Technical regulations adopted in construction. Technical regulation in construction

The law on technical regulation was adopted in 2002 and was intended to launch the process of restructuring the system of relations between business entities in the post-Soviet space in the field of standardization and technical regulation. One of the reasons for the development of this law was the process of accession to the WTO. It was believed that the system of outdated Soviet standards was to be reorganized over a certain period of time into a new regulatory system, unified, in particular, with the European one. The developed Law introduced the concepts of new documents regulating the regulatory system, namely the Technical Regulations. This led to the fact that the previously existing GOSTs, SNiPs and other standards, like, became optional, and Technical regulations had not yet been developed. The government has established the development of technical regulations as soon as possible. Some regulations for today have been developed and adopted, while some have remained projects. However, in the new Technical Regulations, instructions were clearly given that all GOSTs and SNiPs remain the main guiding technical standards.

The following are the main Technical Regulations regarding the relationship system in the construction and production of building materials.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

MOSCOW STATE BUILDING UNIVERSITY

SPECIALTY “Building Design”

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL REGULATION

Technical regulation in construction

Executor:

Ivanov I.I.,

iAF student –V-4

full-time department.

Signature___________

Scientific adviser:

Slesarev M.Yu.,

professor, doc tech. of sciences

Signature___________

moscow, 2010

LIST OF ACCEPTED ABBREVIATIONS

TR - technical regulation

Federal Law - Federal Law

RF - RUSSIAN FEDERATION

INTRODUCTION

Purpose of work: to get acquainted with technical regulation in the construction complex of the Russian Federation.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set:

To get an idea of \u200b\u200bthe main provisions of technical regulation, fixed in the law “On technical regulation”.

Consider the fundamental technical regulation “On the safety of buildings and structures”.

The object of research is technical regulation in construction. The subject of the study was the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation”.

The research methodology is a study of legislation in the field of technical regulation, articles in specialized journals.

The structure of the abstract is built on the principle of general to particular. The first chapter provides information on new principles of technical regulation in Russian Federation. The second chapter is devoted to the study of technical regulations “On the safety of buildings and structures”.

CHAPTER 1. BASIC PROVISIONS OF TECHNICAL REGULATION

The Federal Law “On Technical Regulation”, which entered into force on July 1, 2003, makes fundamental changes to the existing system of technical regulation in construction. The law governs relations arising from:

development, adoption, application and implementation of mandatory requirements for products, processes of production, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal;

development, acceptance, application and fulfillment on a voluntary basis of requirements for products, processes of production, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal, work or services;

conformity assessment.

The law provides that all mandatory requirements for products and services are established only by technical regulations, which are determined by federal laws and decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation.

Technical regulations should contain minimum requirements to ensure the safety of products (services) and the scope of application of mandatory requirements is therefore minimized.

A 7-year transitional period to new technical regulations is envisaged. New technical regulations are adopted only to ensure:

protection of life or health of citizens, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property;

protecting the environment, life or health of animals and plants;

warning actions that mislead purchasers.

The adoption of technical regulations for other purposes is not allowed.

According to the new legislation, there are two types of technical regulations: general technical regulations and special technical regulations. The general technical regulation of construction contains requirements that are mandatory for application and compliance with respect to all types of products, processes (methods) of production, operation and disposal, and is adopted on the following issues:

safe operation and disposal of machinery and equipment;

safe operation of buildings and structures;

hydrometeorological safety;

fire safety;

sanitary and epidemiological safety;

electrical safety;

environmental safety;

industrial safety.

General technical regulation can be adopted only by federal law.

The special technical regulation contains requirements that take into account technological and other features of certain types of activities or products. Special TR is adopted by federal law or by decree of the Government of the Russian Federation. If a special TR is adopted by federal law, the technical regulation, previously adopted by a resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation, establishing mandatory requirements for the same products, processes (methods) of production, operation and disposal, becomes null and void.

Special technical regulations in the field of atomic energy use are adopted by resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation.

