Baratynsky's estate. Interesting facts about Baratynsky. Years in Finland
Tambov Region
Places of Russia
Memorable place of the Boratynskys' estate "Mara" with. Sofyinka
The estate was founded by Lieutenant General Abram Andreevich Boratynsky, the father of the famous poet. From February 1799 to 1804, A.A. Boratynsky, together with his wife Alexandra Fedorovna, lived in the village of Vyazhlya (now Maryinka of the Kirsanovsky district), where they had Yevgeny (1800-1844), Sophia (1801-1844) and Irakli (1802-1859 ). After a conflict with his brothers, 5 versts from Vyazhla, he began building a house - near a ravine on the northeastern edge of the forest. The front facade of a wooden one-story house was decorated with a mezzanine with a small balcony above the first floor, a solid glass wall of the greenhouse and a two-story brick tower, which housed the owner's office and the heating system for the greenhouse. In August 1833, the estate of A.A. Boratynsky was divided (legalized only in 1848), according to which Sergei Abramovich Boratynsky became the owner of Mary, who moved the house and outbuildings to a grove on a hillock, closer to the village of Mary (now - Sofyinka, Umetsky district ). At the same time, the architecture and layout of the house were preserved. At this time, his wife was the widow of Baron A. A. Delvig - Sofya Mikhailovna (nee Saltykova).
The main room in the house was the dining room (one wall of it was glass and looked out onto the winter garden): In the middle there was a large oval dining table with a shiny polished surface, covered with light brown cloth. In the corner by the wall adjacent to the greenhouse, there is a concert grand piano, a cabinet with notes; opposite, against the other wall - a set of furniture - a sofa, several armchairs and a round polished table, the whole set is covered with green cloth. Above the sofa is a copy of Raphael's painting "The Sistine Madonna". At the wide triple window, there are two card tables, and a little further against the wall is a tea cabinet. On this cabinet were the busts of A. A. Delvig and B. A. Boratynsky. The dining room furnishings were complemented by a carved ebony dressing table with a table on which stood a beautiful bronze clock under a glass cover, and then a bookcase. On either side of the pier glass hung two miniatures - on one of them the beautiful A.D. Abamelek, wife of Irakli Abramovich Boratynsky, on the other - he himself in full dress military uniform. In the corner there is a low sofa, also covered with green cloth - this sofa was used by the children.<…> another cupboard for everyday dishes and a large tiled white oven.
Beyond the dining room was a living room with a marble fireplace. The living room furniture was modest; by the window was a harmonium made by Sergei Abramovich. Above the fireplace, faced with white marble, was placed a device indicating the direction of the wind (also made by Sergei Abramovich), connected with a weather vane on the roof; on the mantelpiece there was a round gilded bronze clock - according to legend, a gift from the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna on the day of her wedding with the young general Abram Boratynsky. The house also had a Karelian birch piano, which, according to legend, was played by Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka. In his wife's bedroom, Sergei Abramovich arranged "near her bed so that she could press a button and the nets were lowered on the windows so that mosquitoes would not bother her, if you press another, dark curtains would come down."
At the entrance to the estate there were two pillars in the form of obelisks with the image of the coat of arms of the Boratynsky family. In the western part of the estate there was the Intercession Church with a family cemetery. In the early 1810s, the church burned down and by 1818 a stone Church of the Ascension was built in the classical style. The poet's mother Alexandra Feodorovna Baratynskaya, her sister Ekaterina Feodorovna Cherepanova, the second owner of the estate Sergei Abramovich with his wife Sofya Mikhailovna and their children: son Mikhail Sergeevich and daughters Elizaveta (Delvig), Anastasia, Alexandra, whose marble tombstones have survived to this day, were buried in the cemetery. since. To the right of the entrance, in the corner of the cemetery, a place was allocated for the burial of the Gentiles, where the tutor, the Italian Giacinto Borghese, was buried.
In the park, on the edge of the ravine, a grotto was erected - a building whose facade resembled an old semi-Gothic castle. It consisted of several parts, each of which had an independent exit. The central part, with oval, slightly pointed upward windows with colored glass, was a large square hall with a chandelier, which was called the grotto. Here, according to the memoirs of the composer Yu. K. Arnold, who lived in 1839 next to the Boratynskys, two acts of the opera Anna Boleyn by G. Donizetti were staged; the parts were performed by members of the Boratynsky family. On the other side of the ravine, for symmetry, a red-brick tower with a Gothic-looking gate was built.
The guests of the Boratynskys' estate were N.I. Krivtsov, E.A. Dmitriev-Mamonov, Baron A.I.Delvig, N.F. Pavlov, A.D.Baratynskaya (nee Princess Abamelek-Lazareva), A.M. Zhemchuzhnikov, V. N. Chicherin and his brother B. N. Chicherin, C. A. Cui and others.
In 1820-1830, Yevgeny Boratynsky came to Mary and lived here for a long time. Already in 1837 and especially on his last visit to Maru in the fall of 1840 - in the winter of 1841, he noted with bitterness that the estate was falling into decay. Here was written the most famous elegy in Russian, and so called - "Desolation".
After the death of Sergei Abramovich Boratynsky, his wife, Sofya Mikhailovna, became the owner of the estate. After her death, the estate was managed by the daughter of Delvig, Elizaveta Antonovna, who lived here with two unmarried daughters of Sergei Abramovich. She was the initiator of the creation of a stage and musical society in the estate; relatives and neighbors of the estate were involved in the performances; at evening concerts, poems by Pushkin, Boratynsky, Delvig were read, romances were performed. According to the memoirs of E. N. Shakhova, "all the Baratynsky sisters were wonderful musicians, Chicherina Sophia Sergeevna had a special talent, in her youth, visiting Italy with her husband, she performed in Rome at amateur concerts in playing the piano, harp, cello and was a huge success" ...
