section. In this case, the table number consists of the section number and the ordinal number of the table, separated by a dot.
4.4.3 All tables of the document should be referenced in the text of the document; when referring, the word "table" should be written, indicating its number.
4.4.4 The headings of the columns and rows of the table should be written with a capital letter, and the subheadings of the columns - with a lowercase letter if they make up one sentence with the heading, or with a capital letter if they have an independent meaning. Do not put dots at the end of headings and subheadings of tables. The headings and subheadings of the columns are indicated in the singular.
4.4.5 Tables on the left, right and bottom, as a rule, are limited by lines.
It is not allowed to separate the headings and subheadings of the sidebar and the graph with diagonal lines.
Horizontal and vertical lines delimiting the rows of the table may not be drawn if their absence does not impede the use of the table.
Column headings, as a rule, are written parallel to the rows of the table. If necessary, a perpendicular arrangement of column headings is allowed.
The head of the table should be separated by a line from the rest of the table.
The height of the table rows must be at least 8 mm.
4.4.6 The table, depending on its size, is placed under the text in which it is first referenced, or on the next page, and, if necessary, in an annex to the document.
It is allowed to place the table along the long side of the document sheet.
4.4.7 If the rows or columns of the table go beyond the format of the page, it is divided into parts, placing one part under the other or next to it, while in each part of the table its head and side are repeated. When dividing a table into parts, it is allowed to replace its head or sidebar with the number of columns and lines, respectively. In this case, the columns and (or) rows of the first part of the table are numbered with Arabic numerals.
The word "Table" is indicated once to the left above the first part of the table, the words "Continuation of the table" are written above the other parts, indicating the number (designation) of the table in accordance with Figure 2. When preparing text documents using software, the inscription "Continuation of the table" is not allowed indicate.
Figure 2
If at the end of the page the table is interrupted and its continuation will be on the next page, in the first part of the table the lower horizontal line limiting the table may not be drawn.
It is allowed to divide tables with a small number of columns into parts and place one part next to the other on one page, while repeating the head of the table in accordance with Figure 3. It is recommended to separate parts of the table with a double line or a line of thickness 2.
Figure 3
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.4.8 The column "Sequence number" is not allowed to be included in the table. The numbering of the columns of the table with Arabic numerals is allowed in cases where there are references to them in the text of the document, when dividing the table into parts, and also when transferring part of the table to the next page in accordance with Figure 4.
Figure 4
If necessary, the numbering of indicators, parameters or other data, serial numbers should be indicated in the first column (sidebar) of the table immediately before their name in accordance with Figure 5. Before the numerical values \u200b\u200band designations of types, brands, etc. serial numbers are not affixed.
Figure 5
4.4.9 If all the indicators given in the columns of the table are expressed in the same unit of physical quantity, then its designation must be placed above the table on the right, and when dividing the table into parts, above each part in accordance with Figure 2.
If most columns of the table contain indicators expressed in the same units of physical quantities (for example, in millimeters, volts), but there are columns with indicators expressed in other units of physical quantities, then the name of the prevailing indicator and its designation should be written above the table physical quantity, for example "Dimensions in millimeters", "Voltage in volts", and in the subheadings of the remaining columns give the name of the indicators and (or) designations of other units of physical quantities in accordance with Figure 4.
To shorten the text of headings and subheadings, individual concepts are replaced with letter symbols established by GOST 2.321, or other symbols, if they are explained in the text or shown in illustrations, for example - diameter, - height, - length.
Indicators with the same letter designation are grouped sequentially in ascending order of indices in accordance with Figure 4.
4.4.10 The restrictive words "more", "not more", "less", "not less", etc. should be placed in one line or column of the table with the name of the corresponding indicator after the designation of its unit of physical quantity, if they refer to the entire line or column. In this case, after the name of the indicator, a comma is placed before the restrictive words in accordance with Figures 4 and 5.
4.4.11 The designation of the unit of physical quantity, common to all data in the line, should be indicated after its name in accordance with Figure 5. It is allowed, if necessary, to place the designation of the unit of physical quantity in a separate line (column).
