Social worker. Social Work Specialist Nursing Social Work Specialist functions

Social work places high demands on those who have chosen it as their profession. We have already seen what complex complex problems it is aimed at solving, what principles should be observed in this activity, what versatile training a social worker should have. The set of general typical requirements for a social worker constitutes his professional portrait. This systemic description of social, psychological and other requirements for a carrier of a profession is sometimes referred to as a professiogram, in some cases it is specified as a list of requirements in relation to a particular area of ​​social work.

The professional portrait of a social worker is described in some detail in the scientific and educational literature and includes such basic components as theoretical training, practical skills and certain personal qualities. Theoretical knowledge forms the basis of a professional portrait of a social work specialist. As we know, social work has a multidisciplinary nature and therefore the theoretical training of a social worker should include knowledge of such basic disciplines for social work as sociology, psychology, social pedagogy, legal cycle disciplines, conflictology, etc.

Since a social work specialist often deals with antisocial personalities, in particular, with adolescents prone to deviant behavior, he must have knowledge of the sociology and psychology of deviant behavior, psychodiagnostics, criminology, developmental psychology and pedagogy. The diversity of social work clients obliges its representatives to possess a number of competencies that allow them to provide services to different clients - the homeless and unemployed, the lonely and the elderly, "difficult teenagers" and people with disabilities. This, in turn, imposes a requirement to have a stock of knowledge that allows one to understand and analyze the causes of difficult life situations in different types of clients, to know their specifics.

Living in a society and dealing with representatives of different social groups, a social work specialist must have a clear understanding of the social structure of society, the economic, social, political and cultural processes taking place in it, about different areas of public life, about needs, interests, norms various strata and subcultures. Therefore, he must be prepared in the field of social and human sciences, providing the general cultural level of a person and the level of his social education. This is facilitated by the study in the process of professional training of philosophy, history, economic theory, political science, cultural studies, disciplines of the aesthetic cycle.

A professional portrait of a social worker requires knowledge sufficient to be able to understand a representative of any social group, his needs and interests, doubts and worries, tastes and preferences in different areas of life. In order to be able to understand the inner world and thoughts of another individual, a social worker must have a fair amount of his own potential in the field of humanitarian knowledge, as well as be oriented in such areas as art, religion. A social work specialist needs basic knowledge from the field of medicine, gerontology, psychiatry, since the clients of social work are often people with health problems, some deviations from the mental norm, requiring elementary care.

Another important component of the professional portrait of a social worker is the practical skills that he acquires in the course of his professional activities, as well as while studying at a professional educational institution - a university or college (school, technical school). They represent a whole complex of skills of a different nature - from the simplest skills to provide basic household services and first aid to more complex ones, such as socio-psychological and socio-legal counseling.

Most professional competencies are associated with the process of interaction between a specialist and a client. This includes the ability to establish contact with your ward, trusting relationships, organize cooperation in finding solutions to the problems facing him. Among the specific techniques that a specialist should master, such as active listening, centering on the client, empathic understanding, protection from the effect of one’s own “emotional burnout”, etc. These skills and abilities are studied in more detail in the course “methods and technologies of social work”, and also within some special disciplines and disciplines of specialization.

Currently, the training program for social work specialists includes various types of practice, which are designed to help acquire practical skills while still studying at a university or college. However, the amount of time devoted to these types of training and the level of its organization cannot yet be considered sufficient. To remedy the situation, it is necessary to develop closer links between vocational education institutions and social services.

Personal qualities are also of fundamental importance in the structure of the portrait of a social worker, since such a responsible humanitarian activity as social work dealing with people who are in a vulnerable, dependent position cannot be carried out formally, only for the sake of accountability and remuneration. In this case, it is doomed to failure. Unfortunately, at present, from the media, we know many examples of a formal and sometimes dishonest attitude of social workers to their duties. In this case, first of all, their wards suffer, of course.

Thus, there is a case that took place in the Leninsky district of Krasnoyarsk, when social workers came to a very elderly lonely and practically unable to walk woman living in a hostel extremely irregularly and did not follow all the required procedures. As a result, the elderly citizen nearly died of exhaustion. She was saved by worried neighbors who opened the door and fed the unfortunate old woman, helped her with hygiene procedures, and also invited television to publicize this situation. This example shows that in the absence of appropriate personal qualities, a social worker may treat his duties formally, even commit obvious violations, taking advantage of the fact that their results are not always and immediately noticeable, and his wards may not always demand the services they are supposed to and stand up. for myself.

Social services should take all measures to avoid such manifestations. And this is possible if ordinary social workers, specialists, administrators-managers properly treat their work, and hence their clients, realize the importance and social responsibility that they bear to society. There are different points of view as to whether personal qualities should be included in the professional portrait of a social work specialist, or whether they already constitute his spiritual and moral portrait. On this occasion, it can be noted that the absence of these qualities leads to the inefficiency of all his activities and makes it impossible to achieve the intended results, therefore, makes the employee unprofessional. This proves that the presence of appropriate qualities is a condition for the professionalism of a social worker, and therefore is also an element of his professional portrait.

Among the measures that ensure the proper level of professionalism of social workers may be the creation of a system of continuous education - professional orientation in schools so that random people do not come to the faculties of social work, then selection for admission to vocational education institutions. This requires appropriate methods that allow you to determine not only the level of knowledge, but also the personal orientation, communication skills of the applicant. Finally, when applying for a job in social services, an appropriate professional selection is necessary, which should include procedures to determine how the applicant for a particular vacancy meets the requirements, whether he has the proper general professional and social and personal competencies.

Within the framework of the social institutions themselves, control over the performance of their duties by all employees should be carried out and measures of encouragement and, if necessary, penalties should be applied, depending on the quality of the performance of their employees. An important way to maintain and grow the professionalism of social workers is systematic professional development. A similar form of retraining currently exists in the system of higher professional education. To promote the growth of professional motivation, the maintenance of a system of professional values ​​should be public organizations of social workers and social institutions that focus on innovative forms and methods of work, professionally oriented media.