During the pogroms of the manors' estates in 1905, the estate was almost not damaged. After the 1917 revolution, the estate was nationalized. In April 1919, according to journalist E.V. Konchin, the Vyazhlinsky volost council and the local committee of the RCP raised the issue of perpetuating the memory of E.A. Boratynsky, arranging a museum and a rural library-reading room named after the poet in the former manor house. In a letter dated May 12, 1919, EP Katin wrote: "In my wanderings around the Tambov province, I wandered into the village of Vyazhlya, with which the estate of the poet Boratynsky is located. By some miracle it survived the total extermination. ... There were estates in which literally there was no stone unturned ... Amid this invasion of vandals, by some miracle, the Boratynskys' estate remained intact. There is an agronomic center, and the agronomist Alexander Viktorovich Sokolov lives in the house. All material values \u200b\u200bhave been stolen ... but the spiritual treasures are intact. The complete collection of Delvig's manuscripts, Ryleev's dying letter, Pushkin's letter, Anna Ioannovna's rescripts - that's approximately what is there ... Not to mention the fact that the house itself must be preserved, everything that still exists in it must be preserved with the most careful way ... Get it by all means through Anatoly Vladimirovich<вероятно, имеется в виду Анатолий Васильевич Луначарский> taking urgent measures for proper protection ... "
In August 1919, Kirill Petrovich Speransky, an employee of the scientific libraries department of the People's Commissariat for Education, was engaged in the systematization of the manuscript collection, who took the archive to Tambov, where he made a report at a meeting of the Tambov Society for the Study of Nature and Culture of his native land. In 1920, the archive was moved to Moscow, and then part of it to Petrograd. In 1921 a copy of the painting "Sistine Madonna", the busts of A. A. Delvig and B. A. Boratynsky entered the Kirsanovsky Museum. Soon the manor house was transferred to the Grad-Umetskiy volost committee; after a while a fire broke out in the building. The park was leased to a peasant cooperative "Freedom Association". After the church was closed, grain was stored. In the early 1940s, the cemetery was destroyed, and in 1954 the church building was demolished into bricks.
Throughout the 19th century, the Boratynskys' Mara estate was a kind of cultural center. Something irresistible attracted many famous people of that time here. Poems were read and discussed here, philosophical disputes were held, paintings were written, music sounded, operas were staged. The Tambov estate of the Boratynskys can rightfully be called a "noble nest", since the children of the most enlightened class of the Russian state were born here, grew up and received their initial education.
In the Tambov region, the name of the great poet is not forgotten. Until recently, the Mara estate was a ruin of a foundation, a hewn park, a dilapidated necropolis. But thanks to the efforts of the Tambov and Michurin ethnographers, literary critics, the road was repaired, the necropolis was restored, since 1984 in the village of Sofyinka, holidays have been annually held - the days of poetry by E.A. Boratynsky, the Museum of E.A. Boratynsky.
Note
The poet's surname has a double spelling. In the second half of the 19th century, spelling through the letter "a" prevailed - Baratynsky; it arose during the life of Yevgeny Abramovich solely on the initiative of his first publishers and with him the poet entered literature. However, representatives of the ancient noble family of the Boratynskys signed their letters and business papers with the letter "o" - the Boratynskys. This is evidenced by the inscriptions on the gravestones of the members of the family, now located in the cemeteries of St. Petersburg, Moscow, Tambov region.
Information and tourist portal of the Tambov region http://www.turtmb.ru/
- Kazan. House of Boratynsky
- Kazan. E.A. Boratynsky Museum
- Museum of E.A. Boratynsky (Baratynsky). Excursion
- White Hall
- Blue room
- E.A. Boratynsky. early years
- Frustration
- Military service
- Literary victories
- E.A. Boratynsky and V.A. Zhukovsky
- Pink room
- Family of E.A. Boratynsky
- E.A. Boratynsky and Kazan
Evgeny Abramovich Baratynsky was a brilliant Russian poet of the first half of the 19th century. His surname is spelled differently. The museum in Kazan is called the Museum of E.A. Boratynsky, but in Russian transcription in all sources the spelling of the surname is taken through "a". When this metamorphosis occurred and for what reason, we did not find out. In this article, we will adhere to the spelling adopted in the Kazan Museum.
Kazan. House of Boratynsky
The Museum of the Russian Poet is located in a small noble estate at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. They built a house for Countess Vera Apraksina. He changed owners several times, was rebuilt. In 1869, the estate was acquired by the poet's son, Nikolai Evgenievich Boratynsky. Thus, Evgeny Abramovich never lived or even visited this house. I would call the exposition not the Museum of E.A. Boratynsky, but the Museum of the Boratynsky. The family was rich in worthy representatives, including writers. But the most famous of them was undoubtedly Yevgeny Abramovich.
Kazan. E.A. Boratynsky Museum
The collection began with Vera Georgievna Zagvozdkina, a teacher of Russian language and literature at Kazan secondary school No. 34. The museum was opened as a school museum in 1977. Already in 1981, he received the status of a state. After all, the descendants of Anastasia and Yevgeny Boratynsky, their relatives and friends, donated the poet's original things and other memorial items to the collection of the school museum. I will not list them, we will get acquainted with the artifacts at the exhibition.