4.4.12 If the values of the same physical quantity are placed in the column of the table, then the designation of the unit of the physical quantity is indicated in the heading (subheading) of this column in accordance with Figure 6. Numerical values of the quantities that are the same for several lines may be indicated once in accordance with with figures 4 and 6.
Figure 6
If the numerical values of the quantities in the columns of the table are expressed in different units of a physical quantity, their designations are indicated in the subheading of each column.
The designations given in the headings of the columns of the table should be explained in the text or graphic material of the document.
4.4.13 The notation of the flat angle units should be indicated not in the headings of the columns, but in each row of the table, both in the presence of horizontal lines separating the rows in accordance with Figure 7, and in the absence of horizontal lines in accordance with Figure 8.
Figure 7
Figure 8
4.4.14 Limit deviations related to all numerical values of quantities placed in one column are indicated in the head of the table under the name or designation of the indicator in accordance with Figure 9.
Figure 9
4.4.15 Limit deviations related to several numerical values of quantities or to a specific numerical value of a quantity are indicated in a separate column in accordance with Figure 10.
Figure 10
4.4.16 Text repeated in the lines of the same column and consisting of single words alternating with numbers is replaced by quotation marks in accordance with Figure 11. If the repeated text consists of two or more words, at the first repetition it is replaced by the words "The same ", and then - in quotation marks in accordance with Figure 12. If the previous phrase is part of the next one, then it is allowed to replace it with the words "The same" and add additional information.
Figure 11
Figure 12
If there are horizontal lines, the text must be repeated.
4.4.17 It is not allowed to replace with quotation marks repeating figures in the table, mathematical signs, percent signs and numbers, designation of grades of materials and standard sizes of products, designations of regulatory documents.
4.4.18 In the absence of individual data in the table, a dash (dash) should be put in accordance with Figure 11.
4.4.19 When specifying in the tables consecutive intervals of numbers covering all the numbers of the series, they should be written: "From ... to ... inclusive", "St. ... to ... inclusive." according to figure 11.
In the interval covering the numbers of the row, it is allowed to put a dash between the extreme numbers of the row in the table in accordance with Figure 13.
Figure 13
The intervals of numbers in the text are written with the words "from" and "to" (meaning "From ... to ... inclusive"), if the unit of a physical quantity or number is indicated after the numbers, they represent dimensionless coefficients, or through a hyphen, if the numbers represent ordinal numbers.
Examples
1 ... the layer thickness must be between 0.5 and 20 mm.
27-12, Figure 1-14
4.4.20 In the tables, if necessary, stepped bold lines are used to highlight the range related to a certain value, group positions and indicate the preferred numerical values \u200b\u200bof indicators that are usually located inside the stepped line, or to indicate which values of columns and lines belong to certain deviations, in accordance with Figure 14. In this case, an explanation of these lines should be given in the text.
Figure 14
4.4.21 The numerical value of the indicator is put down at the level of the last line of the name of the indicator in accordance with Figure 15.
Figure 15
The value of the indicator, given in the form of text, is recorded at the level of the first line of the name of the indicator in accordance with Figure 16.
Figure 16
4.4.22 The numbers in the columns of the tables should be put down so that the digits of the numbers in the entire column are located one under the other if they refer to the same indicator. In one column, as a rule, the same number of decimal places for all values \u200b\u200bof the quantities must be observed.
4.4.23 If it is necessary to indicate in the table the preference for the use of certain numerical values of quantities or types (brands, etc.) of products, it is allowed to use conditional marks with their explanation in the text of the document.
To highlight the preferred nomenclature or limit the applied numerical values or types (brands, etc.) of products, it is allowed to bracket those values that are not recommended for use or have a restrictive use, indicating in the note the value of the brackets in accordance with Figure 17.
Figure 17
4.4.24 For products weighing up to 100 g, it is allowed to give the mass of a certain number of products, and for products made from different materials, the mass for the main materials can be indicated in accordance with Figures 18-20.