All the personal qualities of a social worker, necessary for him in the process of activity, are usually divided into three groups. The first group consists of individual psychophysiological characteristics that characterize mental processes and states - perception, memory, thinking, level of anxiety, impulsivity, restraint, stress resistance. The second group is formed by the socio-psychological qualities of a specialist as a person - the ability to self-control, self-criticism, responsibility, honesty and openness. The third group includes psychological and pedagogical qualities that ensure the effectiveness of direct interaction with the client - sociability, empathy, attractiveness (neatness in clothing, external attractiveness).

Along with the general portrait of a social work specialist, one can also distinguish its more specific types, depending on the specialization. Specialization in social work deserves special consideration, since the social worker in a sense must be universally trained. However, a number of situations and problems require special knowledge and skills. How to resolve this dilemma and avoid narrow reductionism on the one hand, and scholastic universalism on the other? The way out of this situation is seen in the formation of a new type of specialization in social work - specialization not on any specific problem, but on a real object, in our case, the client as a carrier of a complex of certain problems.

In this way, the integrity of the consideration of the difficult life situation of the client can be ensured. Without dividing it into economic, socio-psychological, medical problems and without dividing their solution into different institutions and departments, social work is able to provide their comprehensive solution. With this approach, multidisciplinarity and multifunctionality are not lost, and, along with this, it is possible to fill this wide range of activities with specific content.

An integrated approach to solving social problems and the multifunctionality of social work make it possible to single out a number of professional functions of a social work specialist. Among them:

Diagnostic, meaning the desire of a social worker to establish the causes of the client's problems;

Advocacy, consisting in the representation and protection of the interests of their clients;

Socio-therapeutic, or compensatory, implemented through the provision of support in difficult life situations, the provision of various types of assistance, social services;

Social and preventive, involving the use by a social worker in his activities of methods that prevent the occurrence of social problems;

Prognostic, consisting in the analysis of possible changes in the behavior of the client in the future;

Projective, manifested in the planning of the immediate and long-term results of the intervention;

The function of social control, which provides for the monitoring of deviant behavior and the application of social sanctions;

Organizational and administrative, manifested in management activities and interaction with other social institutions.

The professional roles of a social worker can be classified in a more differentiated way. Foreign authors distinguish the professional roles of a social worker depending on his “working” functionality:

A broker is a social worker who directs people to appropriate services that may be useful to them in order to enable people to use the social service system and link these services.

A mediator, a "buffer" is a social worker who stands between two people, a person and a group or two groups, in order to help people overcome differences and work together productively.

Lawyer, defender - a social worker who fights for the rights and dignity of people who need this help. Its activities include fighting for service, helping individuals, groups, communities, fighting for change in laws or practices from the standpoint of a whole class of people.

Evaluator - a social worker who collects information, evaluates the problems of people, groups; helps to make a decision for action.

A mobilizer is a social worker who gathers, sets in motion, launches, activates, organizes the actions of already existing or new groups to solve problems. Mobilization can also be carried out at the individual level.

A teacher is a social worker who imparts information and knowledge and helps people develop skills.

A Behavior Corrector is a social worker who works to make changes to the behaviors, skills, and perceptions of people or groups.

A counselor is a social worker who works with other workers to help them improve their problem-solving skills.

A community designer is a social worker who plans the development of activity programs.

An information manager is a social worker who collects, categorizes and analyzes data about the social environment.

An administrator is a social worker who manages an institution, program, project or social service.

Practitioner - a social worker who provides specific assistance, care (financial, domestic, physical).

The formation of a professional portrait of a social worker begins long before he enters the service of a social institution. We have seen how important it is which applicants come to universities for the specialty of social work and the quality of training they receive at universities. The development of a multi-level system of social education is called upon to promote better training of future social workers.

The concept of social education includes two aspects: in a broad sense, social education refers to the study of social and humanitarian disciplines in all educational institutions, from schools to universities. The result of it should be greater competence of the entire population in matters of public life, its correct and deeper understanding and better preparedness for it. In a narrow sense, social education is understood as the training of specialists for the social sphere - social workers and social educators, psychologists, social animators, sociologists, etc. In other words, social education aims at high-quality training of socionomists - specialists in the social sphere.

Both of these aspects of social education are important. The second is insofar as the staffing of social services depends on it. But the first aspect is no less important, since it makes it possible to make society more enlightened in various issues of public life, people - more prepared for various social situations, more tolerant and law-abiding, raise the level of general and legal culture, reduce the number of anti-social manifestations and social tension in society.

Psychology, pedagogy, social work

Kind of activity

Communicate with people (help, serve, advise)

Short description

Social worker is a specialist who helping vulnerable people(for example, lonely elderly, disabled people, orphans, large families). People who are cared for by a social worker are called wards.

The main task of the social worker is improvement of material and living conditions lives of wards, psychological support, provision of social and legal protection. The specialist provides the wards with food, cleans and prepares food, buys medicines, goes to the clinic for prescriptions for medicines and test results, and visits the wards in the hospital.

The social worker collects documents for various government agencies, seeks the appointment of benefits and subsidies. In addition, specialist consults on legal, psychological and pedagogical problems, and also offers ways to overcome difficult life situations. For example, he offers the parents of a child with learning difficulties to transfer him to a specialized educational institution.
The duties of a social worker also include tracking and identifying those in need in helping people. In addition, the social worker can also youth work: carries out the prevention of asocial phenomena among the youth, organizes assistance to young families, identifies and solves the problems of youth in the field of employment.

