Foundation waterproofing fabric. Waterproofing the foundation of the house with rolled materials. Types of waterproofing materials for the foundation

The durability of the structure and the comfort of living in it depend on how well the waterproofing is done, because violations of the technological process of waterproofing the foundation of a building can cause its destruction, and also affect the amount of moisture and mold formation, which adversely affects human health.

The construction of any residential building begins with the construction of the foundation. But after its construction, it is necessary to provide it with protection from the influence of destructive factors. And first of all, it should be protected from moisture, that is, you need to make waterproofing for it.

Types of waterproofing

There are certain types of insulation, including gluing waterproofing of the foundation, coating and built-up. There is an opinion that concrete, which is used as a foundation material, is waterproof. However, this is not quite true. With prolonged contact with water, this mixture of concrete with moisture forms microscopic cracks in it, which, as a result of a temperature difference, simply destroys the foundation from the inside. Therefore, almost everywhere it is necessary to carry out waterproofing of the base of a residential building, and the choice of the type of insulation depends on many nuances.

The foundation of any building should be protected from two types of water: from precipitation and from groundwater. In order for the foundation not to suffer from precipitation, cut-off insulation, such as a blind area, is used. This is its main function. In the variant with surface moisture, the blind area must be done to absolutely all buildings. But waterproofing from groundwater is not always needed. It cannot be said that there are no underground currents in some territory. But it all depends on how deep they run and to what level they can rise.

External insulation

External waterproofing is best done, as a rule, when new construction is carried out. External insulation is a kind of cut-off coating, which is closed in a circle and does not allow water to penetrate inside. The coating is located on the outside of the building and moisture cannot penetrate the structure of the concrete, which prevents it from collapsing.

Internal insulation

If you use this method, then you should know that it protects the foundation only from the inside of the building. This method lends itself better to simple and quick repairs, especially if it is paint insulation, but the process of concrete freezing and thawing can occur.

Underground insulation "house in a bag"

For this type of insulation, a special PVC membrane is used. This pvc membrane should be up to two millimeters thick. Such cut-off insulation is not reinforced, and also does not have protection against ultraviolet radiation.

Digging a foundation pit. A thin cement screed is placed at the bottom. Then the bottom is covered with PVC membranes and welded. Around the perimeter, membranes are released about a meter. Now the base and walls are being made. It is also desirable to cover the walls with PVC cut-off material and hermetically connect them together. This PVC membrane is applied in a horizontal position by about eighty millimeters overlap, and it is mechanically laid vertically. Excess PVC material is subsequently soldered using hot air or a gas burner. The edges of the PVC membrane are fixed using special strips, fasteners or sealant. It should be noted that the movement and movement of the base do not affect the tightness of PVC insulation.

When is groundwater waterproofing required?

The choice to do or not to insulate underground depends on many factors. Waterproofing is necessary in cases where the groundwater level is less than one meter below the foundation. This value also takes into account the spring rise of waters. If underground currents lie at a depth of more than one meter from the foundation, then waterproofing is not necessary. However, it happens that the waters can rise not only in seasons, but after several years. Therefore, it is desirable to make at least the cheapest insulation, especially if the foundation is cement. There are cases when the level of water rise is higher than the foundation. Then it is necessary to carry out not only insulation, but also drainage in order to divert water from the base of the house.

Insulation is also required when a building is built on soils such as clay or loam. It is also worth paying attention to the composition of waters, because sometimes there are very aggressive currents, the mixture of elements of which has a negative effect on concrete, which leads to the formation of concrete corrosion.

Waterproofing classifications

There are several classifications by which I distinguish waterproofing and determine its main types. Depending on the purpose, waterproofing is divided into the following types:

• Antifiltration. This is the heaviest type of foundation insulation, the choice of which is made on difficult and unique construction sites. It is not worth it to equip such insulation with your own hands without special skills. It is used where houses are built on wet soils and have a strong load on the foundation of the house.
• Anti-corrosion. This type of isolation, depending on the technology of conducting, is divided into:
  1. vertical. They are applied in the lower underground part of the foundation to the very basement of the building.
  2. Horizontal. Thanks to horizontal insulation, capillary protection of the lower and upper planes of the foundation is produced.