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Instead of indicating in the table the mass of products made from different materials, it is allowed to give a reference to the correction factors in the notes to the table.
EXAMPLE To determine the mass of screws made from other materials, the mass values given in the table must be multiplied by a factor:
- 1.080 - for brass;
- 0.356 - for aluminum alloy.
4.4.25 If there is a small amount of digital material in the document, it is not advisable to arrange it in a table, but should be given in text, placing digital data in the form of columns.
Example
Limit deviations of the dimensions of profiles of all numbers:
height | ||||
across the width of the shelf | ||||
by wall thickness | ||||
by shelf thickness | ||||
4.5 Footnotes
4.5.1 If it is necessary to clarify individual data given in the document, then these data should be indicated by superscript footnotes.
Footnotes in the text are placed with a paragraph indent at the end of the page on which they are indicated, and are separated from the text by a short thin horizontal line on the left side, and to the data located in the table, at the end of the table above the line indicating the end of the table.
4.5.2 The footnote sign is placed immediately after the word, number, symbol, sentence to which the explanation is given, and before the text of the explanation.
4.5.3 The footnote sign is performed in Arabic numerals with a bracket and placed at the level of the upper edge of the font.
Example - "...printing device..."
The numbering of footnotes is separate for each page.
It is allowed to carry out footnotes with asterisks instead of numbers: *. More than four stars are not recommended.
4.6 Examples
4.6.1 Examples may be given where they clarify the requirements of the document or contribute to a more concise presentation of them.
4.6.2 Examples are placed, numbered and arranged in the same way as the notes (according to 4.2.21).
5 Requirements for text documents containing text divided into columns
5.1 Text documents containing text divided into columns, if necessary, are divided into sections and subsections that are not numbered.
5.2 The names of sections and subsections are written in the form of headings in lowercase letters (except for the first capital) and underlined.
The location of the headings for the statements is established by the relevant ESKD and SPDS standards.
Below each heading, one free line must be left, above - at least one free line.
5.3 Notes to sections, subsections or to the entire document are numbered in accordance with 4.2.21.
5.4 In text documents in paper form with lines, all entries are made on each line in one row.
To make it easier to make changes:
- keep a record at the bottom of the line field. Entries should not merge with lines delimiting rows and columns;
- leave free lines between sections and subsections, and in documents of a large volume - also inside sections and subsections.
When compiling documents for prototypes, free lines are additionally provided for recording documents and other data that can be entered into the documentation.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
5.5 If the text in several lines is written in the column of the document, then in the subsequent columns the entries begin at the level of the first line. If in subsequent columns the entry is placed on one line, then with the typewritten method of execution it is allowed to be placed at the level of the last line.
5.6 For electronic documents, when outputting to paper or a display device using software, deviations are allowed in the forms of execution of tables (frame sizes, columns, etc.) and text placement (field sizes, intervals, etc.) in compliance with these requirements for the design of text documents.
(Introduced additionally, Rev. N 1).
6 Requirements for the design of the title page and approval sheet
6.1 The title page is the first page of the document. The title page compiled for the album of documents is the first sheet of the inventory of this album.
6.2 An approval sheet (LA) is issued for documents on which, according to the terms of their use, the developer and (or) the customer considers it inappropriate to give the names of organizations, positions and names of the persons who signed these documents.
6.3 LU is issued for one document, for several documents, for an album of documents or a set of documents. It is allowed to issue a license for a separate part or several parts of the document.
6.4 The designation of the LU consists of the designation of the document to which it refers, with the addition of the LU code through a hyphen, for example XXXXX.ХХХХХХ.ХХХТУ-ЛУ.
6.5 If the LU is issued for an album of documents, it is assigned the designation of one of these documents with the addition of the LU code through a hyphen and is recorded first in the inventory of the album.
6.6 If the LU is issued for several documents, it is assigned the designation of one of these documents with the addition of the LU code through a hyphen and recorded in the specification, which includes this document.