Where to study

Directions of education:
Socio-economic direction

Universities:

39.03.02 Social work

• Academy of Labor and Social Relations (ATiSO)
• Moscow State University for the Humanities and Economics (MGGEU) Faculty of sociology and psychology
• Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry (MGMSU) Faculty of Social Work
• First Moscow State Medical University. THEM. Sechenov (MGMU) Faculty of Higher Nursing Education and Psychological and Social Work
• Moscow State Regional University (MGOblU) Psychology faculty
• Moscow City University of Management of the Government of Moscow (MGUU)
• Moscow State Pedagogical University (MPGU) Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology
• Faculty of Social Work, Pedagogy and Juvenology
• Russian National Research Medical University. N.I. Pirogov (RNIMU) Psychological and social faculty

39.03.03 Organization of work with youth

• Moscow State University for the Humanities M.A. Sholokhov (MSGU Sholokhov) Institute of Politics, Law and Social Development
• Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports, Youth and Tourism (GTSOLIFK) Humanitarian Institute
• Russian State Technological University. K.E. Tsiolkovsky (MATI) Institute of Management, Economics and Social Technologies
• Moscow City Psychological and Pedagogical University (MGPPU) Faculty of Social Communication
• Moscow City Pedagogical University (MGPU) Institute of Psychology, Sociology and Social Relations
• Russian State Social University (RGSU) Faculty of Pedagogy, Social Work and Juvenology

Colleges, technical schools, schools:

• Social College of the Russian State Social University (SK RSSU)
• Socio-Pedagogical College of MSUPU (SPK MSUPU)
• College for the Training of Social Workers No. 16 (KPSR No. 16)
• Technical school of service and tourism No. 29 (TSiT No. 29)

Where to work

• social services
• Departments for work with youth of the city administration
• Departments of social security of enterprises and educational institutions
• Nursing home
• Homes for the disabled
• Orphanages
• Social Security Committees
• Guardianship authorities
• Pension fund, social insurance fund

1. What is the name of the work and what does it consist of? The name of the job, specialty, profession, position, possible workplace - a description of the essential characteristics and specific features of labor.

Social work- this is a professional activity to provide assistance and support to people, the purpose of which is to assist people and groups who find themselves in difficult life situations, in overcoming personal and social difficulties through support, protection, correction and rehabilitation.

Modern social work is carried out mainly by an extensive network of state social services. It includes many areas and areas, such as: social security, social insurance, social prevention, social rehabilitation, adaptation, therapy, counseling.

social work specialist- an employee providing services to various social, gender and age, ethnic groups of the population and individuals in need of social assistance, protection and psychological support.

The profession "specialist in social work" has the following specializations: social worker; social worker of the employment service; professional consultant. The work of these workers can be specialized according to age, social, medical criteria (servicing children and adolescents, the elderly, the unemployed, the homeless, the blind, the deaf, etc.).

The profession belongs to the type: "Man - Man", it is focused on communication and interaction with people. This requires the ability to establish and maintain business contacts, understand people and understand human relationships, be active, sociability and contact, have developed speech abilities and verbal thinking, and have emotional stability.

An additional type of profession: "Man - Nature", since it is associated with the care and care of living people, with the prevention and treatment of diseases. This requires a high level of development of observation, mindfulness, physical endurance, inclination and interest in working with people who need help and care.

2. What is the effectiveness and purpose of the work (what is being done and for what purpose)? The purpose of the work: products, services; value of the work: the value and importance of the products or services provided for the enterprise and for the whole country.

The activities of a social work specialist include the provision of material and domestic assistance and moral and legal support to disabled people, lonely elderly people, mothers of many children, orphans, people suffering from serious illnesses, alcoholics and drug addicts, distressed citizens who are in a state of depression due to environmental catastrophes, interethnic conflicts and wars, the loss of loved ones.

The areas of professional activity of a social work specialist are the social protection system, employment services at the federal, republican, regional levels, as well as local enterprises, institutions and organizations of social assistance to the population, state and non-state institutions, territorial centers and social assistance funds.

A social work specialist fulfills clear, clearly formulated goals, solves standard, typical tasks.

The main goals of social work as a professional activity include the following:

Increasing the degree of independence of individuals, their ability to control their lives and more effectively resolve emerging problems;

Creation of conditions in which individuals can show their capabilities to the maximum extent and receive everything that they are entitled to by law;

Adaptation or readaptation of people in society;

Creation of conditions under which a person, despite physical injury, mental breakdown or life crisis, can live, maintaining self-esteem and self-respect on the part of others;

And as the ultimate goal - to achieve such a result when the client does not need the help of a social worker.

3. What is the subject of labor (what is it made of, on what, with what and with whom do they work)? Material, raw materials, semi-finished products, intangible sources - information, written data and documents; finance, maintenance, provision of services - ancillary activities.

A social work specialist provides assistance and support to unprotected socially vulnerable categories of the population in need of social support, assistance, service and protection. The clients of social workers are:

children and young people: children left without parental care; children with special needs; children living with HIV; children and young people at legal risk or in conflict with the law; pupils and graduates of children's institutional institutions; students and graduates of specialized educational and educational institutions; neglected children; children who have experienced cruel or neglected treatment, witnesses of violence; children involved in trafficking, the worst forms of labor and exploitation of all kinds; children affected by natural disasters, armed conflicts and others;

families and women: low-income families, large families, single-parent families, families with a family member with HIV, families with a family member with special needs, families in crisis (surviving the death of a member, divorce, conflict, domestic violence, migration and etc.); families affected by natural disasters, armed conflicts; foster and adoptive families and others;

People with disabilities and their families;

Lonely elderly people in need of social support;

People who are in a difficult life situation: those who have experienced the death or serious illness of loved ones, who have chronic diseases, who have lost their jobs, housing and others;

People living with HIV;

People with alcohol and/or drug addiction;

People who have left penitentiary institutions and/or are serving sentences in closed institutions;

Refugees and others

4. How is the work done (how is it done)? Technological process, labor process, operations, task.

The specifics of social work activities are determined by the specific conditions of the workplace.

