Articles on those building regulations. Mandatory list of national standards. Hot mix pavement
2. TECHNOLOGICAL REGULATIONS
| Process composition | Key process parameters | Materials used | Tools, fixtures, means of mechanization Land area, built-up area and the ratio of the area of \u200b\u200bthe base to the built-up area. Budget appraisal of the project. Drawings and specifications should include the following. The position of the proportional scale plan is at least 1. The plan, height and sectional view of the building with a proportional scale of at least 1. The device of pavements with a monolithic asphalt concrete slab on the gravel layerDimensional structure and materials of elements with a proportional scale of at least 1. The necessary structural calculation prescribed by the municipal or district competent building authority. Necessary building illustrations and equipment calculations prescribed by the municipal or district competent building authority. |
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| Preparatory work |
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| Fencing of the work area and installation of signal signs. Work area lighting | Installation of standard guard panels across the road on both sides and along the road. Signs are set that determine the permitted direction of traffic. New and existing directions and directions of unloading. Design specification. After receiving the documents submitted by the owner to apply for a building license or a different license, the municipal or district competent building authority must complete the examination within 10 days and issue a license to qualified candidates. But the term can be extended to 30 days when the building is used for the public or has complex structures. The municipal or district competent building authority should verify the specified elements of the working drawings and specifications of the building, and the architect or together with professional engineers must authenticate and answer for the remaining items. For buildings of a special construction or equipment, competent experts or institutions or organizations with relevant knowledge and experience may be sent or appointed for the examination, and the costs of the examination or authentication must be borne by the owner. In the dark, the zone is illuminated by red warning lights or flashing lights, the area is illuminated | The transverse fence is installed at a distance of 2 m from the zone when the traffic stops completely or at a distance of 5-10 m when working on half the road with transport passes on the second half of the road. Examination or authentication of the abovementioned subjects must be performed by those who have completed the relevant college specialties or have passed entrance exams or other equivalent special exams, and are appointed in accordance with the law and have more than three years of engineering experience. The indicated items and the payment standard indicated in the first paragraph will be determined by the Ministry of the Interior. Before applying for a building license, the owner must list related issues, submit drawings and pay the registration fee, ask the municipal or county competent building authority to conduct a preliminary examination. During the inspection, special attention should be paid to safety. building construction. Signal signs are installed in front of the fence at a distance of 15 m from the border of the zone towards the movement. Illumination of the site of the working area is carried out at the rate of 300 W per 1000 m 2, when working at night, portable lights and spotlights can be used | Standard lattice or solid panels, plastic cones, etc. Standard road signs: “No traffic”, “No entry”, “Right, left”, “Obstacle avoidance direction”. Standard luminaires with protective caps If the aforementioned related issues are considered qualified during the preliminary examination, the owner can apply for a construction license within 6 months from the date of the above qualifications, and the municipal or district competent construction authority will approve the issues considered. The subjects of the preliminary examination indicated in the first paragraph, the procedure for submitting applications and exams, as well as the standard of payment, will be determined by the central competent authority of the construction. In the case of an application for a building license or another license, if it is considered that the application does not comply with this Code or the regulations issued in accordance with this Code, or restricts the local city plan or regional plan, the municipal or county competent construction authority should list in detail unqualified items and within the time period specified in Article 33, notify the owner of the correction. | Mobile power station (PES), forklift truck, crowbars, shovels, tools for electrical work |
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| Foundation preparation | Base cleaning | The base is cleaned of dirt, snow and ice | For cleaning, you can use a sand-salt mixture to accelerate melting After receiving the first notice of correction, the owner must completely correct the issues listed in the notification and apply for a repeat exam within 6 months. If the application for a repeat examination is not submitted within the deadline, or if the application is still not qualified for re-examination, the competent construction authority may reject the application. The owner must complete the construction in accordance with the approved working drawings and specifications; To change the design before or during construction, the application must be submitted in accordance with this Code. However, if the main structure or location does not change, the height or area does not increase, and the contents or location of the construction equipment does not change, the built-in plan and types of elevations can be prepared and sent for verification immediately after the construction is completed. | Grader or mechanical brushes. Shovels, scrapers, brooms |
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| Base drying | Wet areas should be dried immediately before installation. asphalt mix | Hot sand | Infrared heaters. Compressor with purge hoses. Mechanical brushes. Shovels, scrapers, brushes In case of loss of a building permit, the owner must declare the permit as useless in the newspaper and re-apply for a new one. Upon receipt of the aforementioned application, the initial department issuing the permit must reissue the license within 5 days and charge a fee for reapplying the license. If the owner cannot obtain a building permit or other license within 3 months from the receipt of a notice that notifies the owner of the acceptance of the permit, the competent construction authority may revoke the permit. The construction site must be connected to the construction lines, and the minimum width of the connection will be determined by the municipal or district competent construction authority. If there are square or permanent spaces around the building, the width is not limited if the municipal or county competent construction authority considers that this never burdens the security. |