6.7 If the license plate is issued for a set of documents, it is assigned the designation of the specification with the addition of the license code and recorded in the specification in the "Documentation" section first.
6.8 When recording the LU in the specification, it should be indicated in the "Note" column - "Propagate as directed".
Notes
1 LU is multiplied and distributed if necessary. The need to distribute copies of the LC is determined by the holder of the original LC in agreement with the customer.
2 They are not included in the list of operational documents, as well as in the list of documents for the repair of LU.
6.9 The title page and LU are performed on sheets of A4 format according to GOST 2.301 in the form shown in Figure 21:
field 1 - the name of the department, the system of which includes the organization that developed this document. The field is optional;
field 2 - on the left side - the code according to the product classifier, on the right side - special marks. To be completed for the title page only;
(Amendment. IUS N 1-2018).
field 3 - on the left side - approval stamp, on the right side - approval stamp, carried out in accordance with GOST 6.38, if necessary;
field 4 - the name of the product (in capital letters) and the document on which the title page or LU is drawn up. If the title page is compiled for documents divided into parts, indicate the part number and its name. For an album of documents, indicate the album number and the total number of albums, for example:
MACHINE HORIZONTAL
MODEL 2620V
Dimensional drawings
Total albums 5
Figure 21 - Layout of the fields of the title page and approval sheet
field 5 - the words "Approval sheet"; the field is filled in only for LU;
field 6 - for the title page - the designation of the document (in capital letters), for the album of documents - the designation of the inventory of this album; for LU - LU designation;
field 7 - number of LL sheets. The field is not filled in if the LU is made on one sheet;
field 8 - for the title page: signatures of the document developers, performed in accordance with GOST 6.38. If the document is subject to approval by several officials, then in addition to the signatures indicated in field 3, the remaining signatures are placed on the left side of field 8.
The signatures indicated in the main inscription of the title page must not be repeated on the title page and the approval sheet.
For LU: on the left - approval stamp (if necessary), on the right - signatures of the developers and the normative controller in accordance with GOST 6.38 in the manner established at the developer enterprise.
With a large number of signatures, field 8 is increased by issuing a second sheet. At the same time, it is indicated in the upper right corner: for the title page - "Continuation of the title page", for LU - "Continuation of the approval sheet" and then the name and designation of the document. In this case, at the end of the first sheet indicate: "Continuation on the next sheet";
field 9 - columns 19-23 according to GOST 2.104, placed on the field for filing. It is allowed to place field 9 on field 10 according to GOST 2.004;
field 10 - columns 14-18 according to GOST 2.104 (it is allowed to set the dimensions arbitrarily; the lines separating columns and lines are not applied; the name of the column is not indicated). The field is filled with lines from bottom to top. The field is filled only for LU.
6.10 In case of issuing a license for several documents, in field 8 below the signatures indicate the designation of the documents covered by this license.
6.11 When approving one or more documents with an approval sheet, on the title page in the upper left corner for text documents or above the main inscription for graphic documents, the inscription is made:
Approved LU designation |
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
6.12 A change in the license plate is made in accordance with GOST 2.503 and reflected in additional columns in accordance with GOST 2.104 or GOST 2.004.
Examples of the design of the title page and the approval sheet are given in Appendices B-E.
7 Documentation requirements for two-sided copying
7.1 For double-sided copying, the sheets of the document are doubled with a fold line in the middle. The main inscription is given on both halves of each sheet (Figure 22), with the exception of additional columns, which are placed only on an odd page.
Figure 22
7.2 In the main inscriptions, the name of the column "Sheet" is changed to "S.", and the name of the "Sheets" (on title sheets) to "Pages".
7.3 Separate sheets of the document (for example, the title page or sheets with annexes of graphic content) are published without filling in the reverse side of the copy; odd page numbers are indicated on such sheets, and even page numbers corresponding to them are not indicated, but are included in the total number of pages of the document.
7.4 For documents made by double-sided copying, the format and number of sheets are indicated as follows:
- the format is written as a fraction, where the numerator indicates the format of double sheets of the document, and the denominator - the format of copies, for example A3 / A4;
- the number of sheets is also recorded as a fraction: in the numerator - the number of double sheets of the document, and in the denominator - the number of pages, for example 45 / s.90.