The collection moved to the house of V. Apraksina - N. Boratynsky in 1991. At first, the museum was occupied only by the western wing. The long-term restoration was completed in 2015 and the E.A. Boratynsky Museum acquired its current appearance.
Museum of E.A. Boratynsky (Baratynsky). Excursion
To be honest, the E.A. Boratynsky Museum was not included in the program. We entered it by accident. But we were so fascinated by the collection and the excursion that the attendant of the museum led us that I had a burning desire to tell about Evgeny Abramovich, and about his descendants, and about the museum itself.
Let's walk with us through the halls of the museum. At other times they served as living and ceremonial rooms of the owners.
From a small hallway, guests enter the White Hall.
Museum of E.A. Boratynsky. White Hall
In the White Ballroom of the House-Museum, it is appropriate to recall Evgeny Abramovich's great-granddaughter, Olga Aleksandrovna Ilyina-Boratynskaya, who lived in this house. Olga Alexandrovna is known as a poet of the Silver Age and a writer of the Russian Diaspora. She lived a long life, was born in 1894, died in Bose in 1991. OA Boratynskaya-Ilyina emigrated to the USA, where she wrote her autobiographical novel “Dawn of the Eighth Day” (1951). The Russian translation of the novel was called “Eve of the Eighth Day”. In her novel, O.A. Boratynskaya describes the white hall as we see it now:
“The hall was the center of the universe. The earth's axis ran from the depths of the world right into the middle of this room, where the parquet was laid with a star under a large chandelier. "
Here is a star. 
And here is the chandelier. 
Another quote is a poem by O.A. Ilyina-Boratynskaya.
“In this long, white room
There were dark portraits
There were white columns
And stucco ceilings
And the aliens surrounded
Old covenants
These guardians of enlightened
Poetic melancholy.
Seeking the Truth of God
In this house they said
About the invisible leading to her
And the only way
About the fight against evil and lies
And what kind of effort
There is one thing to pass
This truth cannot be passed.
Museum of E.A. Boratynsky. Blue room
In the house of Nikolai Evgenievich Boratynsky, the Blue Room served as a dining room. Here, visitors will get acquainted with the childhood and youth years of Evgeny Abramovich's life. He was born on the estate of Mary in the Tambov province. Father - Abram Andreevich served as adjutant general, mother - Alexandra Feodorovna was the maid of honor of the imperial court.
Father of the poet, A.A. Boratynsky Among the paintings presented, we will see portraits of the poet's mother, Alexandra Fedorovna and paternal uncle - Ilya Andreevich Boratynsky.
A children's portrait of the poet is also presented. 
E.A. Boratynsky. early years
In 1808, Eugene was sent to a private German boarding school in St. Petersburg. His father died two years later. In 1812, the boy was assigned to the Corps of His Imperial Highness Pages. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Corps of Pages was the most prestigious educational institution of the Russian Empire. The years of study began. At first everything went smoothly. Eugene often wrote to his mother, in one of his letters he left a description of St. Petersburg:
“Petersburg struck me with its beauty ... how many boats and how many sailing ships, how many ships ...
now, in moments of rest, I translate and compose small pieces. "
Evgeny's relationship with the teachers and peers of the Corps of Pages was not easy. He complains to his mother:
“I had hoped to find friendship, but I have found nothing but indifference and sincere courtesy” ...
Concerned about her son, Alexandra Feodorovna presented him with a book - a guide to human characters. It was published in Paris in 1813, the author is Johann Lavater, in the Russian translation the book was called “The art of knowing people about their appearance, gait and demeanor”, \u200b\u200bin the original - “L'art de connaître les hommes: sur leurs attitudes , leurs gestes et leurs démarches "
The book is in a case on a bookcase. There she is.
Page of Johann Lavater's book “The Art of Learning about People About Their Appearance, Gait and Demeanor” The bookcase where the book is kept is made in the jacob style. 
E.A. Boratynsky. Frustration
In 1816, an event happened that turned the whole life of young Boratynsky. Everything would not be so if ... But it happened that the corps cadets formed a small group, calling themselves the "Society of the Avengers." Not without the influence of Schiller and his "Robbers". The "Avengers" annoyed teachers, played naughty, amused themselves with practical jokes and antics. One teenager, most likely driven by a desire to stand out, brought his comrades the key to his father's office. “The Avengers” stole 500 rubles from the bureau and grabbed a tortoiseshell snuffbox in a gold frame. How could children spend their money? First of all, we bought sweets. Considering the prices of the beginning of the century before last, this amount could have bought the entire pastry shop! But the details are unknown. And the consequences were sad. Sixteen-year-old Eugene was expelled from the Corps of Pages without the right to enter public service, except for the soldier's.
None of the worries of my mother and the intercessions of my uncle and relatives helped. Eugene went to Mary, to his mother. Later he lived with his uncle in the Smolensk province.
E.A. Boratynsky. Military service
A new stage in his life began in 1819, when Boratynsky entered a private in the Life Guards Jaeger Regiment.
View of the Imperial Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. Etching by I.A. Ivanov, 1815. Here he met Anton Antonovich Delvig, young people described their life as follows:
“Where the Semyonovsky regiment, in the fifth company, in a low house,
The poet Boratynsky lived with Delvig, also a poet.
They lived quietly, they paid little for the apartment,
They had to go to the shop, they rarely dined at home ... "
Anton brought Eugene together with Alexander Pushkin, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker. Together they created the "Union of Poets" brotherhood.
“Pushkin, Delvig, Baratynsky are twins of the Russian muse,” wrote Pyotr Vyazemsky about them.