In charge social work specialist mainly include:

Reception and provision of information at the request of citizens (social assistance, protection, employment, vocational guidance, vocational training, advanced training, psychological support);

Consultations on legal issues (registration of guardianship, adoption, deprivation of parental rights, pensions, employment issues, employment) and execution of relevant documents;

Participation in the resolution of controversial issues (labor, housing, violation of the rights of mothers, pensioners, etc.), the development and implementation of programs for medical and social adaptation and rehabilitation of disabled citizens;

Identification and registration of social payments, hospitalization in medical institutions, acceptance of needy categories of citizens for service.

Social worker Serves assigned to him persons in need of assistance, from 8 to 16 people.

At the direction of a social work specialist, he performs technical functions: visits the wards at the place of residence, provides them with moral support, provides each with food and medicine at his request according to a pre-compiled and agreed list, pays for utilities, delivers things to the laundry, receives dry cleaning pensions and benefits accrued in the name of the ward.

Provides assistance around the house: cleans and redecorates the apartment, cooks food if necessary, feeds the ward, cultivates the garden plot, etc.

In case of illness of the ward, he provides him with emergency first aid (measurement of temperature, application of mustard plasters, etc.). Calls a doctor at home, accompanies to an appointment at the clinic. In case of hospitalization of the ward visits him in the hospital.

At the request of the ward, he writes letters, makes phone calls to relatives, and also solves other issues that lonely, elderly and sick people face.

5. On the basis of what is the work being done (on what basis is this being done)? Reasons for performing work: production documentation, instructions, detailed technological instructions, plans, calculations; indirect information, instructions, descriptions, orders.

The work of a social worker has a clearly defined character and is carried out in accordance with the current:

official duties;

Legislative and regulatory legal acts;

Decrees, orders, orders;

professional ethics,

The profession belongs to the class of performing, it is associated with the execution of decisions, work according to a given model, compliance with existing rules and regulations, following instructions. According to the given standards, rules and algorithms, a social work specialist performs the tasks set by other people. Work requires organization, diligence, the ability to deal with specific cases.

6. What are the criteria for evaluating the results of labor (on the basis of which the quality and efficiency of labor are evaluated)? Evaluation criteria, norms, time limit, qualification grades.

As a result of the activities of a social work specialist and the existence of an institution of professional social work, the following results are achievable:

Solving or reducing social problems that exist in society (problems related to families, children, young people, the elderly, people with disabilities, HIV, alcohol and drug addiction and the problems of others who need help, protection and support);

Prevention of various kinds of social problems;

Economic feasibility and benefit of investing in the activities of social workers, contributing to the prevention of the emergence of social problems and their aggravation;

Forecasting the emergence of social problems at the level of society, family, various groups of the population, a person.

Remuneration of social worker employees is made on the basis of salaries (official salaries), wage rates for professional qualification groups, taking into account the requirements for professional training and skill level, using compensation and incentive payments.

The names of the positions of workers, professions of workers and qualification requirements for them are determined in accordance with the Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory of Works and Professions of Workers (ETKS) and the Unified Qualification Directory for the positions of managers, specialists and other employees, approved in the manner established by the current Federal legislation.

When determining the categories of a social worker, they are guided by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection No. 60 of 04/26/2010. The work of a social work specialist is charged according to the 7-13 category, a social worker - according to the 3-5 category. If there is a category, then EKSD, qualification requirements for the position by category.

A social work specialist may be appointed (elected) to the senior position of the director or deputy director of a nursing home for the elderly and disabled with a rating of 15-18 categories. The work of these workers can be specialized according to age, social, medical criteria (servicing children and adolescents, the elderly, the unemployed, the homeless, the blind, the deaf, etc.).

The minimum salaries (official salaries), wage rates for professional qualification groups (hereinafter - PKG), approved by Orders of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated March 31, 2008 No. 149n “On approval of professional qualification groups for positions of workers employed in the healthcare and provision of social services"

7. What qualifications are required for the job (what do you need to be able to know)? Required education, required practical experience, skill, specialization.

This profession primarily requires a high level of humanity, the presence of a developed intuition, the ability to empathize with someone else's grief, as well as the ability to understand each specific situation and, based on the circumstances, engage in the individual provision of the necessary types of social assistance.

For the successful development of the profession, a social work specialist needs general awareness of social, humanitarian and moral issues, basic knowledge of history, the Russian language, and social science is useful.

must know Keywords: foundations of ethics, psychology, foundations of medicine, foundations of economics, legal norms.

Qualified social worker should be able to:

Establish emotional contact with clients

Show care, provide them with moral support,

Do household chores (shopping, cooking, washing),

Provide first aid if necessary.

8. With the help of what means is the work performed (what do they work with)? Tools, machines, aids, equipment, controls.

The main subject of labor is a person (social service), the accompanying one is a sign system (texts, documents).

In his work, a social worker uses material (tool) means of labor - manual (pen, pencil), electrified (calculator, computer), as well as means of communication (telephone, fax).

But the main ones are its immaterial (functional) means - analytical, verbal-logical thinking, long-term and working memory, good distribution of attention; good general coordination of body movements, emotionally expressive speech and behavior, business written speech, as well as the senses - sight, hearing, "golden hands" and "kind heart".

9. Under what conditions is the work performed? Working environment: working conditions and workplace parameters (spatial, sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic, etc.).

A social work specialist has an active, mobile work, numerous contacts, visits to wards at home and various authorities and shops.

Despite the fact that the social worker works in comfortable conditions - indoors (desk, personal computer, communications equipment), his activities often take place outside the office on the move (travel to various organizations, to the families of the wards, to clients).