The technical regulation contains requirements for the characteristics of products, processes (methods) of production, operation and disposal, and not for the design and execution, with the exception of cases in which the development goals of the TR are not achieved. It also establishes the conformity assessment form applicable to the object of technical regulation, identification features for the purposes of mandatory confirmation of conformity, sampling, testing, control of the certification body over the certification object (if provided for by the conformity confirmation scheme) and other procedures necessary to achieve the goals technical regulations.

International and (or) national standards can be used in full or in part as a basis for the development of draft technical regulations, unless the use of international and (or) national standards does not fully ensure the achievement of the goals of adoption of the regulation.

Chapter 2. Technical regulation "On the safety of buildings and structures"

The technical regulation “On the safety of buildings and structures” entered into force in July of this year. TR “On the safety of buildings and structures” replaces the current TR “On the safe operation of buildings and structures”. The changes were initiated by the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation. According to A.I. Perelygin, this is due to the fact that the operation of buildings, structures and structures is only an intermediate link in the life period of buildings, structures and structures, which includes such stages as: preliminary engineering surveys, design, construction, operation, demolition and land reclamation. All components of the life period affect the life and health of citizens, property protection, and environmental protection. At the same time, the basics of safe operation are laid at the stages of engineering surveys, design and construction and installation works. http://allformgsu.ru

Thus, the wording “safe operation”, enshrined in the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation”, does not comply with established Russian and world terminology and does not cover the entire life period of buildings, structures, structures.

The basis for the development of the draft technical regulation was used Directive 89/106 of the ESS - the main regulatory act of the European Union with regard to construction products. In the draft technical regulation "On the Safety of Buildings and Structures", the object of technical regulation is the object of capital construction.

Identification of the object of technical regulation was carried out on three grounds:

by appointment (residential, public, industrial buildings, etc.);

according to the level of responsibility (increased, normal, reduced - the safety factors, laid down in the calculation formulas when performing design work) depend on the level of responsibility;

in relation to conformity assessment forms - objects are divided into three groups:

• objects with mandatory state expertise and supervision;

  objects without state expertise and supervision;

  objects of individual housing construction.

A list of objects with mandatory and optional expertise is presented in the Town Planning Code. The objects of individual housing construction include detached houses with no more than three floors intended for one family, as well as garages, baths and other buildings and auxiliary facilities. http://allformgsu.ru

The structure of the technical regulation complies with the requirements of the federal law "On Technical Regulation". It includes three main parts:

safety requirements for buildings and structures;

requirements for ensuring the safety of buildings and structures at all stages of the life cycle of construction products (at the stage of design documentation, construction, operation, demolition);

conformity assessment forms.

The technical regulation establishes six types of safety for construction products:

mechanical safety;

fire safety;

safety in difficult natural and man-made conditions;

requirements for safe living conditions (biological, chemical, radiation safety);

safety requirements for use (electrical safety, thermal safety).

requirements for safe environmental impact.

Fulfillment of the specified safety requirements in relation to a specific building, structure will ensure its safety as a whole.

Forms of conformity assessment are divided into two large groups: state and non-state. State forms of conformity assessment include state examination, state construction supervision, acceptance of facilities into operation, state operational control, construction permits, and commissioning permits.

CONCLUSION

Thus, the state ensures safety in construction by the introduction of relevant technical regulations. The remaining requirements for construction products (works, services) are not regulated. It is assumed that such a restriction of state regulation will remove administrative and bureaucratic barriers, and will increase the responsibility and competitiveness of the structures of the construction complex.

The goal of the study was achieved.

LIST OF USED SOURCES AND LITERATURE

Federal Law N 184-ФЗ "On Technical Regulation" .- Consultant Plus .- www.consultant.ru/popular/techreg/. AND http://allformgsu.ru/

Draft Federal Law "On technical regulations "On the Safety of Buildings and Structures" .- Rossiyskaya Gazeta.-www.rg.ru / 2008/07/30 / reglament-zakonoproekt.

Perelygin A.I. - On Amendments and Addenda to the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation” // Construction Safety. - No. 2, 2006.