“In the unknown corner of Petrograd,
In the shade of the trees, in the darkness of the garden,
Do you remember that house, friends,
Where is your faithful family
Leaving boredom outside the door
Connected in a noisy circle ... "
Evgeny Boratynsky.
In the museum, this period of the poet's life is represented by the personal belongings of Baron Delvig. 
A special rarity is a champagne glass.
Glass for champagne Flute (Flute). Glass, faceting. First half of the 19th century
A fragment of a poem by E.A. Boratynsky about a similar glass:
“Full of sparkling moisture,
You hissed, my glass!
And covered the mist with welcome
Your frozen crystal ...
You are not met by noisy brothers,
The ruler of violent orgies:
A voluptuous freethinker
I drink alone this day. ”...
The glass comes from the former Boratynskys' estate, Shushary. According to family legend, the thing belonged to the Boratynskys.
In 1820, E.A. Boratynsky was assigned to the Neyshlotsky Army Regiment, stationed in Finland. Here the poet wrote his most famous elegies, including Finland and Waterfall.
E.A. Boratynsky. Literary victories
"Waterfall". Evgeny Baratynsky
Noise, noise from the steep summit
Don't be silent, the stream is gray!
Will connect a lingering howl
With a drawn-out recall of the valley.I hear: aquilon whistling,
Shakes the spruce tree,
And with bad weather the reoices
Your rebellious roar agrees.Why, with mad anticipation,
Am I listening to you?
Why does my chest tremble
Some kind of prophetic trembling?I stand like a spellbound
Over your smoky abyss
And, I think, I understand with my heart
Your speechless speech.Noise, noise from the steep summit
Don't be silent, the stream is gray!
Connect the lingering howl
With a drawn-out recall of the valley!
In 1976 Vera Georgievna Zagvozdkina, the founder of the museum, received a priceless rarity as a gift. Director of the Museum-Estate "Muranovo" Kirill Vasilievich Pigarev, great-grandson of F.I. Tyutchev gave her a book, the first edition of EA Boratynsky's works "Ed, a Finnish story, and Pira, a descriptive Poem." 
“Here is a new poem by Boratynsky ... this is an example of grace, grace and feeling. You will be delighted with her ",
- wrote Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin to Praskovya Alexandrovna Osipova in 1826.
E.A. Boratynsky and V.A. Zhukovsky
During his service in Finland, V.A. Zhukovsky became the poet's patron. Therefore, in the Blue Room there is a portrait of the tutor of the future Emperor Alexander II and his three etchings from the series "Views of Tsarskoye Selo". Vasily Andreevich completed them in the 1820s.
V.A. Zhukovsky. Etching from the series "Tsarskoe Selo" Museum of E.A. Boratynsky. Pink room
The exhibition continues in the Pink Room. I will introduce our volunteer guide. With what brilliance she conducted the excursion, other professionals should learn from her! 
During the life of Nikolai Evgenievich Boratynsky, the Pink Room was used as a nursery, later as a classroom. Its last inhabitant was the great-grandson of Yevgeny Abramovich, the artist Alexander Alexandrovich Boratynsky, who lived in the world for only 19 years.
The room breathes a family atmosphere, the tiled stove gives it real comfort. 
The exposition of the Pink Room tells about the poet's family life.
We parted with Boratynsky in the Neyshlotsky regiment. In the then capital of Finland, Helsingfors, E.A. Boratynsky served at the headquarters of Zakrevsky. Service in Finland brought new friends and passionate love. Evgeny was carried away by Agrafena Fedorovna Zakrevskaya, the wife of General Zakrevsky.
Passion caused not only suffering, but also many poems. One of them is “No, rumor deceived you” or “Assurance”.
“No, rumor deceived you,
I still breathe you
And over me your rights
You have not lost over the years.
To others I smoked incense,
But you were carried in the shrine of the heart;
Praying for new images
But with the concern of an old believer. "
In 1825, the promotion to officer followed, which means the opportunity to resign. Yevgeny Abramovich was not going to leave the service hastily. But the matter was accelerated by the illness of the mother. Denis Vasilievich Davydov played a significant role in the fate of E.A. Boratynsky. He personally interceded before Zakrevsky for the resignation of Boratynsky. Since the winter of 1826, the poet's petition was satisfied and he settled in the Moscow house of the poet-partisan on.
Family of E.A. Boratynsky
In the capital, new acquaintances and friends. Major General Lev Nikolaevich Engelhardt is among them.
Portrait of the Engelhardt family. Copy of A.E. Boratynskaya, the poet's daughter, from the original by Karl Bardou. Mid 19th century
Soon a new friend became his father-in-law - Eugene made an offer to Engelhardt's daughter, Anastasia Lvovna. The wedding took place in June 1826.
The couple first lived in Moscow. Evgeny Abramovich entered the civil service, but in 1831 he finally resigned.
E.A. Boratynsky. Phototype from an unpreserved drawing. 1840s In marriage, the Boratynskys had seven children - three sons and four daughters.
Portrait of a young man from the Boratynsky family. Unknown artist, (Tropinin school?) First half of the 19th century. Spouses with children lived in Moscow, then in the estate near Moscow Muranovo. Anastasia Lvovna received the estate as a dowry. Colored lithographs with views of the First Throne are dedicated to the Moscow period.
Antique furniture reminds of Muranovo. 
E.A. Boratynsky and Kazan
Part of the exhibition in the Pink Room tells about life in the Caymars. In addition to Muranovo, Anastasia Lvovna inherited the rich Kaimary estate of the Kazan district. The exhibition presents a watercolor - a view of the Church of Kirill Belozersky in the village of Kaimary. 
