Determination of common areas in an apartment building. Lighting of common areas, cost calculation. Lighting Cost Calculation

As specified in Article 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, in an apartment building all places are intended for general use by all residents, and they are in their shared ownership.

The owners of the premises may own and, with certain restrictions, dispose of this property.

Common areas in apartment buildings include:

1. Premises of a residential building that cannot be classified as apartments and their purpose is service. These are elevator shafts and corridors, attic rooms, landings between floors, a technical floor and a basement, as well as other rooms where engineering communications are located.
2. Those premises that do not belong to the property of citizens and are used to meet social and domestic needs. These are rooms for leisure activities or physical education, etc.
3. Roofing, non-bearing and enclosing structures, as well as all equipment (mechanical or plumbing) that is necessary for servicing the premises, if their number is more than 2 pieces.
4. All objects in the local area that help maintain the house and the territory itself, in particular. The area of ​​common areas in an apartment building varies in each case.

Who pays for heating in the entrance and common areas?

The difference between the consumption of the general meter for the house and the individual consumption for all apartments will be divided by each of them, subject to taking into account its area. This means that the difference in the readings on the receipt is marked as an ODN fee.

The heating of common areas in an apartment building, as can be found from the Government Decree, is determined by a special formula prescribed in it.

The volume of the consumed service, which went to the general needs of the house, is distributed among the consumers. For the billing period, the expense cannot be higher than prescribed in the regulations.

Calculation example

For example, if for a year, according to the general house counter, the indicators were 800 Gigacalories, and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe whole house (including apartments and common areas) is 6000 square meters, then we need to calculate how much heat is spent on each m2.

In this case, during the year, 0.133 Gcal had to be spent on heating each meter, and 0.011 Gcal was spent monthly. According to tariff plans, citizens pay 1 Gcal at a cost of 943.60 rubles.

Accordingly, on a monthly basis, each tenant of the house must pay 943.60 * 0.011 * 1.18 (VAT) = 12.2 rubles for heating a square meter in the house. To find out how much to pay for your apartment, you just need to substitute the footage of your home and multiply by this value.

On average, the owner of an apartment with a total area of ​​40 square meters needs to pay 488 rubles a month for heating common areas.

Content Features

If we talk about legislation, then all the rules for the use of the common area and the obligations of the owners are spelled out in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation and the Decree of August 13, 2016.

According to these two documents, all places of common use must be constantly in good condition, the same applies to all communications. The owners of the premises themselves, through the meeting, must decide how, when and at what cost to carry out repair work. Documented terms of these works are not regulated.

A number of points regarding the frequency of scheduled cosmetic repairs of the facade or entrance can be prescribed in the contract for the maintenance of a residential building. At the meeting, the owners themselves need to decide and approve the timing of the repair work.

The need for their implementation is established and prescribed in the act of examining problematic public places. According to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the maximum time period that is allotted for the overhaul of entrances is 5 years.

It is logical that the replacement of windows and other minor work, as well as the replacement of the heating system, is carried out mainly in the summer. This also includes cosmetic work such as painting walls and railings. As for payment, the entire cost of the repairs carried out is included in the fee for the services provided by the management company.

Residents make small monthly payments for repairs to common areas. The amount of such a fee can be approved at the general meeting, if a quorum votes for it and the decision is correctly executed.

In most cities, residents are faced with the lack of the notorious lighting at the entrance and in the stairwell. Previously, the owners paid from their own pockets for the consumed kilowatts, which was included in the tariff item "Housing Services".

Lighting of common areas in an apartment building implies:

1. Performance of work to ensure the supply of electricity to common areas: maintenance and repair of electrical networks, as well as lamps.
2. Maintain all engineering systems (which are common property) in proper condition so that the owners can be supplied with electricity to common areas.

On the one hand, apartment owners can be understood: it is often a surprise for them that they have to pay for electricity spent on general house needs.

In addition, the lights in the entrances are constantly on, the convenience store on the ground floor can “feed” from the house, etc. And on the other hand, since the residents live in high-rise apartments that they own, which means that they will have to pay for the kilowatts spent on lighting this house.

Since the management of the house is transferred to the owners, they are financially responsible for everything that happens in it. Resource supply companies also do not want to incur losses for an unpaid, but supplied resource, so let's take an example of how and who will pay for the light spent on general household needs:

Calculation example

The owner lives in an apartment of 37 square meters. It is located in a house with a total area of ​​900 square meters (including all residential and non-residential premises).

The general house meter showed that 1300 kW of electricity were consumed per month, while 840 of them were spent on lighting apartments and non-residential premises (office, shop, etc.) that are located in the house. The meter in the tenant's apartment recorded that he consumed 70 kW of electricity this month.