Annex A (informative). An example of executing a text document
APPENDIX A
(reference)
Appendix B (informative). Example of filling field 4 of the title page per book
APPENDIX B
(reference)
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
Annex B (informative). An example of filling out an approval sheet for one document
APPENDIX B
(reference)
(Amendment).
Annex D (informative). An example of filling out an approval sheet for several documents
APPENDIX D
(reference)
Note - Since 2000, the designation of the year in the date is indicated by four digits.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
Annex D (informative). Title page example
APPENDIX D
(reference)
Note - Since 2000, the designation of the year in the date is indicated by four digits.
(Amendment).
Annex E (informative). An example of filling out the title page if there is an approval sheet
APPENDIX E
(reference)
Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
Unified system of design documentation.
Basic provisions: Sat. GOSTs. -
M.: Standartinform, 2011
Revision of the document, taking into account
changes and additions prepared
While working with MS Word documents, it may be necessary not only to type text, but also to insert a picture, make a table, diagram or graph in Word. On our site you can find detailed articles on how to make a table in Word, and how to build a graph in Word. We also wrote about how to merge or split a table in Word.
In this article, we will again touch on this topic. Suppose you have a table in your document that does not fit on one sheet, but occupies two, three or more sheets. According to the design rules and requirements written in GOST, on the second sheet and all subsequent ones, at the top you need to write: "Table continuation…".
Therefore, let's figure out how to insert the inscription Continuation of the table in the Word. I will show you two ways in which this can be done. I have Word 2010 installed, all recommendations will work if you use Word 2007, 2013 or 2016. If you have Word 2003 installed, then everything is done in the same way, only the name of the items and their location may differ slightly.
To begin with, I advise you to turn on the display of non-printable characters, so that it is clear where the break will be added and where the line ending is. If you are not used to using them, then after you make the desired inscription, these signs can be turned off.
To do this, on the "Home" tab in the "Paragraph" group, click the button "Show all characters". After that, in the document, you can see the signs of the beginning / end of a paragraph, spaces, markers for filling the cell with text, and so on.
We sign the continuation of the table: 1 way
Open the desired document and scroll through it to the page where the desired table is located.
Then, on the top sheet, place the cursor at the end of the text in the last right cell and press "Ctrl + Enter".
A page break will be added and it will be divided into 2 parts. Place the cursor after the phrase that appears, near the black vertical marker, and type the desired text.
The added text will automatically be transferred to the second sheet, and the required inscription will be exactly above the line that begins on the second page.
This method is best used if each new data takes one or two lines. If you have one line in the table divided into several cells, and each has a lot of text that occupies not 1, but 5-6 lines, then use the second method.
We make an inscription above the table: 2 way
Now let's consider this option: you have a large table in the document and a lot of text is written in the cells, as in the example. If you just use the first method, then after inserting a break, the last line will automatically be transferred to the second sheet. As a result, there will be a lot of empty space on the first sheet, and this cannot be done, especially in official documents that are drawn up in accordance with GOST.
Click at the end of the text in the lower right cell. Then go to the tab "Working with tables"- "Layout" and in the group "Rows and Columns" click on the button "Insert from below".
Another row will be added to the table. Select it completely by clicking on the left field with the mouse in front of it once. Then on the tab "Home" in the field for the font, type the number "2" - this is the font size, and press "Enter".
The line from the second sheet will move to the end of the first. Click on the lower right cell (the blinking stick will be almost invisible, since the font size is "2" there) and press "Ctrl + Enter".
After that, the table will break into 2 parts. Place the cursor after the phrase that appears where the vertical black stick stands - the end of the paragraph, and type the desired text.
As a result, what we need will be written on the second sheet. Now we need to remove the extra line. Select it and press "Ctrl + X".
This is how it turned out to do everything without transferring the last cells with data from the first sheet to the second.