All of the above base protection means are divided into types of waterproofing, depending on the material of their arrangement:

• Gluing method of waterproofing. Pasting waterproofing of the foundation involves the use of multilayer membranes of a diverting nature, the thickness of which reaches five millimeters, or roll components (for example, a mixture of roofing material or bitumen polymer). The membrane can be made from bitumen. Insulation rolls can be self-adhesive or flat applied with hair dryers or burners. After the membrane or roll is applied to the foundation, they must be processed with a roller. Everything can be done by hand, it is not very difficult. These methods of isolation have a serious disadvantage - the formation of joints and seams, which in the future may imply a violation of tightness.

• Coating methods. Such isolation is carried out using elastic mastic and membranes up to three millimeters. This waterproofing is applied with spatulas or brushes, and sometimes it is sprayed with a special spray gun for large volumes. Very often, the insulation is reinforced with a reinforcement mesh or a special technical fabric. The price of such insulation is an order of magnitude higher than pasting.

• Fused insulation. Fused foundation waterproofing is typically used for the reinforced concrete foundation insulation process and is not used for timber foundations.

To carry out such isolation with your own hands, you need to perform a number of actions:

1. Prepare the base surface. Clean everything from dust, dirt and all elements that may interfere with the adhesion of the material to the foundation, all sharp elements are eliminated.
2. Treat with a primer solution and wait until this mixture dries (about twenty-four hours)
3. The application of a rolled component (for example, lynocre) is carried out in the process of melting the lower part of the rolled roll with a burner flame with simultaneous heating of the foundation surface. The roll is slowly rolled out and pressed against the foundation.

Types of base protection

In addition to all the above methods of isolating the foundation, there are also additional types of protection that you can do yourself:

1. Installation of a warm blind area;
2. Masonry drainage and drainage;
3. Treatment with a special solution of the entire foundation;
4. Construction of a clay castle on all sides of the foundation.

Insulation depending on the foundation

In addition to the fact that waterproofing can be of different types, it can also have its own subtle nuances, depending on what material was laid in the foundation itself.

Waterproofing of the base from monolithic concrete

Usually, the protection of a monolithic base can be done by one's own hands in a variety of ways. At the moment, the most popular method for waterproofing such a base is considered to be using specially designed hydraulic additives with a funny solution. In this case, the price of insulation is acceptable and the quality is good. Now there are many manufacturers and types of similar additives in concrete. At first it may seem that they have the same properties and characteristics, but if you delve a little into the study of this issue, you can find many differences.

For example, if you purchase a high-quality additive, you can achieve an increase in concrete compaction by almost ten to twelve atmospheres. However, it is worth noting that the price of higher quality products is higher. If we talk about additives that should increase the moisture resistance of the material, then those that form crystals are considered the highest quality. However, in addition to the fact that such a foundation needs to be insulated using hydraulic additives, it is still desirable to install drainage and a linear drainage system for additional protection.

Base isolation from FBS blocks

Such a foundation is best isolated using a mixture based on bitumen or roofing material. Such materials are cheap and reliable. However, the service life of such protection is short, and at sub-zero temperatures, such protection loses its elasticity. That is, it cannot be used where the weather is predominantly cold.

Popular insulation products

There are several materials that are currently very popular and in demand in the construction market: penetron, linocrom, penoplex.

1. Penetron. The most popular insulation is now considered to be the one that is performed using Penetron material. This component allows insulation to be carried out by increasing the water resistance of concrete. Penetron creates a grid of crystals in the pores and cracks of the material, which consists of randomly placed crystals. Crystals are produced from the action of the chemical part of the Penetron material with water and concrete elements. That is, the penetron compacts the concrete so much that all cracks are well overgrown, and water cannot penetrate. In monolithic foundations, the use of such material as penetron is especially popular. It can be used both in prefabricated structures and in folding ones.

As part of the Penetron insulator, there are two components that act in the same way, but are introduced into concrete in different ways. There is Penetron, which penetrates the material by simply applying it in two layers on a wet base plane. And there is Penetron, which gets it as an additive.

1. Linocrom is already a rolled material that is produced by TechnoNIKOL. Linocrom is a deposited material with a multilayer structure. Linocrom is made by applying a bituminous mixture to a strong and non-rotting base from both sides. And on top of the linocrom has a layer of protection. Linocrom has many advantages, among which are: moisture resistance, biostability, and resistance to decay. A large layer of bitumen with specially designed polyolefin additives is also applied to the linocrom plane. Thus, linokrom does not give in to negative influence of environment.
2. Penoplex is a Russian brand that specializes in the production of extruded polystyrene foam. Penoplex also produces waterproofing of the foundation. This material has a number of advantages: the base of the house is insulated with foam plastic, because it has a low thermal conductivity; it is very durable; foam isolate the foundation, because it almost does not absorb moisture. It is also worth noting that with foam insulation in isolation, you can forget about mold and fungi. Penoplex not only insulates and insulates the foundation, but also insulates pipes, walls, and so on.