Of the special working conditions, it should be noted the moral responsibility for the wards and the high psycho-emotional load in intensive contact with representatives of disadvantaged strata of society.

10. What is the organization of labor (when and in what ways is work performed)? Organization of the production process, work schedule, work and rest schedule, work time balance.

A social work specialist has an irregular working day with traveling.

The work of a social worker is organized in such a way that he can perform his work assignments both independently and jointly with other contact organizations.

Functionally, a social worker is the organizer of the work of other people (clients, specialists from other contact departments), but he organizes the course of his labor process independently.

11. What is the cooperation of labor (who does what and with whom)? Distribution of semi-professional tasks, powers and responsibilities in the workforce, established subordination - superiors, subordinates; system of leadership and management of primary teams; characteristics of the social environment and microclimate.

Social Work Specialist:

Works in open collaboration with colleagues and treats them with respect;

Establishes contacts with representatives of various organizations and institutions that the client needs help, working with them in close cooperation and interaction (psychologists, lawyers, teachers, medical workers, social protection workers, law enforcement officers, etc.);

Promotes the inclusion of various institutions of society in the activities of social services and the creation of a network of social services that provide assistance and support to clients;

Helps the correct perception and understanding of another person who is in a difficult life situation among representatives of other professions and the population;

Exchanges information with specialists involved in working with the client, subject to the rules of confidentiality and its best interests;

Declares controversial matters that may create a conflict of interest;

Informs the management or relevant responsible structures about the opportunities or operational difficulties that arise in the process of providing social assistance and support to various categories of the population;

Seeks advice and assistance from management if he does not feel capable or sufficiently prepared to carry out social protection activities;

Informs management or other responsible organizations about cases of unsafe practices by colleagues that abuse standards of service delivery.

12. What is the intensity of work (how much, how fast or slow, how often is the work done)? The amount of work, its difficulty, speed, pace, norms of time, the duration of the load, the variability of labor (monotonicity, systematicity, uniformity, cyclicity, rhythm).

Labor intensity is the ability to cope with a large amount of work in a short time. Because the social worker's salary is low, the social worker takes on more clients. As a result, both psychological stress and more emotional stress increase. Overload is one of the main problems of a social worker.

13. What moments of danger and responsibility are encountered in professional activities (what can happen at work)? Disorders, material losses, financial losses, fines for poor quality or failure to meet deadlines, accidents, injuries, occupational diseases, death.

In the system of such professional activity as social work, the situation is complicated by the special state of the client who seeks help from a specialist in a difficult life situation, when the mechanisms of a critical attitude to reality can be weakened, and the role of a person incapable of error is delegated to the specialist.

The specificity of professional social work, due to the daily likelihood of extreme situations, requires the formation of deep emotional and personal regulators of behavior and activity, such as value orientations, in a social work specialist.

The following factors can contribute to the psychophysiological tension in the work of a social worker:

Increased moral responsibility and associated emotional stress;

Constant communication with people, mostly maladaptive, asocial behavior, with mental defects, with physical disabilities;

The compulsion to constantly stay in the zone of someone else's conflict or problem.

A social work specialist, due to the nature of his professional activity, faces a number of difficulties and problems that he must be informed about and with which he must be able to cope:

Syndrome of professional "burnout", manifested in psycho-emotional and physical exhaustion, lowering the threshold of emotional susceptibility, reducing professional motivation;

Frequent encounter with ethical dilemmas at work and the need to make a decision in each specific situation;

Collision with situations that threaten his health and life;

Lack of time and funds to solve real situations of clients and their problems;

Information overload or lack of information in the face of the need to make quick decisions on a specific problem.

14. What is the impact of labor on workers (what is useful and what is harmful to a person)? Positive and negative influence of material, organizational and social factors on the personality (in a complex).

The contacts of a social work specialist are numerous, multi-level, with a changing circle of people - clients, colleagues. In the work there are situations and problems that require non-standard intelligent solutions. The social worker has an increased moral responsibility.

People who work in social institutions endure many hardships of today on their shoulders, smoothing out the difficulties for those who are defenseless, helpless, who lack their own strength and means to cope with the worldly, psychological, social problems that have piled on them.

The work of a social worker is built on the principles of selflessness, full dedication, and sacrifice. This brings results, the positive significance of which for both individuals and families who received assistance, and for the Russian state as a whole, can hardly be overestimated.

Despite advances in the reform of social protection, the prestige of social work as a profession is at a low level in public opinion. This is due to the limited possibilities of material reward.

15. What benefits does labor bring to an employee (how much does he earn)? Earnings, wages, bonuses, benefits in kind, various benefits, moral satisfaction from work, public recognition of it.

In modern Russia, social education, in addition to direct education, makes it possible to hold positions of specialists and managers in local governments (prefectures, district administrations and municipalities, guardianship and guardianship authorities), the Federal Migration Service, Departments, Pension Funds, Charitable Foundations and other public non-profit organizations . In addition, it is possible to organize non-state structures of social rehabilitation and labor orientation, functioning on a self-supporting and sponsored basis.

Creative work, awareness of the importance of the social mission. The salary level of a social work specialist in the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranges from 5 to 8 thousand rubles. In Moscow, a specialist receives from 16 to 50 thousand rubles.

16. What are the conditions, requirements and limitations of the job (who can and who should not do it)? Administrative-legal, political, medical, social and other determinants.

There are medical restrictions for a social worker:

Violation of the functions of the musculoskeletal system,

Speech, vision and hearing disorders

violation of coordination of movements,

Serious chronic diseases that cause rapid fatigue,

Diseases of the cardiovascular system,

Neuropsychiatric diseases.

Chronic infectious diseases.

In addition, the “contraindications” to social work include: lack of interest in other people (selfishness), irascibility, harshness of judgments, categoricalness, lack of concentration, inability to conduct a dialogue with an opponent, conflict, aggressiveness, inability to perceive someone else’s point of view on the subject.