Article “Standard schism.” - “Rossiyskaya Gazeta” - Federal Issue No. 5239 (160) of July 22, 2010 http://allformgsu.ru/

Regulation (02)
  development of residential and auxiliary buildings, landscaping, landscaping and engineering communications on land plots DNP "Pestovskie Dachi"
  1. General Provisions

General Provisions
  1. The development and operation of land should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of environmental, hygienic and fire safety standards in force in the Russian Federation and ensuring the safe operation of objects for human life and health, subject to the specified safety rules.
  2. These regulations are developed taking into account the requirements normative documents   Of the Russian Federation and approved as the current internal Regulation on the Partnership by the General Meeting of the Summer Non-Profit Partnership "Pestovskie Dachi" on September 21, 2009.
  2. Normative and reference documents
  2.1. Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation (Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
  2.2. SNiP 30-02-97 * "Planning and development of territories of horticultural associations."
  2.3. SP 11-106-97 * “The procedure for the development, approval, approval and composition of design and planning documentation for the development of territories of gardening (summer residence) associations of citizens”, revised taking into account changes No. 1 SP 11-106-97. ”
  2.4. SNiP 31-02-2001 "Residential single-family houses."
  2.5. NPB 106-95 "Individual residential buildings. Fire safety requirements. "
  2.6. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the Form of the Urban Plan of the Land Plot” dated December 29, 2005 No. 840.
  3. Land development by residential buildings
  3.1. DNP plots are provided for the construction of residential houses (dachas) that fall within the scope of SNiP 30-02-97 * “Planning and development of territories of gardening associations”, SNiP 31-02-2001 “Residential single-family houses”, private garages, bathhouses, and other auxiliary facilities. The construction of non-residential buildings and structures, mini-hotels, shops and other objects for commercial use is not allowed.
3.2. The construction of buildings and structures for public use (premises for protection, the building of the Management Board, a store) is carried out on the basis of a decision of the Management Board in areas specially designated for this purpose, according to developed projects, in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 30-02-97 *.
  3.3. On the territory of the DNP, the construction of semi-detached (blocked) houses is allowed. The construction of blocked houses with more than two sections is not permitted.
  3.4. It is not allowed to build on the territory of the DNP: residential buildings with more than three above ground floors and a roof ridge mark above 11.5 m above the ground - for houses with a rafter roof. and residential buildings with more than two above-ground floors and a parapet mark above 9.0 m above ground level - for houses with a flat roof.
  3.5. In order to create a unified architectural appearance of DNP, it is recommended to build houses with rafter roofs, turn the houses in the direction of the streets with triangular gables, decorate the facades with stucco for painting and facing bricks, however, non-compliance with these recommendations cannot be a basis for refusing approval.
  4. Providing fire and sanitary requirements
  4.1. Single-apartment residential buildings belong to class F 1.4 functional fire hazard according to SNiP 21-01. In this regard, in the design and construction of houses, measures must be taken to prevent the occurrence of a fire, to ensure the timely evacuation of people from the house to the adjacent territory, to prevent the spread of fire to neighboring buildings and residential blocks, as well as to ensure the access of firefighters personnel to the house to carry out fire fighting and rescue activities. This takes into account the possibility of fire inside any room and its exit to the surface of the house.
  4.2. On the territory of the DNP, the construction of residential buildings is recommended, where the main structures comply with the requirements for structures of buildings of the III degree of fire resistance according to SNiP 21-01.
  4.3. Fire distances between buildings and structures within the same area are not standardized.
  Fire-fighting distances between residential buildings (or houses) located on neighboring land plots, depending on the material of the supporting and enclosing structures, must be not less than those indicated in Table 1.