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| Main works |
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| Asphalt paving device | Asphalt Mix Delivery | Delivery of the mixture to the place of installation is carried out by heavy vehicles. To reduce heat loss during transportation, vehicles with insulated or heated bodies should be used. The mixture during transportation should be covered with cotton mats, tarpaulins, etc. Delivery of the mixture is carried out intensively and rhythmically, continuously. Downtimes are excluded The soil surface of the construction site should be higher than the surfaces of adjacent roads, and the ground floor slab should be higher than the surface of the site if it does not burden the drainage of the site or there is no additional waterproof and drainage equipment provided in accordance with the purpose of the building. If the building is equipped with an arcade, the surface of the earth may not be higher or lower than that of the adjacent arcade, unless it is approved by the municipal or district competent construction authority due to factors related to the territory. The municipal and county government must indicate the minimum area, width and depth of the construction site in accordance with local circumstances. If the area of \u200b\u200bthe construction site does not reach the minimum value, no building can be built if the minimum area, width and depth are not achieved by adjusting or merging with adjacent lands. | Hot asphalt mixes for dense asphalt concrete. The temperature of the mixture before unloading into the hopper of the stacker is not lower than 150 ° C | Front end dump trucks. |
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| Asphalt Mixing | Mixing is carried out by pavers. Prior to installation, the screed should be heated with a nozzle. The dump truck approaches the paver from the side opposite to the direction of its movement and, changing the tilt angle of the body, gradually unloads the mixture into the receiving hopper. Mixing starts immediately after unloading and is carried out continuously until the mixture is fully developed in the hopper. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe working bodies of the paver, a small amount is left hot mix to maintain their temperature during small stops. To prevent the formation of longitudinal seams, it is advisable to lay the mixture immediately over the entire width of the carriageway with several pavers. When working with one stacker, for a good mating of adjacent laying strips, the gripping length is reduced so that the newly laid strip adjoins the warm edge of the laid strip. At air temperatures of about 0 ° C and below, the length of the grapple is reduced to 20-25 m. When distributing the mixture, the tamper of the paver is constantly working. If after the asphalt paver passes on the surface of the pit, sinks are found, they must be corrected by adding hot mixture before compaction begins. The paver speed is selected from the condition that a portion of the 6 ton asphalt mix is \u200b\u200bproduced in no more than 10 minutes The municipal or county government mediates within 1 month from the date of receipt of the application. If mediation fails, the owner of the land ownership of the construction site or the owner of the land of adjacent land may pay the purchase price in accordance with the currency amount of compensation for expropriation in order to request the local government to expropriate and then sell the land within the specified minimum area, width and depth. Compensation uses the market price for the expropriation of land or the cost of reconstruction for the expropriation of buildings. | - // - | Wheeled or tracked pavers. Hand rammers, shovels, rakes, scrapers, brooms, engines. |
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| Compaction of the laid layer of the asphalt mix | Compaction of the asphalt mix begins immediately after its laying. Compaction begins immediately with heavy rollers (10-18 tons) in 15-20 passes on one track. The speed of the rollers at the beginning of compaction is no more than 2 km / h (first 5-6 passes). Rolling the mixture is carried out immediately to the entire width of the laid strip. The number of rollers in the link should be increased by 1.5-2 times in comparison with their number during normal operation. The movement of the rollers should be staggered. It is advisable to use vibratory rollers and pneumatic tires. Particular attention is paid to rolling in the mating areas of the laying strips. Measures are taken to heat the rollers, it is advisable to fill the smooth rollers of the static rollers with hot water. Adhesion of the mixture to the rollers prevents them from wetting with salt water. Defects resulting from rolling on the coating are immediately eliminated by the hot mixture. In the event that the owners of the rights have any disputes, the amount of compensation will be evaluated by the Committee for the assessment of the value of land plots. The sale of expropriated land is not subject to the procedure described in Section 25 of the Land Act. In order to sell a plot of land, an advertisement must be published within 30 days, and a notice is given to the applicant. After the expiration of the declaration period, when other interested parties do not file a dispute, the land will be sold to the applicant and a certificate of transfer of rights will be issued. In the event of any dispute, land is sold through public bidding, but the original applicant has a preemptive right to purchase. If the proceeds of the sale through tendering exceed the compensation for expropriation, the surplus must be provided to the original owner of the ownership of the expropriated land. | Hot water, salt water (salt to water in a ratio of 1:10) | Heavy rollers, smooth-rolled, biaxial and triaxial static action. Rollers of combined (static and vibrational) action, rollers on pneumatic tires. Rulers-warmers with elements of infrared radiation. Hand tool used when laying the mixture. About the application of listsIf a part of the land specified in the first paragraph is in state ownership, it may be sold to the owner of the property of adjacent land at the declared current value of the land or part of the adjacent land. Municipal and district competent construction authorities should study the provisions on the use of fragmented land in accordance with the above two articles and local circumstances and report to the Ministry of the Interior on extradition and enforcement after approval. |
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3. ACCEPTANCE TESTS
Asphalt concrete pavements of streets and roads should be accepted for delivery 10 days after the opening of traffic to a vehicle. Upon delivery, the contractor shall submit:
Design and estimate documentation;
Act of acceptance of the grounds;
Acts for closing potential disruptions;
Magazine of production work on the coating device;
In an area that is likely to be damaged by tides, floods, floods or landslides, where there are no protective equipment to ensure safety, the municipal or district competent building authority should work with other relevant departments to prohibit construction in this area to allocate ranges and install signage.