17. Requirements for professionally important qualities. This position lists (in descending order of importance) the requirements that professional activity imposes on the qualities of an employee.

The concept of "quality" in this case has a generalized character and refers not only to personality traits, such as responsibility or developed organizational skills, but also to the special abilities of a person, to general abilities and to the psychophysiological characteristics of a person and the characteristics of his nervous system. To be successful as a social worker, you must have the following professionally important qualities:

Practical logical thinking of a subject-effective warehouse,

Optimism, decency, punctuality,

Compassion, a strong sense of responsibility,

A strong propensity to work in the field of communication,

Lexical abilities, endurance of the auditory analyzer and speech apparatus,

Good long-term and working memory;

activity and physical mobility,

High emotional, neuropsychic stability,

External attractiveness (desirable) and charm.

In addition, it must have the following qualities:

Unconditional acceptance of the value of each person, respect for his rights;

Invaluable attitude to individual differences of people, tolerance;

Developed self-knowledge and self-esteem, critical thinking;

Empathy (the ability to empathize and sympathize);

Reflection (the ability to think, ponder);

Ability to establish contact with people and form trusting relationships;

Sensitivity and sensitivity to the emotional state of people, emotional restraint and tolerance;

Perseverance and consistency in solving difficult situations;

Optimal level of anxiety, no tendency to depressive states;

The ability to see and develop the strengths of people and families who receive assistance;

Skills for working in stressful and emotionally difficult situations: self-control, the ability to switch and manage your emotions and behavior.

The requirements for behavior, activities, professionally significant qualities of the personality of a social work specialist are fixed in a number of codes of ethics for social workers: the Code of Ethics for Social Workers of the National Association of Social Work, "The Ethics of Social Work: Principles and Standards" (International Federation of Social Workers), the Russian Code of Ethics social workers, etc.

Documents defining ethical requirements perform the function of formalizing professional values, i.e. elevating them to the rank of the requirements of the profession to the personality of a specialist.

professiogram specialist social work

JOB DESCRIPTION

social work specialist

1. General provisions

1.1. A social work specialist belongs to the category of specialists and directly reports to the director of the Social Shelter, his deputy for social work

1.2. A person with a higher (secondary specialized) professional education, high moral and business qualities, no bad habits, without presenting requirements for work experience is accepted for the position of a social work specialist

1.3. When providing social services to orphanages, a social work specialist must carry them out in strict accordance with the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of the System for the Prevention of Neglect and Juvenile Delinquency” dated January 1, 2001, as well as with the principles established by the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in Russian Federation":

Targeting;

Availability;

voluntariness;

Humanity;

Prioritizing the provision of social services to minors;

Confidentiality;

Preventive focus.

1.4. When providing pupils (graduates) with social services, show them maximum sensitivity, courtesy, attention, endurance, foresight, patience, take into account their physical and psychological condition

1.5. The social worker must:

Ensure the safety of the social services provided for the life and health of pupils, the safety of the property of the shelter;

Constantly improve their qualifications and professional skills through retraining from the institution, self-training.

1.6. A social work specialist in the performance of his functional duties must demonstrate professionally important qualities:

Honesty;

Truthfulness;

A responsibility.

2. Job Responsibilities

The social worker must:

2.1. To receive newly admitted children, draw up a personal file for them, organize a photograph of the child for a personal file

2.2. Maintain the personal files of the pupils assigned to him, seek to obtain the missing documents and ensure the order of conduct and safety of the personal files of the orphanage pupils.

2.3. Ensure the confidentiality of the personal files of the pupils of the Social Shelter.

2.4. Correspond with the executive authorities of the city of Moscow, higher organizations and government agencies on issues of ensuring the social protection of minors.

2.5. Deal with issues of studying the personality of minors in the context of institutional education, develop and implement an individual plan for the social rehabilitation of minors in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation of the Russian Federation, with their age, physical and intellectual characteristics.

2.6. Prepare documents for the acquisition of citizenship, a passport, a survivor's pension, a savings book, a foreign passport, an insurance policy of compulsory medical insurance, TIN, a Muscovite's social card, a pension insurance certificate, updating a financial personal account and an extract from the house book and other necessary documents for orphanage pupils.

2.7. Issue to specialists in social work and inmates of the shelter, accept against signature in the register of issuance of original documents from the personal file of inmates (safe) for submission to various state institutions of the Russian Federation

2.8. Work with children and adolescents living in the shelter to identify problems and crisis situations that are relevant to them, look for ways out of them, assist them in their further life and continue their education.

2.9. Check the living conditions of the pupils in the shelter and in Moscow at the place of registration.

2.10. Prepare a package of documents for the withdrawal of funds from the personal accounts of the orphanage pupils.

2.11. Carry out career guidance work with graduate students, prepare documents for the admission of students to educational institutions for primary vocational education, secondary vocational education and higher education, or employment and further patronage of graduates.

2.12. Form a package of documents, draw up and submit a list to the State Unitary Enterprise "Mossotsgarantiya" for receiving housing for graduates of the orphanage.

2.13. Conduct an inspection of the housing provided to the graduate, sign an agreement, register at a new place of residence, carry out military registration in the military registration and enlistment office.

2.14. Make a list for the implementation of cash payments to graduates of the shelter: a lump sum cash allowance and compensation payment.

2.15. Deal with the search for pupils who left the institution without permission: transfer to the police department, the municipality information that the child has escaped from the children's institution. Put into action if necessary.

2.16. Form a package of necessary documents for sending pupils to the City Medical-Psychological-Pedagogical Commission.

2.17. To put on military registration in the military registration and enlistment office pupils subject to conscription.

2.18. Issue and collect social cards of Moskvich pupils traveling to Moscow.

2.19. Prepare and timely submit reporting documentation and necessary information to the Department of Family and Youth Policy of Moscow.