I hope everything worked out for you, and now you can write the phrase Continuation of the table in just a couple of minutes.
Rate article:When designing text and illustrative material research work it is recommended to be guided by the following documents, which form the basis of the material of the section:
- GOST 2.105-95. "Unified system of design documentation. General requirements for text documents".
- GOST R 7.0.11-2011 "Dissertation and dissertation abstract. Structure and rules for registration".
- GOST 7.32-2001 "Research report. Structure and rules of registration".
- GOST 7.05-2008 " Bibliographic link
- GOST 7.1-2003. " Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and drafting rules".
- GOST 7.80-2000. " Bibliographic record. Title. General requirements and drafting rules".
- GOST 7.82-2001. " Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description electronic resources. General requirements and drafting rules".
- Guidelines for the preparation and defense of abstracts, course and final qualifying works, developed by the departments of the university.
Rules for the design of text material
Text research work usually divided into chapters and paragraphs or sections and subsections, which are numbered with Arabic numerals.
Each new section (chapter) starts on a new page. This also applies to other main structural parts of the work (introduction, conclusion, bibliography, appendices, etc.).
Sections and subsections are given headings that reflect their content, while the headings in the table of contents should exactly repeat the headings in the text. It is not allowed to abbreviate or give headings in a different wording.
Recommended rules for the design of text material are given in Table. 5.2 1 The rules for the design of textual, illustrative material, formulas, tables and applications are prepared on the basis of GOST R 7.0.11, GOST 7.32, GOST 2.105, guidelines for the preparation and defense of final qualification theses, approved by order of the State University-Higher School of Economics dated 11.04.2005 .
| Rule group | Content |
|---|---|
| Rules for the design of the main text |
|
| Pagination Rules |
|
| Rules for the design of headings of chapters (sections) and paragraphs (subsections) |
|
| Rules for numbering chapters (sections) and paragraphs (subsections) |
For example: 1 Trends in the development of information technology 1.1 Evolution of the IT industry 1.2 Enterprise architecture as a basis for the strategic management of information systems 1.3 Architecture process |
Rules for the design of illustrations
Illustrative material may be represented by drawings, graphs, diagrams, business process models, diagrams and other similar material. The recommended drawing rules are as follows.
- Illustrations are numbered in Arabic numerals through numbering or within a chapter (section).
- The illustration must have a title that appears below the figure, in the middle of the line, following the number of the illustration.
- All illustrations should be referenced in the text of the work. The reference should include the word "Figure" followed by its number, for example, "...in accordance with Figure 1" or "...in accordance with Figure 5.1".
- Illustrations are placed under the text in which the link to them is first given, or on the next page, and, if necessary, in the appendix.
- In case of borrowing a picture from any source, a link to this source is required, which is placed after the title of the illustration.
An example of illustration design is shown below (see Fig. 5.2).
Rice. 5.2.
Rules for formatting formulas
When used in text research work formulas, it is recommended to adhere to the following design rules (see Table 5.3).
| Rule group | Content |
|---|---|
| Rules for placing and numbering simple, short formulas, as well as formulas that do not have independent meaning |
|
| Rules for placing and numbering the most important, as well as long and complex formulas |
|
| Rules for formatting links to formulas in the text of the work |
|
| Rules for explaining symbols used in formulas |
|
An example of a formula is shown below.
The calculation of the return on investment capital is carried out as follows:
| (5.1) |
where is the gross profit of the project,
The total investment.
Table design rules
IN research work tables are used for structuring, better visualization of the material, presentation of the results of comparison of indicators, characteristics, criteria, and in many other areas.
Tables, like figures, have titles and serial numbering. The title should reflect the contents of the table, be precise and concise. Recommended rules for the design of tables are given in Table. 5.4.
| Rule group | Content |
|---|---|
| Table placement rules |
|
| Table numbering rules |
|
| Heading rules |
|
| Rules for the design of the main part of the table |
|
| Rules for dividing a table into parts |
|
| Rules for designing borrowed tables |
|
An example of table formatting is shown below.