To find out how much to pay for electricity that was spent on the needs of the house, it is necessary to subtract the cost of lighting apartments from general house consumption. We carry out calculations: 1300-840 = 460 kW was spent on the needs of the house.

Then you need to find out what part of this amount you need to pay to each apartment owner. To do this, we divide the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment by the common house and multiply by the amount of energy consumed: 37/900 \u003d 0.041 * 460 \u003d 18.91.

Then this value must be multiplied by the tariff set by the regional energy commission. Thus, the owner of the apartment will have to pay 18.91 * 2.57 (local tariff) = 48.59 rubles for electricity that was spent on general house needs.

Cleanliness of the landing

Buying a home on the secondary market is a kind of agreement with the already established rules for cleaning the landing. The buyer has only a couple of options:

1. Follow the rules and try to influence them in the future.
2. Immediately enter into a conflict situation.

In this case, at the general apartment meeting, the management company should be chosen by voting. In this case, the responsibility for cleaning common areas in an apartment building falls on the shoulders of its employees.

Wet cleaning of window sills, walls and windows, sweeping and mopping are all the duties of the management company, which must also monitor the condition of garbage chutes and, if necessary, replace broken containers with new ones.

Since all tenants pay a fee for such services, they must be provided regularly and fully. Any problems should be discussed separately and, if the quality of the services provided is far from ideal, write a statement and change the management company.

Many people receive receipts that show payments for MOS.

What is a MOP?

You will learn about this in this article.

What is MOP in construction

The concept stands for "places of common visit."

These are places that are available for general use, that is, absolutely for everyone.

Such places are the property of the residents of the house. They cannot be sold without obtaining consent. But still outsiders can use them without the consent of the residents.

For example, a guest can stand under the porch of the house in rainy weather or leave the car in the parking lot.

The purpose of these places is the comfort of people. Finishing is rarely done in such places. Their appearance completely unimportant to humans.

It should be noted that some people are afraid of such places. This is because incidents from accidents on the roof to robbery attacks in the entrance very often occur in them.

MOP list

Types of such places:

1. Staircase and elevator.
2. Storage corridor. For example, strollers.
3. Attic.
4. Garage inside the basement in the house.
5. Boiler rooms.
6. Fence.
7. Roof.
8. Railing.
9. Porch.
10. Light or heating inside the entrance.
11. Yard. Perhaps a children's or sports ground.
12. A riser that is used to heat apartments.
13. General purpose valves or taps.
14. Garbage pipe in the entrance.
15. Systems required to connect cable TV or the Internet.
16. Areas designated for smoking.
17. Car parking.
18. Equipment for general use. For example, a general pump or tools.
19. Basement. Not always considered common. Sometimes access to the basement is closed, and the key is with a certain person. Guests will not be able to visit it.
20. Pillar with light near the house.

All the listed premises or items are necessary for the residents of the house, as well as their guests, to feel as comfortable as possible.

Good to know: in some buildings it is fashionable to find a sign with the new abbreviation "KUI", which means nothing more than a pantry for cleaning equipment.

Conclusion

In fact, the abbreviation MOP can also be deciphered as "rag for cleaning and mopping the floor." And also as "junior service personnel." These are employees who perform certain functions.

Watch a video that explains what to do if the cleaning standards for common areas are not met:

This means that residents have the right to use this property and bear the costs of its maintenance, . About what is included in the common areas in an apartment building, we will tell in the article.

Dear readers! Our articles talk about typical ways to resolve legal issues, but each case is unique.

If you want to know how to solve exactly your problem - contact the online consultant form on the right or call free consultation:

You can learn how to make a claim and a statement of claim against the developer to eliminate deficiencies from ours.

Concept and composition

What is included in the area of ​​common areas?

Such public spaces related to collective property of residents, listed directly in the Housing Code (art. 36).

These include four types of objects:

1. The area where the house is located.
2. Any premises not belonging to apartments: elevator shafts and elevators themselves, stairs and stairwells, corridors, halls, platforms, attics and basements.
3. Public gyms, game rooms and other cultural and leisure facilities not assigned to private owners, available in elite residential complexes.
4. Roofing and technical equipment serving for the maintenance of all apartments.

An even more detailed list is given in Government Decree N 491 of 08/13/2006, which defines the rules for maintaining public places.

This document refers to common objects engineering networks, including risers of cold and hot water, sewer system, heating risers, as well as underground parking, built at the expense of apartment owners.

Normative base

Utilities are regulated by a large number of by-laws, which are not easy for a simple tenant to understand.