2.20. Make a list, prepare the pupils of the shelter, transfer all the necessary documents to educational institutions for their further education on full state support.

2.21. Transfer information about children admitted to the shelter to the head of the regional operator of the state data bank of orphans and children left without parental care, fill out a questionnaire and the necessary documents.

2.22. Carry out registration of documents in the registration books of incoming and outgoing correspondence.

2.23. Prepare documents for orphanage pupils leaving for Moscow for weekends, holidays and vacation days.

2.24. Transfer documents of graduates to be registered with the CSO at the place of registration.

2.25. Organize and implement social patronage of graduates of the institution in accordance with the requirements of the governing documents of the Russian Federation and Moscow.

2.26. Submit a package of documents to the MHI and receive compulsory medical insurance policies for pupils.

2.27. Submit documents to the OUFMS in Stupino and receive foreign passports for pupils.

2.28. Regularly keep a diary of a social worker. Once a week, report to the management of the institution on the work done for assigned pupils and graduates. At the end of the month, submit to the Deputy Director for Social Work a report on the social rehabilitation of orphanage inmates.

2.29. Regularly, on the first day of each month, update the lists of the information stand of the social department:

- –, passports, citizenship;

- - survivor's pensions, insurance pension certificates;

- - children of the orphanage, departure, admission;

- training in a specialty, deprivation of parental rights;

- - apartments, lump-sum monetary compensation, lists of children in the shelter, benefits;

- - savings books, social cards of Moskvich;

Accounting in the CSO, TIN;

- - registration of pupils in the military registration and enlistment offices (VUS), international passports.

2.30. Follow additional instructions of the director of the Social Shelter, his deputy for social work, arising at any time of the day in the performance of official duties of a social work specialist.

2.31. When leaving for the next vacation, the social work specialist temporarily transfers his job duties to another specialist in agreement with the deputy director for social work.

3. Employee rights

The social worker has the right to:

3.1. Request and receive the necessary information and documents related to the issues of its activities.

3.2. Make suggestions to the immediate supervisor to improve the work related to the duties provided for in this job description.

3.3. Require management to assist in the performance of their professional duties and the exercise of rights.

3.4. Constantly improve qualifications in the manner prescribed by law.

3.5. For all social guarantees provided for by law.

3.6. Other rights provided for by labor legislation.

4. Employee Responsibility

4.1. For failure to perform or improper performance of their official duties provided for by this job description - within the limits determined by the current labor legislation of the Russian Federation.

4.2. For causing material damage to the employer - within the limits determined by the current labor and civil legislation of the Russian Federation.

4.3. For offenses committed in the course of carrying out their activities - within the limits determined by the current administrative, criminal, civil legislation of the Russian Federation.

Head of Human Resources _______________

Head of Social and Legal Department _______________

I am familiar with the job description:

"." _______________ 2010 _____________________________

Diagnostic function. Based on the principle of targeting social work, the specialist determines the degree of need and sufficiency of social assistance for a particular client, identifies social and personal resources that can be used to improve his life situation.

In a holistic diagnostic procedure, two interrelated and interdependent blocks can be conditionally distinguished: diagnostics of the client's social environment and diagnostics of the client's personality. At the same time, the first block is aimed primarily at identifying social resources that optimize the situation, and destructive factors, “problem points” of the environment that cause the situation to worsen; the second block is aimed at identifying the client's personal resources.

The information obtained at the same time as a whole allows us to answer the question about the relationship between the activity of the client and the specialist in joint activities aimed at helping (self-help) in a difficult life situation. When organizing interaction with a client, the specialist seeks not to take on the solution of his problems, but to mobilize the client's personal resources, making the stimulation of the self-help process the main focus of work. However, for this it is necessary to answer the question: what are the real possibilities of the client? Unreasonably relying on the missing or insufficiently developed personal resources of the client, the specialist can provoke the development of a situation in which the client will not be able to overcome difficulties on his own, which will lead to uncertainty, anxiety, and even negative tendencies in the perception of working with a specialist.

predictive function is implemented at the level of practical work with the client (clients) and at the administrative and managerial level. In both cases, when implementing the prognostic function, the specialist uses the results of the social diagnostics. In the technological algorithm, these levels are connected in series. On the basis of the “social diagnosis”, the specialist determines the potential for optimizing the current situation, the degree of probability of a positive resolution of problems, as well as the qualitative level of the expected result.

The specialist participates in forecasting and programming the process of social development of a particular micro-society, which is the object of his professional activity. Prognostic activity at the administrative and managerial level can be aimed at developing the system of a specific institution of social services for the population, as well as at the system of bodies and institutions of social protection of the city, district, subject of the Russian Federation. Based on a probing and information survey, information-targeted analysis of various documentation, social mapping and other methods of social diagnostics, shortcomings in the activities of various institutions involved in social work are identified, alternative trajectories for improving their activities are determined, as well as the optimal ratio of possible costs and results in the context every alternative.

Physical, mental, social, spiritual capabilities that help to overcome a difficult life situation and its consequences, to restore or form one's personal or social qualities that contribute to an increase in social status, are different for different people. If in one case a social worker expects a good result of working with a client, then in another case, the effectiveness can be objectively reduced by insurmountable circumstances. As an example, consider social work with two categories of clients: the unemployed and people with disabilities. In the situation of a person who has lost his job, a significant resource of the individual has been lost - participation in production activities, which entails a number of problems of a different nature. However, the restoration of this resource makes it possible to eliminate almost all adverse consequences for humans. In this case, we can assume high performance.