Chapter 4 Boundary Lines. Municipal and district competent construction authorities define the boundaries of roads that are already declared as construction lines. If the detailed plan indicates that the buildings should be canceled, this recipe applies. For existing routes other than those described in the above paragraph, structures are constructed differently if they are deemed necessary by the municipal or district competent building authority, and the method of determination should be prescribed in the rules of construction management.
Passports for the types and types of asphalt mixtures used;
Results of random tests of mixtures.
An instrumental assessment of the quality of the coating is carried out to meet the requirements for evenness, continuity, transverse and longitudinal profiles, etc. A visual assessment of the state of the coating is carried out according to signs that are not amenable to measurement and quantification.
Buildings that will be constructed along two sides of roads declared in accordance with this Code, but not constructed or expanded, must be canceled in accordance with the lines designated by the municipal or district competent authorities.
Voluntary guest list
For security traffic, places for a landscape or other requirements, municipal and district competent authorities can develop rules to cancel buildings at road crossings and run into rivers, lakes or squares.
4. BASIC SAFETY RULES
To work on the device asphalt concrete pavement Allowed are persons who have reached the age of majority, who underwent a medical examination, an introductory briefing on safety measures. The briefing is documented. The chief engineer of the construction unit (firm) and the manufacturer of the work are responsible for maintaining safety.
The installation of asphalt concrete pavements at low air temperatures
The foregoing recovery provisions must be submitted to the Ministry of the Interior for review and approval. Buildings may not stand out from buildings unless they are approved by the municipal or district competent building authorities for monumental buildings, as well as buildings necessary for public welfare or in the short term, and do not affect traffic.
Municipal or district competent construction authorities must expropriate land for which collection is carried out in accordance with Articles 49 and 50, and compensation for expropriation must be in accordance with the City Planning Law.
Workers and scientific and technical revolution should be provided with warm overalls and special footwear of the established sample and a signal vest. Hand tools must be working.
When unloading mixtures from a car-dump truck into the hopper of the paver, it is forbidden to find the working hopper. The movement of the car, especially in reverse, is corrected by the signals of a specially dedicated worker.
In the area of \u200b\u200bwork skating people are strictly prohibited. All mechanisms operating in the dark should be equipped with signal lighting and have an audio signal.
Rest of people is allowed only in a warm domestic room equipped with devices for heating water and heating food.
In the living room should be a first-aid kit with medicines and dressings.
Construction is an industry of increased danger. Therefore, compliance with technical regulations should be given special attention. Recently, several new documents have appeared. They will help to navigate the requirements.
The legislative framework
The fundamental document for this issue is the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184-ФЗ “On Technical Regulation”. In accordance with it, technical regulations are developed. But they establish only the minimum necessary requirements that ensure safety, uniformity of measurements, etc., with the exception of individual cases when it is necessary to establish the requirements directly “to the execution of products”.
Such an exception is the construction industry. Therefore, a special document was additionally adopted for builders - Federal Law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-ФЗ “ Technical regulations on the safety of buildings and structures. ” It has been operating since June 30, 2010.
The Regulation establishes mandatory requirements for the safety of buildings and structures of any purpose (including engineering networks included in them), as well as the related processes of research, design, construction, installation, commissioning, operation and disposal (demolition).
These include requirements:
1) mechanical safety;
2) fire safety;
3) safety in hazardous natural processes and phenomena and (or) man-made impacts;
4) safe for human health living and staying in buildings and structures;
5) safety for users of buildings and structures;
6) the accessibility of buildings and structures for the disabled and other groups of the population with limited mobility;
7) energy efficiency of buildings and structures;
8) a safe level of environmental impact of buildings and structures.