1. Bikrost is a bituminous rolled component. Bikrost is designed to insulate foundations and vapor barrier monolithic buildings. Bikrost is considered an economical and fairly high-quality material. Bikrost is made on the equipment of the European standard by applying bitumen and a special filler to the fiberglass. As a protection, coarse-grained and fine-grained dressing is also applied to the bicrost. Bicrost also contains a polymer film. Bikrost is of two types. But only Bikrost P is suitable for waterproofing the base of houses.

The cost of waterproofing

As a rule, all construction companies and firms seek to save on materials. Waterproofing the base is also the area that falls under the "savings". However, if the building is built not for the public, but for themselves, then here the builders must adhere to all the conditions for materials and quality. And if you do everything yourself, then the cost will be even lower. The price of waterproofing a house on average can range from sixty to three hundred rubles per square meter. However, there are more innovative technologies, the price of which is much higher. However, a guarantee for such waterproofing can be given for fifty years of service.

Water wears away the stone... Groundwater is one of the most dangerous "pests" of the foundation. Freezing, the water that has impregnated the concrete base expands and leads to cracks. The foundation of the building loses its properties, which affects the wear resistance of the entire building. Therefore, protection from water and moisture is required.

One of the "effective" protections is rolled waterproofing for the foundation. Often it is used in combination with other types of materials, creating a complex barrier that prevents the penetration of water into the thickness of the foundation.

Types of insulation protection

There are two of them - vertical and horizontal.

Vertical waterproofing

It is used in the presence of a basement or a high base. Roll insulation is used from the outside, and both the above-ground and underground parts are protected. That is, to the entire height of the foundation, even before backfilling.

Horizontal waterproofing

If the humidity is negligible, the groundwater is deep or there is no basement, you can limit yourself to horizontal protection. Which, of course, does not eliminate the need for other types of waterproofing (bituminous or, for example, penetrating - about it below).

Horizontal insulation is carried out along the perimeter of the foundation for wall panels, brickwork or timber. Its main task is to create a barrier between moisture and walls.

If the basement is underground, both types of protection are needed. Horizontal insulation is done at floor level and along the basement surface, and vertical insulation is done along the walls.

Types of roll waterproofing

Material Requirements

There are several types, but all of them must meet the following requirements:

• elasticity;
• tensile strength;
• water resistance;
• elongation at break;
• resistance to the influence of chemistry;
• durability.

Types of insulation

• Pasting rolled waterproofing for the foundation. This type includes materials that require stickers: roofing felt, glass isol, glassine ... They are mounted using special glue or mastic - usually several layers.
• Built-up. This category includes materials with a polymer or bitumen layer. The name speaks for itself - before applying insulation, this layer is heated with a burner.
• Membrane. This type not only protects the structure from external waters, but is also characterized by vapor permeability.

Foundation preparation for waterproofing

The foundation surface must be solid and even. Rolled materials do not fit on sharp edges, so the latter must be rounded off or dismantled. Cracks and voids are minted with a Penekrit mixture, which is part of the Penetron waterproofing complex. Pre-cracks and joints are expanded (section at least 25x25 mm) and treated with Penetron penetrating compound.

After drying, the foundation is fully treated with Penetron. The essence of penetrating insulation is the formation of a monolith of concrete with a mixture. The latter penetrates deep into the structure and, crystallizing, blocks the capillaries. The composition is able to penetrate to a depth of 40 cm, gradually deepening to 90 cm. The mixture is applied in two layers with an interval of several hours.

If pressure leaks occur, they are sealed with Peneplag or Waterplug quick-setting compounds. After that, Penetron is isolated.

It is not necessary to wait for the finished foundation. Penetron Admix is ​​a mixture that is recommended to be added to liquid concrete in a ratio of 1:100 to cement. Admix significantly enhances the water resistance of the foundation, increases its strength and frost-resistant characteristics.

If the base is distinguished by the presence of frankly defective - porous and loose - sections, they are dismantled before the reinforcement. The latter is cleaned and treated with an anti-corrosion compound, and the concrete is restored with the Scrape M500 repair mixture.

As a waterproofing of expansion joints, you can use the PeneBand system, which includes a strong elastic tape and a sealant (one- or two-component).