This is what the temple looked like in the recent past. 
The poet also visited Kazan. The museum contains genuine rarities, including the poet's writing desk. Family legends say that it was at this table that Boratynsky's famous elegies were created. Among them - "My Elysium", inspired by the death of A.A. Delvig.
“Do not glorify, deceived Orpheus,
Elysian villages for me:
Elysium in my memory
And do not sprinkle oblivion with water.
In it is the world of blooming antiquity
The shadows inhabit the dead,
Life habits keep
And her feelings are not deprived.
You live there, Delvig! there over the bowl
You are still joking with me
Eat the fun of our friendship
And hearts are young dreams. "
The 1830s are considered a period of crisis in the poet's literary work. Writing activity is declining.
"He went his own way, alone and independent"
- wrote about him A.S. Pushkin in the unfinished article "Baratynsky".
The secretary presents the collected works of Boratynsky in 1835 and a reprinted edition of the collection "Twilight". Pay attention to the bone paper knife - this is a genuine thing that belonged to the poet. 
In the Pink Room, a table lamp deserves attention. It is also genuine, belonged to E.A. Boratynsky.
Green lamp. Belonged to E. A. Boratynsky. The beginning of the 19th century. And in no case miss two artifacts: a porcelain cup of Evgeny Abramovich from the Kaymars house
and A.L. Boratynskaya's podchastnik box. It depicts a magnificent boar hunting scene. (We missed a photo from the museum's website http://boratynskiy.tatmuseum.ru).
Baratynsky Evgeny Abramovich, whose biography arouses sincere interest among fans of poetic lyrics, is a famous Russian poet of the 19th century, a contemporary and friend of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.
Childhood
Born on February 19, 1800 in a poor family of nobles living in the Tambov province. His mother, Alexandra Feodorovna, was a maid of honor, and his father, Abram Andreevich, was an adjutant general.
From early childhood, the boy spoke foreign languages. French was adopted in the Baratynskys' house; at the age of 8, Zhenya spoke it fluently. He learned Italian thanks to his uncle, the Italian Borghese, and studied German in a private boarding school in St. Petersburg, where his parents sent him in 1808.
In 1810, the father died, and the mother - an intelligent educated woman - completely shouldered the care of her son's upbringing. In 1812, Eugene entered the Corps of Pages in St. Petersburg. There, with a certain group of comrades, he took part in pranks, which ended very sadly for him. One of them bordered on a crime (theft) and became the reason for the exclusion of a young man from an educational institution without the right to enter public service, except for the soldier's.
This shameful incident had a profound effect on 15-year-old Eugene. The young man was more than once ready to say goodbye to life. As if through a gloomy glass, Yevgeny Baratynsky began to look at the world around him. His poems had a pessimistic mood, bordering on mental anguish, endured torments of shame.
Baratynsky Evgeny Abramovich: biography
After the expulsion, Baratynsky went to the Tambov province, to the village to his mother. Periodically visited his uncle - Admiral B. A. Baratynsky, who lived in the Smolensk province. Life in the countryside fully awakened his poetic talent in Eugene. The rhymed lines of the early period were rather weak, but over a couple of years Baratynsky gained confidence and his own individual style.
In 1819, Yevgeny Baratynsky, whose poetry is studied in the school curriculum, was enrolled in the Petersburg Jaeger Regiment as a private. Interest in literature during this period prompted him to the fact that the young author purposefully began to seek acquaintance with writers. His work was appreciated by Anton Antonovich Delvig, who had a significant impact on the writing style of Baratynsky. The writer morally supported the young man, helped in publishing his own works and introduced him to such famous writers as Pyotr Pletnev, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker, and Alexander Pushkin.
"I am reckless - and no wonder!" - Evgeny Baratynsky refers to Delvig in this poem, written in 1823, where he talks about his heartfelt sufferings, and the publication of the book “Two stories in verse”, which included Baratynsky’s poems “Ball” and Pushkin, became a manifestation of friendship with Alexander Sergeevich. Count Nulin. "
Years in Finland
In 1820, Yevgeny Abramovich Baratynsky, whose biography arouses the sincere interest of fans of his work, in the rank of a non-commissioned officer, he was sent to the Neyshlotsky regiment based in Finland. There he stayed for 5 years. He led a calm, secluded life. made up a couple of officers with whom he met at the regimental commander. This period, which left the deepest impressions in the mind of Baratynsky, was vividly reflected in his poetry. The harsh land was described in the poems "Waterfall", "Finland", "Eda".
Epigrams, madrigals, elegies and Baratynsky's messages began to appear in the press from time to time. The poem "Feasts", published in 1820, brought him special success. At this time, Eugene became close to the memoirist and historian N.V. Putyata, with whom he kept his friendship until the end of his days. Nikolai Vasilyevich described Yevgeny as a thin, pale man, whose features expressed the deepest despondency.
Baratynsky Evgeny Abramovich: interesting facts
Thanks to Putyata's petition in 1824, Eugene was allowed to come to Helsingfors (the capital of Finland). There he was at the corps headquarters of General Zakrevsky and was very much carried away by his wife Agrafena. The poet dedicated a lot of poetic lines to his muse ("To me with noticeable rapture", "Justification", "No, rumor has deceived you", "Fairy", "Ball", "I am reckless - and no wonder!"). Yevgeny Baratynsky suffered a lot because of this love. Later, the conqueror of men's hearts had an affair with Alexander Pushkin.