Table 1

4.4. The residential building (or house) must be separated from the red line of streets by at least 5 m, from the red line of driveways by at least 3 m. Moreover, the fire distances specified in Table 1.
  The distance from outbuildings to the red lines of streets and driveways should be at least 5 m.
  4.5. Minimum distances to the border of the neighboring section on sanitary conditions should be:
  from a residential building (or house) - 3;
  from other buildings - 1;
  from the trunks of tall trees - 4, medium-sized - 2;
  from the bush - 1 m
  The distance between the residential building (or house) and the border of the neighboring plot is measured from the base of the house or from the wall of the house (in the absence of a base), if the elements of the house (bay window, porch, canopy, overhang, etc.) protrude no more than 50 cm from wall plane. If the elements protrude more than 50 cm, the distance is measured from the protruding parts or from their projection onto the ground (cantilevered roof canopy, elements of the second floor located on poles, etc.).
  When erecting in the garden (cottage) plot of farm buildings located at a distance of 1 m from the border of the neighboring garden plot, the roof slope should be oriented to your plot.
  4.6. Minimum distances between buildings for sanitary conditions should be:
  from a residential building (or house) and a cellar to the restroom - 12 m;
  to the shower, baths (saunas) - 8 m;
  from the well to the restroom and compost device - 8m;
  The indicated distances must be observed both between buildings on the same site, and between buildings located on adjacent sites.
  4.7. In the case of adjoining farm buildings to a residential building (or house), the distance to the border with the neighboring plot is measured separately from each blocking object, for example:
  garage house (from the house at least 3 m, from the garage at least 1 m)
  4.8. Members of the party who have animals dangerous for humans (for example, fighting dogs) on their site are fully responsible for the safety of members of the party against animal aggression. Dogs of fighting breeds can be kept exclusively on sites, the fence of which prevents their arbitrary exit from the sites. Pet owners must comply with sanitary and veterinary rules for their maintenance.
  5. Construction of sites with auxiliary facilities, the use of landscaping and landscaping elements, the distance to utility networks
5.1. Members of the DNP are obliged to provide access to operational services and organizations, as well as authorized representatives of state bodies to the networks and structures of gas pipelines, water pipelines, sewers, underground electrical and communication cables, to the territories of protected zones of networks located on the site.
  The construction of asphalted and paved footpaths and entrances over utilities, with the exception of cases of intersection, is not permitted.
  5.2. Fencing of sites along the outer perimeter of the DNP is performed by the DNP Board.
  - The fencing of sections from the side of streets and driveways should be carried out according to the sketches of fencing agreed by the Board, while the height of the fence from the level of the adjacent sidewalk or lawn should not exceed 1 m 80 cm, blind fences are not allowed.
  - Fencing between sections is carried out by agreement between neighbors. It is not allowed to use blind fences between adjacent sections. Permissible fence height between sections no more than 1 m 80 cm.
  5.3. The construction of artificial reservoirs in the areas should be coordinated with the Board of the DNP.
  5.4. Outbuildings should be placed:
  from the boundaries of the plot at a distance of at least 1 m.
  at a distance of no closer than 8 meters from residential buildings in neighboring areas.
  An exit from the garage can be adjacent directly to the border of the site along the red line of the street or driveway.
  5.5. Distances from buildings, structures, and also objects of engineering improvement to trees and bushes should be taken according to Table 2.
  table 2

Notes:
  1. The above standards apply to trees with a crown diameter of not more than 5 m and should be increased for trees with a crown of larger diameter.
  2. Distances from overhead power lines to trees should be taken according to the rules of electrical installations.
  3. Trees planted near buildings should not impede the insolation and illumination of the living quarters of neighboring houses.
  5.6. The horizontal distances (in the light) from the nearest underground engineering networks to buildings and structures should be taken according to Table 3.
  Table 3