Before applying roll materials, the foundation is additionally covered with bituminous mastic. Sometimes, in dry areas, this is enough, but more often penetrating and bituminous insulation are used in combination with "rolls".

The next stage is rolled waterproofing for the foundation.

Installation of adhesive insulation

• a clean and durable base is primed with a special primer;
• a layer of varnish or mastic is applied to the foundation, which ensures adhesion of the insulation to the foundation;
• stick several layers of roofing material or other pasting roll material with an overlap of about 15 cm; if both horizontal and vertical pasting is performed, the corner overlap must be at least 30 cm;
• if necessary, apply the final layer of waterproofing varnish or mastic.

Installation of welded insulation

The structure of such insulation is multilayered: between a pair of layers of bituminous mastic there is a polymer or fiberglass base. The outer layer is distinguished by the applied protection of mineral chips. The inner one is characterized by a coating with a special film that prevents sticking of the strips.

Of the tools you will need:

• gas burner - with its help, the material is heated and the joints are welded;
• a heavy roller, which is used to iron the welded insulation, getting rid of air bubbles.

The installation process is reduced to heating the active layer and sticking it to the base. Fused rolled waterproofing for the foundation is glued both from top to bottom and from bottom to top - along the wall. The pasted material must be immediately ironed with a roller.

After pasting, the joints are welded with a gas burner to a complete monolith. If the installation is done from the bottom up along the foundation, the joints should be given increased attention, since the slightest flaw will result in water leakage.

The minimum number of layers is two. The maximum is limited by common sense. Each subsequent layer is mounted after the previous one has completely dried and with a shift of at least 250 mm.

Installation of membrane insulation

Roll waterproofing for a membrane-type foundation is relatively young. Materials for vertical and horizontal protection in this case are different. For the vertical, a studded membrane is used, which evenly distributes pressure on the foundation. The spikes are on the outside and perform two functions: protective and drainage (allowing storm water to drain into the drainage system). A smooth film is used for the horizontal, which prevents the capillary penetration of groundwater.

Vertical isolation device

• Rondels are attached to the prepared base - PVC-coated metal elements. They allow you to mount the membranes with a building hair dryer.
• The material is cut, not forgetting the seam allowance - at least 10 cm.
• Using spot welding, the membranes are attached to the rondels. The temperature is selected experimentally, achieving high-quality welding. The joints are welded with a double seam.

Horizontal isolation device

Smooth membrane roll waterproofing for the foundation requires more careful preparation - the material is less durable. If the membrane is designed for waterproofing the sole of the foundation, it is rolled out onto the prepared backfill. To do this, cut off a layer of soil, level it, cover it with sand and tamp the latter.

• Geotextiles are laid, the density of which is at least 400 g / m 2. The strips are laid with an overlap of 15 cm, the seams are boiled with hot air.
• A membrane film is laid on top with a 10-centimeter allowance. Welding is performed in a double seam format: a welding strip of at least 15 mm, an air pocket plus one more welding strip.
• After welding, the quality of the seam is checked - by piercing the membrane, air is injected into the weld. The latter should last at least 20 minutes. Less time is a reason to find a defect and fix it. A patch is made at the puncture site.
• Membrane rolled waterproofing for the foundation is covered from above with an additional layer of geotextile - its density is already 500 g / m 2.
• A film with a thickness of at least 200 microns is laid on top. Its function is to provide a sliding layer and prevent concrete from getting into the pores of the geotextile. The joints are glued with double-sided adhesive tape.

Which option to choose and how to competently perform insulation, based on specific conditions, experts will help determine. The foundation is too important to do waterproofing without proper qualifications. Turning to "BASIS-Pro", you will receive answers to all relevant questions. We will help you to perform the waterproofing of the foundation with a guaranteed result.

Special attention is always paid to the issues of erecting a highly reliable foundation for a house under construction. This is not surprising - the duration of the trouble-free operation of the building, and by and large, the safety of living in it always directly depends on the strength and stability of the foundation. When creating the foundation, the simplification of established construction technologies, ignoring the requirements for the sake of speeding up the process or reducing the cost of the overall estimate, and the use of low-grade materials should be categorically excluded.

It may sound paradoxical, but a powerful foundation structure, created according to all the rules and having a solid margin of safety, still remains very vulnerable to various external influences, and first of all, to moisture. Protecting the foundation of a building from the damaging effects of water is one of the key tasks, the importance of which, unfortunately, is simply overlooked by some novice builders. There are many different ways to solve this problem, and in the field of individual construction, roll materials have won the most distribution. This technology will be discussed in this publication.