In a situation of social assistance to a person with disabilities, the loss of such a resource as “health” is in many cases irreversible. Then we are talking about compensation for the lost resource, i.e. about the most complete replacement of it with another resource. It is important here to determine what ideal result, i.e. achievable under the most favorable set of circumstances (in this case, “ideal” is determined not in relation to the results of working with other people, but in relation to the position in which the client is at the moment of predicting the development of his situation), and optimal the result, which is understood as the most harmonious ratio of costs and achievements in solving the client's social problems. Based on the forecast, the direction, stages and effectiveness of a possible intervention are determined.

Organizing function. A social work specialist organizes activities to provide social assistance to a client or group of people. At the same time, in the process of organizing activities, a specialist can occupy a number of positions: an executor of clearly defined tasks (assignments), an organizer of a separate area of ​​activity, a coordinator of the efforts of various persons to organize specific activities.

The types of activities organized by social work professionals vary significantly depending on the specifics of the institution, the categories of services served and the basic needs of the client group. The specialist determines first of all its target component. It is important that the goals of the activity are adequate to the social issues that are relevant for a particular urban microdistrict, township, village or other type of settlement.

Having determined the goal of the activity (for example, organizing leisure activities for children from low-income families of the microdistrict), the specialist selects the optimal forms for achieving this goal (mass holiday, organizing the work of sports sections, hobby groups, etc.), the choice of goal and form of activity largely determines its content.

The organizational function allows you to change the life situation of a client (or a group of clients) at the activity level; in this case, feedback arises in relation to the implementation of diagnostic and prognostic functions. The activity is built on the basis of the “social diagnosis” and the forecast of the development of the situation.

In the process of activity, social changes occur, which are fixed with the help of the second round of social diagnostics, and the effectiveness of the activity and the adequacy of the forecast depend on the degree of changes and their compliance with the set goal. In this case, the process develops in a spiral, i.e. on the basis of new diagnostic data, a new forecast is made and activities are organized to achieve socially significant goals.

intermediary function often referred to as the core function of the social worker. Society is a complex multi-component self-organizing system. Each member of the society is involved in many social ties, dependencies, which together make up the microsociety of the individual. The successful functioning of a person in a microsociety is due to a number of subjective and objective factors, the violation of any social connection entails tangible consequences for a person in the form of a variety of life problems.

So, for example, loss of health (disability) gives rise to many problems: socio-economic- deprivation of the usual level of security, imbalance in the sphere of consumption (most of the income is spent on maintaining the level of health, paid medical procedures, medicines, etc.), forced withdrawal from the production sector; socio-psychological- reduction of the circle of communication, a sense of one's own uselessness, a decrease in self-esteem, the formation of a negatively colored I AM- concepts, etc.; socio-pedagogical- difficulties in raising children, interpersonal conflicts in the family and other life circumstances.

To solve the difficulties and problems that have arisen, the help of specialists in various fields is necessary, however, the state of a person who is in a difficult life situation does not allow a person to make several “starting efforts”, i.e. look for the coordinates of a specialist, make an appointment, talk about your problems.

The social worker, as many authors define him as a “leader of social change”, connects the client with all the services he needs. To implement the intermediary function, the specialist accumulates information about the entire range of services provided in institutions, conditions, forms, methods of working with clients. The social worker communicates with the right specialist, can characterize the client's life situation (with his consent), i.e. Facilitates the process of providing professional assistance to representatives of other profiles and, consequently, the process of obtaining assistance by the client.

Innovative feature. A social work specialist in activities aimed at transforming society strives to use the most effective methods and technologies of work.

In order to improve the system of social support for the population, the activity of a specialist must be innovative, i.e. include new methodological and technological components.

The innovative function of a specialist is realized in a creative approach to the accepted technologies of social work (continuous analysis of their use, identification of strengths and weaknesses, introduction of new technological components), integration into the practice of social assistance of existing innovative experience (including the experience of institutions with the status of experimental sites). , experience of other regions of the Russian Federation, foreign countries, etc.).

Motivational function social worker is expressed in the creation of motivating conditions for the inclusion of the client in the activity of overcoming a difficult life situation, and not in solving his problem for him. The presence of one-sided activity in the system of interaction "specialist-client" is fraught, firstly, with the development of a dependent position of the client, the emergence of social expectations for meeting needs without one's own efforts, and, secondly, with low efficiency.

A difficult life situation that has arisen in a person can be overcome only as a result of his own efforts, a social work specialist in this case supports, directs, corrects the actions of the individual, ensures the availability of the necessary information, removes or reduces the opposition of various social barriers, but does not “solve the problem for client."

Among the main obstacles that impede the adoption and implementation of an active, active position regarding the existing problem, one can name: the client's lack of confidence in his abilities, fear of failure; lack or lack of information that ensures the effectiveness of activities; lack of social skills and implementation skills needed to solve the behavioral trajectory problem.

To overcome the difficulties identified by the client, the specialist uses the following methods and techniques of work:

• - counseling aimed at increasing the client's self-esteem;
• - inclusion of the client in activities that contribute to the achievement of a positive result (creation of a situation of success);
• - social learning of the client, including informative and behavioral blocks, etc.

Protective function a social work specialist is implemented in cases where a difficult life situation is caused by unauthorized actions of third parties that violate the rights and freedoms of the client. A specialist can act as an initiator of legal proceedings on the established fact of violation of the rights and freedoms of a client, a witness at a court session, and, if necessary, as a public defender.

preventive function. The current social situation in the Russian Federation is characterized by the intensive dynamics of the development of social pathologies: the spread of drug addiction, alcoholism, and prostitution among minors. Social pathologies move, as a rule, from larger settlements to smaller ones.

An analysis of the situation in large cities makes it possible to predict the development of unfavorable social phenomena in other types of settlements.

Elimination of the negative consequences of the formation of stereotypes of deviant behavior requires large financial costs. In addition, the effectiveness of such activities in the presence of persistent behavioral deviations does not always correlate with indicators of resource costs. Therefore, the implementation of the preventive function is one of the main areas of social work.