Meanwhile, Baratynsky's friends stubbornly sought for him to be awarded an officer rank and all the time ran into refusal from the emperor. The reason for this was the independent nature of the writer's work, his oppositional statements. Baratynsky was not a Decembrist, but the ideas that were embodied in the activities of secret societies completely captured his mind. Political opposition was reflected in the epigram on Arakcheev, the elegy "The Tempest", the poem "Stanza". Finally, in 1825, Eugene was promoted to officer, which gave him the opportunity to control his own destiny. He settled in Moscow, started a family (Nastasya Lvovna Engelgard became the wife of Yevgeny Baratynsky) and soon retired.
Baratynsky's settled life
His life became monotonous; his wife had a restless character, which caused a lot of suffering to Eugene and influenced the fact that many friends moved away from him.
Peaceful family life smoothed out in the poet all that rebellious, violent that tormented him in recent years. The poet lived first in the capital, then on his estate (the village of Muranovo), then in Kazan, and often traveled to Petersburg.
In 1839 Baratynsky met Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov. In Moscow, he became friends with such writers as N.F. Pavlov, A. S. Khomyakov, I. V. Kireevsky, S. A. Sobolevsky. The result of the first period of Yevgeny Baratynsky's work was the collection of his poems published in 1827.
Baratynsky's creativity
The defeat of the Decembrist uprising abruptly changed the social life of Russia, which could not but affect the poetry of Baratynsky. Themes of loneliness, great sorrow, glorification of death as "the resolution of all chains" ("Death", "What are you, days for", "The last death", "Little baby", "Why should a slave dream of freedom?") Came to the fore in his work. The poems sharply feel the pessimistic motives of grief, the doom of art, the inferiority of human nature, the impending death of mankind.
In 1832, the magazine "European" began to be published; Baratynsky became one of the active authors. There were only two editions of the publication, after which the magazine was banned. The great Russian poet, deprived of a strong motivation for verbal labors, fell into a hopeless, aching melancholy.
In 1835, the second edition of his works was published, which seemed at that time to be the completion of his career. The last book published during Baratynsky's lifetime was the collection "Twilight" (1842), which united the poems of the 1830-1840s and dedicated to Prince Andreyevich. It clearly expresses the contradiction between historical progress and the spiritual and aesthetic nature of man.
Travel to Naples
Since the end of 1839, Yevgeny Abramovich Baratynsky (years of life - 1800-1844) with his wife and nine children lived in the Muranovo estate near Moscow, which later belonged to the Tyutchevs. The poet liked the village life: he was happy to do the housework, without stopping his creative searches.
In 1843, Baratynsky Yevgeny Abramovich, whose biography was coming to an end, went abroad with his older children and wife, spent six months in Paris, met with writers and public figures of France. To acquaint the French with his poetry, the poet translated several poems into their native language.
In 1844, Baratynsky went by sea to Naples via Marseille. At the beginning of the journey, he felt unwell, moreover, doctors warned him about the possibility of adverse effects of the sultry climate of Italy. Upon arrival in Naples, Baratynsky's wife suffered a painful seizure of nervousness, which had a very strong effect on Yevgeny Abramovich. He had a sharp increase in headaches, which often bothered him. The day after the incident - July 11, 1844 - Baratynsky died suddenly.
The poet's body was transported to St. Petersburg and buried at the Lazarevskoye cemetery, in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery.
Baratynsky's poetry - the poetry of thought
As the great Russian poet Alexander Pushkin said, Baratynsky's poetry is the poetry of thought. The poet of the new era, a romantic with a complex mental world full of grief and sorrow, who invested great personal passion in art, was original, because he thought correctly and independently. Belinsky rightly believed that of all the poets - contemporaries of Pushkin, Baratynsky Yevgeny Abramovich took the first place. His work is a huge legacy for the modern generation. After the death of Baratynsky, a long period of almost complete oblivion of his works began. Interest in the poet's work revived in the late 20th - early 21st centuries.
The school curriculum includes a poem written by Yevgeny Baratynsky in 1832 - "Spring". With unique trepidation and tenderness, the author conveys all the singularity of the arrival of spring. Nature under the pen of Baratynsky seems to come to life, breathe and sing.
Quite the opposite mood in the poem "Where is the sweet whisper ...". Evgeny Baratynsky describes the arrival of winter, its chilling cold, gloomy sky and an angry raging wind.
Evgeny Baratynsky was considered by his contemporaries the greatest poet of Russia. His elegies and epigrams were read in literary salons. Descriptions of nature and love lyrics were admired by fellow poets. For unknown reasons, he was relegated to the background, but remains a significant figure in Russian poetry of the 19th century.
Childhood and youth
Evgeny Abramovich Baratynsky was born on February 19, 1800 in the family of retired lieutenant general Abram Andreevich Baratynsky and Alexandra Fedorovna, nee Cherepanova. Both spouses belonged to the highest nobility. Abram Andreevich was in the retinue of the Life Guards Grenadier Regiment. Alexandra Feodorovna was educated at the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens, she served the Empress.
For faithful service to the brothers Abram and Bogdan, the emperor presented the Vyazhlya estate in the Tambov province, where Eugene, the eldest son among eight children, was born. In 1804, the owners divided the property and the family of Abram Andreevich moved to the outskirts of Vyazhla, where a new manor house Mara was built on the edge of a picturesque ravine. The poet's early childhood passed there. The elegy "Desolation" is written in Mara, dedicated to memories.
Eugene and his brothers were educated by the Italian Giacinto Borghese, whose memory shortly before his death the poet dedicated the poem "Uncle the Italian". The family spoke French, and the first letters the boy sent home from the St. Petersburg boarding house were written in French. At the age of eight, Baratynsky began to study German in a private boarding school, at twelve he entered the Corps of Pages.