5.7. In case of violations, members of the DNP are obliged to eliminate the violations on their own and by their means. The Board of the DNP sends to the member of the DNP the Order on elimination of violations within the time period established in the Order.
  6. The procedure for approval of compliance with these Regulations
  6.1. The building permit is issued by the Board of the DNP on the basis of a Personal Application (for the form, see Appendix 1). The following shall be attached to the Application in the form specified in Appendix 1:
  1. Drawing of the urban development plan of the land.
  The drawing is done with an indication;
  - the boundaries of the site, the location on the site of a residential building, garages, auxiliary and outbuildings, indicating the distance to the boundaries of the site, the location of the entrance gates and gates, local treatment facilities.
  The Master Plan should be executed on a scale of 1: 500, and transferred to the Board in electronic form in * .dwg format (drawing in the AutoCAD program) to formulate a general NPD Master Plan.
  The outline of the house indicated on the General Plan must exactly correspond to the working documentation for the construction. The entrances to the house and its overall dimensions (not including bay windows protruding less than 0.5 m) should be shown on the circuit. When making changes to the project during construction, the Management Board should be informed about the changes and adjustments should be made to the general General Plan of the DNP.
  The Personal Application must provide information on the total area and the structure of the house. A sample presentation of the documentation is given in Appendix 2.
  2. The main facade of the house (the facade facing the street) indicating the elevations, including to the ridge of the roof. For houses located on corner plots, two facades should be presented.
  3. The scheme of the vertical layout of the site (can be presented at the end of the construction of the box of the house) with the indication of the heights of soil filling, drainage and directions of discharge from the rainwater section. Do not add soil fillings that direct rainwater to neighboring areas.
  6.2. The coordination does not require a personal presence and is carried out EXCLUSIVELY by e-mail.
  The answer with the decision is communicated by phone or e-mail within 3 days. It is forbidden to start or conduct construction without obtaining approval.
  The regulation, the application form in * .doc format, the General Plan of the Partnership can be obtained on request by e-mail. mail [email protected]
The application in * .doc or * .pdf format, the General Plan in * .dwg format, the facade in any format should be sent to the same email address.
  At the next, after approval, general meeting, you can get an agreed document with a signature.

Chairman of the Board of DNP "Pestovskie Dachi" Volodin A.A.

The regulation was developed by the architect Tarasov Vladimir Anatolyevich,
  edited by Spirin Vladimir Alekskevich

Questions can be contacted by phone. 8-985-776-8187.

Applications

  Appendix 2. An example of the presentation of the General Plan of the site and the facade of the house

Appendix 1. Application for approval of the General Plan of the site

Chairman of the Board of the DNP "Pestovskie Dachi" Volodin A.A.
  from the Member of the DNP "Pestovskie Dachi" site number ....
…………………………………………………………………….

Statement

I ask you to coordinate the construction of an individual residential building in accordance with the attached master plan for the development of the site.

The project of the house was carried out in accordance with the requirements of environmental, hygienic and fire safety standards in force in the Russian Federation and ensuring the safe operation of objects for human life and health, subject to the specified safety rules.

Total area of \u200b\u200bthe house: ………… m2

The height of the house from ground level ......................

The main material of the walls: …………….

The main material of the ceilings: …………………… ...

Regulated fire distances with neighboring houses according to table. 1 ……….

Appendix: 1. General plan of the site
  2. The main facade of the house

Applicant:
……………………………………...
……………………………………...

Agreed:
……………………………………...
………………………………………

2. TECHNOLOGICAL REGULATIONS

3. ACCEPTANCE TESTS

Asphalt concrete pavements of streets and roads should be accepted for delivery 10 days after the opening of traffic to a vehicle. Upon delivery, the contractor shall submit:

Design and estimate documentation;

Act of acceptance of the grounds;

Acts for closing potential disruptions;

Magazine of production work on the coating device;

Passports for the types and types of asphalt mixtures used;

Results of random tests of mixtures.

An instrumental assessment of the quality of the coating is carried out to meet the requirements for evenness, continuity, transverse and longitudinal profiles, etc. A visual assessment of the state of the coating is carried out according to signs that are not amenable to measurement and quantification.

4. BASIC SAFETY RULES

Allowed to work on the installation of asphalt concrete pavement are persons who have reached the age of majority, have undergone a medical examination, and an introductory briefing on safety measures. The briefing is documented. The chief engineer of the construction unit (firm) and the manufacturer of the work are responsible for maintaining safety.

Workers and scientific and technical revolution should be provided with warm overalls and special footwear of the established sample and a signal vest. Hand tools must be working.

When unloading mixtures from a car-dump truck into the hopper of the paver, it is forbidden to find the working hopper. The movement of the car, especially in reverse, is corrected by the signals of a specially dedicated worker.

In the area of \u200b\u200bwork skating people are strictly prohibited. All mechanisms operating in the dark should be equipped with signal lighting and have an audio signal.

Rest of people is allowed only in a warm domestic room equipped with devices for heating water and heating food.

In the living room should be a first-aid kit with medicines and dressings.