They are listed in paragraph 6 of Article 3 of Law No. 384-FZ.
The Regulation determines that in order to ensure compliance with established requirements, the List of national standards and codes of practice approved by the Government of the Russian Federation (paragraph 1 of article 6, paragraph 3 of article 42 of law No. 384-FZ) must be applied.
Mandatory list of national standards
By order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2010 No. 1047-r, the specified list (hereinafter - List No. 1047-r) was approved and entered into force on the same day. In this connection, now not a single building and structure can be put into operation if its technical characteristics do not comply with national standards and codes of practice.
Note: the documentation for all unfinished objects (or built earlier) does not need to be retroactively brought into compliance with the standards.
The fact is that the requirements established by law No. 384-FZ do not apply (before reconstruction or overhaul):
To buildings and structures commissioned before the entry into force of such requirements;
To buildings and structures, construction, reconstruction and overhaul which are carried out in accordance with the design documentation approved or sent for state examination prior to the entry into force of such requirements;
For buildings and structures, the design documentation of which is not subject to state examination and an application for the issuance of a building permit was filed before the entry into force of such requirements (paragraph 1 of article 42 of law No. 384 - FZ).
Voluntary List of GOSTs
In addition, Law No. 384-FZ (Clause 7, Article 6) stipulates that the National Standardization Body should publish and post in the public information system a list of standardization documents that are applied on a voluntary basis. Such a list was approved by order of the Rostekhregulirovanie dated June 1, 2010 No. 2079.\u003e | In the Regulation on the Federal Agency for technical regulation and metrology replaced its abbreviated name: instead of Rostekhregulirovanie, the name Rosstandart is now used (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 9, 2010 No. 408). |<
According to Law No. 184-FZ, the voluntary application of standards and (or) sets of rules is a sufficient condition for observing the requirements of technical regulations (clause 4 of article 16.1). Assessment of the compliance of facilities with the requirements of regulations can be carried out on the basis of confirmation of their compliance with such standards or codes of practice.
Non-application of standards and rules is not non-compliance with the requirements of regulations. In this case, the use of other documents for conformity assessment is allowed.
Explaining the position of this rule, the following can be noted.
The voluntary application of standards means that you voluntarily make your choice in favor of using these standards. So, if you voluntarily, for example, in the project declaration declare the application of this list (approved by order No. 2079), then thereby voluntarily accept the obligation to use it.
In what other cases does the use of the voluntary list become mandatory? Here are a few possible situations.
1. In the contract, the parties (customer and contractor) agree on the use of this particular “voluntary” list.
Then it becomes mandatory for the contractor for the entire duration of the construction (construction work) or preparation of documentation in the framework of relations regulated by this contract.
2. The work is carried out for state needs (under the state contract), and the requirement to use the voluntary list was contained in the tender documentation.
3. The designer, contractor may prefer the “voluntary” list, since it focuses on the great past experience in developing such documents, which serve as a certain guarantee of achieving a positive result. Otherwise - until the expert conclusion confirms that the entire structure complies with the mandatory requirements - there is a risk of uncertainty.
Example.
Among the standards that are mandatory for use are GOST 25100-95 “Soils. Classification". Sections 3-5; Appendix A (List approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1047-p).
And in the list applied on a voluntary basis (approved by order of the Rostekhregulirovanie No. 2079), there are a number of GOSTs on soils:
GOST 5180-84 Soils. Laboratory methods for determining physical characteristics;
GOST 5686-94 Soils. Field test methods in piles;
GOST 12071-2000 Soils. Sampling, packaging, transportation and storage of samples;
GOST 12248-96 Soils. Laboratory methods for determining the characteristics of strength and deformability, etc. (p. 91-112, 114-117).
Accordingly, the contractor, unless the parties to the contract specifically stipulate the application of List No. 2079, can take all the necessary measurements by other methods, and the customer will not be entitled to refer to poor-quality work in such a situation.
About the application of lists
Article 6 of the law of No. 384-FZ defines the following.
1. National standards and codes of practice are mandatory for application (paragraphs 1, 4).
2. The authorized body shall approve the list of documents, as a result of which, on a voluntary basis, compliance with the requirements of the law is ensured (paragraph 7).
In accordance with this and the provisions of Article 42 (paragraphs 3, 4), two lists were approved, which we described above. What is the procedure for their application? That is, is it possible to use only the second list, since it ensures compliance with the requirements of law No. 384-FZ? The fact is that the application of the first list is mandatory. And the use of the second is possible. So, if any norms are defined by the documents of the first list, they must be used in the design and construction.