In 1810, his father suddenly died, the family returned to the estate from St. Petersburg. The preparation of his son for admission to the most prestigious institution of the Russian Empire was controlled by his mother. From letters to his mother, the poet's biographers know about his moods of that time. The teenager was distinguished by a gloomy structure of thoughts, read philosophical treatises, but was preparing for service in the navy.
The plans were not destined to come true. In the spring of 1814, the young man was left for the second year for poor diligence in his studies. The company of Eugene's friends devoted most of their time not to lessons, but to pranks. The self-named "Society of Avengers" harassed unloved teachers with cruel jokes. The fun ended badly - friends stole from the father of one of the boys a tortoiseshell snuffbox in a gold frame along with money.
As a result, the company was expelled from the Corps by personal order of General Zakrevsky for theft without the right to enroll in other educational institutions. It was only possible to serve with the rank of a soldier. This story changed the fate of Baratynsky. He returned to the estate, thought a lot and began to write poetry.
The poet's brother, Irakli Abramovich Baratynsky, who successfully graduated from the Corps of Pages, rose to the rank of lieutenant general. He served as governor of Yaroslavl, then Kazan, sat in the Senate.
Literature
In 1819, his creations were already published in magazines. Contemporaries appreciated Baratynsky's work for the depth of his feelings, tragedy and anguish. The poet's friends, who were the first critics, praised the graceful syllable and the interweaving of verbal lace, the originality of the style.
Anton Delvig was the first to appreciate his outstanding talent and published one of Baratynsky's poems without the author's knowledge. Admired the work of the young poet, Peter Pletnev, Nikolai Gnedich,.
Baratynsky wrote the lyric poems and the poem "Eda" that became famous during his service in Finland, where he spent five years with the rank of non-commissioned officer. The poet was inspired by the beauty of the wild northern nature and the charming Countess Agrafena Zakrevskaya, wife of the Governor-General of Finland Arseny Zakrevsky. Nature and emotions are woven together in the form of a stream in the poem "Waterfall".
There are several interesting facts about Baratynsky that are usually not told about in literature lessons. For example, about the poet's monstrous illiteracy. Being fluent in Italian, French and German, the poet did not know the grammar and punctuation of the Russian language. Of the punctuation marks, he recognized only a comma. Before publication, he gave his poems to Delvig for editing.
He passed the manuscript to his wife, Sofya Mikhailovna, with a request to rewrite it to the point. But there were no dots - the poems ended with commas. Even Yevgeny wrote his own surname differently. He signed the first poems: "Evgeny Abramov, son of Baratynskaya." In the publication of works and in the last collection, the variant was used - "Boratynsky".
The family name comes from the name of the Boratyn castle in Galicia. The version with the letter O is embossed on the gravestone, and the spelling with the letter A was fixed in the biography thanks to the letters of Pushkin, who, talking about the works of his friend, called him "Baratynsky".
The poetry of Yevgeny Baratynsky was criticized from different points of view. The Decembrists reproached the poet for the absence of a civic position and the excessive influence of classicism. There was a lot of romanticism in the texts for critics, but not enough for the regulars of literary drawing rooms. By the end of his life, the author himself edited his early works, removing from them the lyricism and knurled style, which also did not find understanding among the fans of the talent.
Personal life
The poet was married to Anastasia Lvovna Engelhardt, daughter of a major general. As a dowry for his wife, Yevgeny received a strong position in secular society and rich estates, in particular - Muranovo near Moscow, which became the ancestral home of a large family, and later a museum named after. There is still a house built under the leadership of Baratynsky, the forest he planted is growing.
The young were married on June 9, 1826. However, by the standards of the 19th century, at 22, Anastasia was already considered a quite mature person. She was reputed to be intelligent, but ugly, distinguished by a delicate literary taste and a nervous character. Nine children were born in the marriage.
The young husband threw away dreams and took up the arrangement of life. According to his letters from the thirties, Baratynsky seems to be a conscientious owner and father. The poems “Spring, spring! how clean the air! ”, in which the poet simply enjoys life, and“ The wonderful city will sometimes merge ”, in which he notes that“ the instant creations of a poetic dream disappear from the breath of extraneous vanity ”.
Death
The latest collection of poems, "Twilight", was severely criticized by critics. Especially distinguished himself, with whom Baratynsky polemicized until his death. In the opinion, Belinsky is guilty of the early death of Baratynsky, since he wounded the poet's sensitive soul with a dismissive tone and offensive comparisons.
In the fall of 1843, Baratynsky and his wife set off on a trip to Europe. Visits major cities in Germany, lives in Paris for six months. In the spring of 1844, travelers sail from Marseille to Naples. At night, the poet wrote the prophetic poem "Piroscaph", in which he expressed his readiness to die.
In Naples, Anastasia Lvovna had a seizure, which greatly affected her husband. The headaches that had long tormented Baratynsky intensified. The next day, June 29, 1844, the poet died. Heart rupture is the official cause of death. In August 1845, the poet's body returned to his homeland, to St. Petersburg. Yevgeny Baratynsky was interred at the Novo-Lazarevskoye cemetery, located on the territory of the monastery.
Bibliography
- 1826 - poem "Ed"
- 1826 - the poem "Feasts"
- 1827 - collection of poems
- 1828 - poem "Ball"
- 1831 - poem "Concubine" (original name "Gypsy")
- 1831 - story "The Ring"
- 1835 - collection of poems in two parts
- 1842 - collection of poems "Twilight"
- 1844 - "Piroscaf"
... Fragrant May has risen on the meadows,
And Philomela awoke,
And Flora is sweet on rainbow wings
The updated one flew to us ...
E.A. Boratynsky "Spring" ("Elegy")
In my electronic archive there are photographs of a trip to the places of the Boratynskys' estates in the Umetsky district of the Tambov region on May 4, 2006.
First, we visited the village of Sofyinka, where the Mara estate was located - the "orphanage of infants" of the poet Yevgeny Boratynsky. Only the necropolis, restored in 2000 - to the 200th anniversary of the poet's birth, and the abandoned park, to which the poet dedicated his famous poem "Desolation", have survived from this estate.
In the dictionary of V.I. Dahl is given a definition of the word "mara", which is very accurate to describe the area where the Boratynskys' estates were located: "Mara is mana, confusion, obsession, charm, dream, dream; ghost, optical illusion and the ghost itself." Indeed, in a hot summer (hot, dry), when the surface of the steppe heats up, it begins to soak - the lower layers of air flow and distort distant objects, giving rise to a haze, a mirage. If you leave the steppe valley into a small forest, to the Vyazhlya River in its place where the small river Mara connects with it, then you can witness morning mirages. The temperature contrast of the air in the ravine gives rise to fogs that rise upward from the water surface, "dissolving" the shapes of trees and distorting space. Thus, nature itself filled the Boratynskys' forest, park and garden with ghostly visions, mysterious illusions, consonant with the era of romanticism.
Over time, the concept of "Mara" as "optical illusion" in the minds of its inhabitants from the area of \u200b\u200bspecific physical phenomena, as you can see, moved to the area of \u200b\u200bfigurative perception - "dreams", "dreams", "charm". We find him in verses dedicated to Yevgeny Boratynsky's native place.
We drove up to the modern village of Sofyinka, which stretches along the Vyazhlya River. In fact, since the 18th century, there was one extended village of Vyazhli (Pokrovskoye), from which later, by division between the heirs, settlements were formed: Derben, Maryinka, Sofyinka, Varvarinka, Natalinka, Ilyinovka, Sergievka, Yadrovka and Kozlovka.
In the distance you can see the former manor house of Markov, a neighbor of the Boratynskys. The house itself was built by S.S. Bashmakov, but its last owner was a deputy of the III and IV State Dumas N.L. Markov. Now this building houses a school, which until recently bore the name of the poet. Several years ago, due to the reduced number of students, it was "optimized" and merged with the Ilyinovskaya school ...
Before the revolution, the landscape of this place was inspired by the Ascension Church, erected in 1818 at the expense of the poet's mother Alexandra Feodorovna Boratynskaya (nee Cherepanova).
In the ancestral necropolis of the Boratynskys, the poet's relatives are buried: his mother, brother, nieces and nephew ...
Today, near the place where the Boratynskys' manor house, built in 1804, stood, there is a meadow on which horses graze.
Manor house in Mare. Photo by M.A. Boratynsky. Early 20th century
E.A. Dmitriev-Mamonov. Near the grotto in Mary Park. OK. 1861 g.
Now on the site of the Grotto there is only a depression in the ground, in which trees have grown ...
Paths have been preserved on the slopes of the ravine. One of them leads to a spring.
On September 15, 2005, on the day of the 125th anniversary of the birth of Metropolitan Benjamin (Fedchenkov), a spring in the name of the Ascension of the Lord was consecrated in the Mary ravine. ( Metropolitan Benjamin's father was the manager of one of the Boratynsky estates -Ilyinovka.)
The future Metropolitan Benjamin (Fedchenkov) at the Grotto in Mary Park. Photo of the early 20th century.
Mary Park with its elegiac mood influenced the work of Yevgeny Boratynsky. Memories of its oak groves, winding paths, the noise of trees sweep by with a light echo of the past, a nostalgic note in the poet's letters and poems:
"... Write to me, please, is there a currant in our garden, how trees grow, how they are looked after, are the paths tidy?" (from the boarding house to mamma in Maru in 1812).
"... Your holidays will be splendid, spring is in full swing, I imagine how beautiful the heavens and the sun are. Our lot is not so happy: good weather has not yet arrived, and the winds bring cold and moisture from the sea. It torments me, for I love spring and I'm waiting for her arrival ... Being almost alone with nature, I see her as a true friend and talk to you about her ... as I would speak about Delvig if I were in Petersburg ... Farewell, dear mama, I can imagine how you are now are busy with trees and a vegetable garden, and I present with pleasure - for this is a pleasure for you ... "(from Finland to mama in Maru, 1823).
When recollecting his childhood, the image of his native nature, which taught him "true" feelings, obviously emerged in the poet's mind. The park was perceived as a classroom - a kind of "classroom" in which he studied the basics of a subject called "life":
When, barely breathing for an unknown life,
I looked at the lovely world with quiet joy, -
With what delight I embraced nature!
How beautiful the light was! Alas! didn't know then
I am raging passions in innocent carelessness:
Child cherished by desert nature
Only her matured, heeded only her;
Shining of the sun, solemn rays
A quiet joy poured into my heart;
It was discouraged with nature in bad weather;
I did not know the joys, I did not know the torment of leisure,
In a moment he could not foresee another moment;
I was too happy with the calmness of ignorance;
Beatitudes alien and alien suffering
The clock flashed invisibly above me ...
Oh, am I destined to see my native land,
Friends left behind, friends always beloved,
And rest your heart in the shade of your dear trees
From Leguve's poem "Memories", freely translated by E. Boratynsky (1820).