The most important legal documents on the topic of maintenance of common facilities of an apartment complex are:

• Housing Code;
• Government Decree N 491 of August 13, 2006;
• Government Decree N 290 of April 3, 2013, which defines the minimum list of works and services that a management company must perform to maintain the common facilities of the house in good condition;
• Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 N 170;
• GOST R 51617-2000 "Housing and communal services".

At the level of the code, only the most general legal norms relating to common property rights Houses.

Government Decree N 491 establishes the rules for the provision of services for the maintenance of common facilities in the house. In particular, the types of work that must be performed to maintain these facilities in proper sanitary and technical condition are listed.

It also defines the persons responsible for the performance of these works, with various forms of home management.

The third section talks about ways to pay maintenance costs common objects of the house if there is an HOA in the house and during maintenance.

The Decree of the Gosstroy lists specific standards for the performance of housing maintenance work, such as the frequency of cleaning stairwells.

GOST brings together quality requirements utilities, contained in numerous SanPiNs, and gives links to them.

It defines clear quantitative and qualitative indicators for each of the housing and communal services, such as the volume garbage containers and the frequency of garbage collection, water temperature, etc.

What to do if receipts for payment of tax on a privatized apartment do not arrive? find out right now.

The most important maintenance work common areas in the house are:

1. Regular cleaning.
2. Heating in the cold season.
3. Lighting.

Cleaning

The minimum list of maintenance work for common facilities in the house includes wet and dry cleaning of premises.

Periodicity, with which these works should be carried out, is established in the Decree of the Gosstroy N 170.

In those houses that are equipped with a centralized vacuum cleaning system, dry cleaning and mopping should be done every 5 days, and once a year all surfaces should be washed, including walls, radiators, etc.

Similar norms are enshrined for other houses in paragraph 4.8.14: once every 5 days, windows, batteries and window sills should be swept, 2 times a month - walls, and washing of stairwells should take place at least once a month.

Household cleaning in summer and winter is also regulated by this regulation. For example, in summer, sidewalks must be watered at least 2 times a day, and in winter, during snowfall, snow removal should be completed no later than 6 hours later.

About what measures can be taken if at the entrance irregular or poor cleaning you can learn from this video:

Heating

In the stairwells in winter, the temperature should not be lower than +16 degrees.

This is evidenced by the Decree of the State Construction Committee N 170.

Lighting

Lighting regulations for common areas in the house are fixed in GOST R 51617-2000.

There is a table of illumination for various kinds premises of the house when using fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps.

The brightest room there should be a vestibule with illumination of 30 lux, illumination of 10 lux should be maintained on the stairs, in wheelchairs, halls near apartments and elevators - 20 lux.

The Decree of the Gosstroy says that it is allowed to use time-delay circuit breakers, but in the hall or on the first floor of the stairs, the light bulb should be on all the time of the dark. If the natural lighting of the entrance is not enough, the light in the lobby near the elevator should be on around the clock.

Content payment rules

Since the owners of the apartments act as owners of the common premises in the house, their maintenance falls on their shoulders.

For the maintenance of common areas tenants pay on the line in the receipts "common house needs". In receipts, invoices are issued for ODN for the following utilities:

Scope of services calculated according to common house counters, and if they are not, then according to the standards based on the area of ​​\u200b\u200ball common rooms in the house.

If there is a common house meter, then the amount consumed by apartments and divide the resulting volume between all apartments.

If one or another meter is not installed in one of the apartments, the volume of consumption is calculated according to the standard, and the amount consumed in excess of the standard is added to the general consumption volume.

To determine the share of the general house costs borne by each apartment owner, the total amount is divided by the area of ​​​​all apartments in the house and multiplied by the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment of each owner. That's why owners of larger apartments have a higher fee for ONE.

Responsibility for squatting

Common areas in the house should serve all residents, but often one of the neighbors uses them for their personal needs.

Self-occupation of common premises is illegal and often dangerous.

The first place to go when littering the common corridor with the things of one of the neighbors is the HOA or the management company. They will turn to the guilty with order to remedy the violation.

But if the neighbor does not respond to this, you can contact the fire authorities, since paragraph 23 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 390 of 04/25/2012, which establishes the requirements of the fire regime, is violated. For the guilty may come administrative responsibility.

As we can see, common areas are another type of property that belongs to residents of apartment buildings.

In order for them to be comfortable for living and pleasing to the eye, it is necessary that their content be carefully controlled.

Knowing the standards for the maintenance of common areas, can be achieved from management company to keep them clean and tidy.

You can learn about changes in the procedure for paying for common areas in the video: