Technological regulations in construction. Technical regulation in construction

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

MOSCOW STATE BUILDING UNIVERSITY

SPECIALTY “Building Design”

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL REGULATION

Technical regulation in construction

Executor:

Ivanov I.I.,

iAF student –V-4

full-time department.

Signature___________

Scientific adviser:

Slesarev M.Yu.,

professor, doc tech. of sciences

Signature___________

moscow, 2010

LIST OF ACCEPTED ABBREVIATIONS

TR - technical regulation

Federal Law - Federal Law

RF - RUSSIAN FEDERATION

INTRODUCTION

Purpose of work: to get acquainted with technical regulation in the construction complex of the Russian Federation.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set:

To get an idea of \u200b\u200bthe main provisions of technical regulation, fixed in the law “On technical regulation”.

Consider the fundamental technical regulation “On the safety of buildings and structures”.

The object of research is technical regulation in construction. The subject of the study was the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation”.

The research methodology is a study of legislation in the field of technical regulation, articles in specialized journals.

The structure of the abstract is built on the principle of general to particular. The first chapter provides information on new principles of technical regulation in Russian Federation. The second chapter is devoted to the study of technical regulations “On the safety of buildings and structures”.

CHAPTER 1. BASIC PROVISIONS OF TECHNICAL REGULATION

The Federal Law “On Technical Regulation”, which entered into force on July 1, 2003, makes fundamental changes to the existing system of technical regulation in construction. The law governs relations arising from:

development, adoption, application and implementation of mandatory requirements for products, processes of production, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal;

development, acceptance, application and fulfillment on a voluntary basis of requirements for products, processes of production, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal, work or services;

conformity assessment.

The law provides that all mandatory requirements for products and services are established only by technical regulations, which are determined by federal laws and decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation.

Technical regulations should contain minimum requirements to ensure the safety of products (services) and the scope of application of mandatory requirements is therefore minimized.

A 7-year transitional period to new technical regulations is envisaged. New technical regulations are adopted only to ensure:

protection of life or health of citizens, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property;

protecting the environment, life or health of animals and plants;

warning actions that mislead purchasers.

The adoption of technical regulations for other purposes is not allowed.

According to the new legislation, there are two types of technical regulations: general technical regulations and special technical regulations. The general technical regulation of construction contains requirements that are mandatory for application and compliance with respect to all types of products, processes (methods) of production, operation and disposal, and is adopted on the following issues:

safe operation and disposal of machinery and equipment;

safe operation of buildings and structures;

hydrometeorological safety;

fire safety;

sanitary and epidemiological safety;

electrical safety;

environmental safety;

industrial safety.

General technical regulation can be adopted only by federal law.

The special technical regulation contains requirements that take into account technological and other features of certain types of activities or products. Special TR is adopted by federal law or by decree of the Government of the Russian Federation. If a special TR is adopted by federal law, the technical regulation, previously adopted by a resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation, establishing mandatory requirements for the same products, processes (methods) of production, operation and disposal, becomes null and void.

Special technical regulations in the field of atomic energy use are adopted by resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation.

The technical regulation contains requirements for the characteristics of products, processes (methods) of production, operation and disposal, and not for the design and execution, with the exception of cases in which the development goals of the TR are not achieved. It also establishes the conformity assessment form applicable to the object of technical regulation, identification features for the purposes of mandatory confirmation of conformity, sampling, testing, control of the certification body over the certification object (if provided for by the conformity confirmation scheme) and other procedures necessary to achieve the goals technical regulations.

International and (or) national standards can be used in whole or in part as a basis for the development of draft technical regulations, unless the use of international and (or) national standards   not fully ensures the achievement of the goals of adoption of the regulations.

Chapter 2. Technical regulation "On the safety of buildings and structures"

The technical regulation “On the safety of buildings and structures” entered into force in July of this year. TR “On the safety of buildings and structures” replaces the current TR “On the safe operation of buildings and structures”. The changes were initiated by the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation. According to A.I. Perelygin, this is due to the fact that the operation of buildings, structures and structures is only an intermediate link in the life period of buildings, structures and structures, which includes such stages as: preliminary engineering surveys, design, construction, operation, demolition and land reclamation. All components of the life period affect the life and health of citizens, property protection, and environmental protection. At the same time, the basics of safe operation are laid at the stages of engineering surveys, design and construction and installation works. http://allformgsu.ru

Thus, the wording “safe operation”, enshrined in the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation”, does not comply with established Russian and world terminology and does not cover the entire life period of buildings, structures, structures.

The basis for the development of the draft technical regulation was used Directive 89/106 of the ESS - the main regulatory act of the European Union with regard to construction products. In the draft technical regulation "On the Safety of Buildings and Structures", the object of technical regulation is the object of capital construction.

Identification of the object of technical regulation was carried out on three grounds:

by appointment (residential, public, industrial buildings, etc.);

according to the level of responsibility (increased, normal, reduced - the safety factors, laid down in the calculation formulas when performing design work) depend on the level of responsibility;

in relation to conformity assessment forms - objects are divided into three groups:

• objects with mandatory state expertise and supervision;

  objects without state expertise and supervision;

  objects of individual housing construction.

A list of objects with mandatory and optional expertise is presented in the Town Planning Code. The objects of individual housing construction include detached houses with no more than three floors intended for one family, as well as garages, baths and other buildings and auxiliary facilities. http://allformgsu.ru

The structure of the technical regulation complies with the requirements of the federal law "On Technical Regulation". It includes three main parts:

safety requirements for buildings and structures;

requirements for ensuring the safety of buildings and structures at all stages of the life cycle of construction products (at the stage of design documentation, construction, operation, demolition);

conformity assessment forms.

The technical regulation establishes six types of safety for construction products:

mechanical safety;

fire safety;

safety in difficult natural and man-made conditions;

requirements for safe living conditions (biological, chemical, radiation safety);

safety requirements for use (electrical safety, thermal safety).

requirements for safe environmental impact.

Fulfillment of the specified safety requirements in relation to a specific building, structure will ensure its safety as a whole.

Forms of conformity assessment are divided into two large groups: state and non-state. State forms of conformity assessment include state examination, state construction supervision, acceptance of facilities into operation, state operational control, construction permits, and commissioning permits.

CONCLUSION

Thus, the state ensures safety in construction by the introduction of relevant technical regulations. The remaining requirements for construction products (works, services) are not regulated. It is assumed that such a restriction of state regulation will remove administrative and bureaucratic barriers, and will increase the responsibility and competitiveness of the structures of the construction complex.

The goal of the study was achieved.

LIST OF USED SOURCES AND LITERATURE

Federal Law N 184-ФЗ "On Technical Regulation" .- Consultant Plus .- www.consultant.ru/popular/techreg/. AND http://allformgsu.ru/

Draft Federal Law "On Technical Regulations" On the Safety of Buildings and Structures ".- Rossiyskaya Gazeta.-www.rg.ru / 2008/07/30 / reglament-zakonoproekt.

Perelygin A.I. - On Amendments and Addenda to the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation” // Construction Safety. - No. 2, 2006.

Article “Standard schism.” - “Rossiyskaya Gazeta” - Federal Issue No. 5239 (160) of July 22, 2010 http://allformgsu.ru/

2. TECHNOLOGICAL REGULATIONS

3. ACCEPTANCE TESTS

Asphalt concrete pavements of streets and roads should be accepted for delivery 10 days after the opening of traffic to a vehicle. Upon delivery, the contractor shall submit:

Design and estimate documentation;

Act of acceptance of the grounds;

Acts for closing potential disruptions;

Magazine of production work on the coating device;

Passports for the types and types of asphalt mixtures used;

Results of random tests of mixtures.

An instrumental assessment of the quality of the coating is carried out to meet the requirements for evenness, continuity, transverse and longitudinal profiles, etc. A visual assessment of the state of the coating is carried out according to signs that are not amenable to measurement and quantification.

4. BASIC SAFETY RULES

Allowed to work on the installation of asphalt concrete pavement are persons who have reached the age of majority, have undergone a medical examination, and an introductory briefing on safety measures. The briefing is documented. The chief engineer of the construction unit (firm) and the manufacturer of the work are responsible for maintaining safety.

Workers and scientific and technical revolution should be provided with warm overalls and special footwear of the established sample and a signal vest. Hand tools must be working.

When unloading mixtures from a car-dump truck into the hopper of the paver, it is forbidden to find the working hopper. The movement of the car, especially in reverse, is corrected by the signals of a specially dedicated worker.

In the area of \u200b\u200bwork skating people are strictly prohibited. All mechanisms operating in the dark should be equipped with signal lighting and have an audio signal.

Rest of people is allowed only in a warm domestic room equipped with devices for heating water and heating food.

In the living room should be a first-aid kit with medicines and dressings.

The law on technical regulation was adopted in 2002 and was intended to launch the process of restructuring the system of relations between business entities in the post-Soviet space in the field of standardization and technical regulation. One of the reasons for the development of this law was the process of accession to the WTO. It was believed that the system of outdated Soviet standards was to be reorganized over a certain period of time into a new regulatory system, unified, in particular, with the European one. The developed Law introduced the concepts of new documents regulating the regulatory system, namely the Technical Regulations. This led to the fact that the previously existing GOSTs, SNiPs and other standards, like, became optional, and Technical regulations had not yet been developed. The government has established the development of technical regulations as soon as possible. Some regulations for today have been developed and adopted, while some have remained projects. However, in the new Technical Regulations, instructions were clearly given that all GOSTs and SNiPs remain the main guiding technical standards.

The following are the main Technical Regulations regarding the relationship system in the construction and production of building materials.

Construction is an industry of increased danger. Therefore, compliance with technical regulations should be given special attention. Recently, several new documents have appeared. They will help to navigate the requirements.

The legislative framework

The fundamental document for this issue is the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184-ФЗ “On Technical Regulation”. In accordance with it, technical regulations are developed. But they establish only the minimum necessary requirements that ensure safety, uniformity of measurements, etc., with the exception of individual cases when it is necessary to establish requirements directly "to the execution of products."

Such an exception is the construction industry. Therefore, for builders, a special document was additionally adopted - Federal Law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-ФЗ “Technical Regulation on the Safety of Buildings and Structures”. It has been operating since June 30, 2010.

The Regulation establishes mandatory requirements for the safety of buildings and structures of any purpose (including engineering networks included in them), as well as related processes for the survey, design, construction, installation, commissioning, operation and disposal (demolition).

These include requirements:

1) mechanical safety;

2) fire safety;

3) safety in hazardous natural processes and phenomena and (or) man-made impacts;

4) safe for human health living and staying in buildings and structures;

5) safety for users of buildings and structures;

6) accessibility of buildings and structures for the disabled and other groups of the population with limited mobility;

7) energy efficiency of buildings and structures;

8) a safe level of environmental impact of buildings and structures.

They are listed in paragraph 6 of Article 3 of Law No. 384-FZ.

The Regulation determines that in order to ensure compliance with the established requirements on a mandatory basis, the List of national standards and codes of practice approved by the Government of the Russian Federation (paragraph 1 of article 6, paragraph 3 of article 42 of law No. 384-FZ) must be applied.

Mandatory list   national standards

By order of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 21, 2010 No. 1047-r, the specified list (hereinafter - List No. 1047-r) was approved and entered into force on the same day. In this connection, now not a single building and structure can be put into operation if it specifications   do not comply with national standards and codes of practice.

Note: the documentation for all unfinished objects (or built earlier) does not need to be retroactively brought into compliance with the standards.

The fact is that the requirements established by law No. 384-FZ do not apply (before reconstruction or overhaul):

To buildings and structures commissioned before the entry into force of such requirements;

To buildings and structures, construction, reconstruction and overhaul   which are carried out in accordance with the design documentation approved or sent for state examination prior to the entry into force of such requirements;

For buildings and structures, the design documentation of which is not subject to state examination and an application for the issuance of a building permit was filed before the entry into force of such requirements (paragraph 1 of article 42 of law No. 384 - FZ).

Voluntary List of GOSTs

In addition, Law No. 384-FZ (Clause 7, Article 6) stipulates that the National Standardization Body of the Russian Federation should publish and place in the public information system a list of standardization documents that are applied on a voluntary basis. Such a list was approved by order of Rostekhregulirovanie dated June 1, 2010 No. 2079.\u003e | The Regulation on the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology replaced its abbreviated name: instead of Rostekhregulirovanie, the name Rosstandart is now used (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 9, 2010 No. 408 ). |<

According to Law No. 184-FZ, the voluntary application of standards and (or) codes of rules is a sufficient condition for compliance with technical regulations (paragraph 4 of article 16.1). Assessment of the compliance of facilities with the requirements of regulations can be carried out on the basis of confirmation of their compliance with such standards or codes of practice.

Non-application of standards and rules is not non-compliance with the requirements of regulations. In this case, the use of other documents for conformity assessment is allowed.

Explaining the position of this rule, the following can be noted.

The voluntary application of standards means that you voluntarily make your choice in favor of using these standards. So, if you voluntarily, for example, in the project declaration declare the application of this list (approved by order No. 2079), you thereby voluntarily accept the obligation to use it.

In what other cases does the use of the voluntary list become mandatory? Here are a few possible situations.

1. In the contract, the parties (customer and contractor) agree on the use of this particular “voluntary” list.

Then it becomes mandatory for the contractor for the entire duration of the construction (construction work) or preparation of documentation in the framework of relations regulated by this contract.

2. The work is carried out for state needs (under the state contract), and the requirement to use the voluntary list was contained in the tender documentation.

3. The designer, contractor may prefer the “voluntary” list, since it focuses on the great past experience in developing such documents, which serve as a certain guarantee of achieving a positive result. Otherwise - until the expert conclusion confirms that the entire structure complies with the mandatory requirements - there is a risk of uncertainty.

Example.
Among the standards that are mandatory for use are GOST 25100-95 “Soils. Classification". Sections 3-5; Appendix A (List approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1047-p).

And in the list, applied on a voluntary basis (approved by order of Rostekhregulirovanie No. 2079), there are a number of GOSTs on soils:

GOST 5180-84 Soils. Laboratory methods for determining physical characteristics;

GOST 5686-94 Soils. Field test methods in piles;

GOST 12071-2000 Soils. Sampling, packaging, transportation and storage of samples;

GOST 12248-96 Soils. Laboratory methods for determining the characteristics of strength and deformability, etc. (p. 91-112, 114-117).

Accordingly, the contractor, unless the parties to the contract specifically stipulate the application of List No. 2079, can take all the necessary measurements by other methods, and the customer will not be entitled to refer to poor-quality work in such a situation.

About the application of lists

Article 6 of the law of No. 384-FZ defines the following.

1. National standards and codes of practice are mandatory for application (paragraphs 1, 4).

2. The authorized body shall approve the list of documents, as a result of which, on a voluntary basis, compliance with the requirements of the law is ensured (paragraph 7).

In accordance with this and the provisions of Article 42 (paragraphs 3, 4), two lists were approved, which we described above. What is the procedure for their application? That is, is it possible to use only the second list, since it ensures compliance with the requirements of law No. 384-FZ? The fact is that the application of the first list is mandatory. And the use of the second is possible. So, if any norms are defined by the documents of the first list, they must be used in the design and construction.