Why should special attention be paid to foundation waterproofing?

Before proceeding directly to the consideration of foundation waterproofing technologies, it seems necessary to explain to the novice master why this stage of construction is so important, and what consequences the absence or insufficiency of protecting the foundation of the house from moisture can lead to.

To begin with, let's see in which layers of the soil water can be located in one state or another.

• The upper layers of the soil, including fertile soil, always contain a certain amount of moisture, which penetrates there due to precipitation, snow melting or in other ways - for example, direct spillage of water during irrigation of the site, when washing a car, in case of an accident on the water supply, etc. in other similar situations.

It is clear that the moisture concentration in the upper, so-called filtration layers of the soil is a constantly changing value, which is interconnected with established weather conditions, seasons, normal or abnormal amounts of precipitation, etc. But it also happens that if a water-resistant clay layer is located in the thickness of the soil close enough to its surface, then this moisture is collected in a fairly stable aquifer, which is often called perched water. And such a top water is already capable of bringing a lot of additional trouble, since, in addition to capillary penetration into the walls of the foundation, it is also capable of exerting a certain dynamic effect.

To reduce the impact of moisture in the upper layers of the soil, a properly planned and constructed storm sewer system is essential.

Stormwater, the importance of which some simply forget ...

To collect and drain water that has fallen out of rain or formed during the melting of snow in spring, to prevent undermining of building structures, to get rid of permanent puddles in the yard, to protect the site from waterlogging - all these problems should be solved, the independent creation of which is devoted to a separate publication of our portal.

• All layers always contain a certain amount of water, which is retained in them due to the capillary properties of the soil. Here we can already talk about a fairly stable concentration of moisture, which is not particularly affected by external changes in the weather or season.

Such a state of water does not have a dynamic effect on the walls of the foundation - everything is limited to infiltration into the thickness of the material. Usually, a not too thick, but strong, waterproof layer of waterproofing is sufficient to counteract this. True, for areas with increased saturation of soils with moisture, for swampy areas, it will not be possible to do without creating a drainage sewerage system.

Areas with high soil moisture require a drainage system!

If the soil at the construction site is clearly waterlogged, or aquifers are located close to the surface, then a system is required to constantly remove excess moisture to safe places. How - read in a special publication of our portal.

• Finally, the site may have aquifers close to the surface - this already depends on the characteristics of a particular area. The depth of their occurrence is different, but often they are located only 5–7 meters from the surface of the earth. The degree of their occupancy is a variable value, also depending on external current conditions. A clear proof of this is the fluctuation of the water level in the well.

This state of affairs requires maximum protection of the foundation when it is laid deep, that is, well-thought-out multi-layer waterproofing of all structural elements. In addition, an efficient drainage system is extremely important.

Now a few words about how moisture can negatively affect the foundation structure.

• From the school bench, we all know the chemical formula of water, but what falls out with precipitation or penetrates to the foundation through the ground is very far from the notorious "Ash-Two-O". Moisture can be literally oversaturated with aggressive chemical compounds of an organic or mineral nature - industrial emissions, automobile exhausts, spilled petroleum products, agricultural chemicals and much more are dissolved in it.

Such a “chemical attack” on concrete does not pass without a trace - its structure can change, which leads to violations of the crystal lattice, the occurrence of erosion processes, and the gradual shedding of the outer layers of the reinforced concrete structure.

• Where erosion and shedding of concrete began, the reinforcement of the structure will also be exposed over time. And then the corrosion of the metal will take over its "dirty deed". Moreover, this is fraught not only with a loss of strength of the reinforcing frame itself. In place of the reinforcing bars “eaten” by corrosion, internal cavities are formed, which sharply reduce the strength qualities of the foundation, and eventually lead to chipping of large fragments of the reinforced concrete structure.
• Moisture penetrating into large and small cracks or even simply absorbed into the pores of concrete has a powerful destructive effect, which manifests itself during freezing. Repeatedly increasing in volume during the transition to a solid state of aggregation, water is capable of literally tearing apart seemingly powerful concrete structures that are invulnerable to external influences or walls made of piece materials.

• Finally, in the presence of perched water or closely located aquifers, a leaching effect cannot be ruled out. Constant dynamic contact of foundation structures, even with completely clean water, leads to surface disturbances - shells or cavities are washed, which then become centers of concrete erosion and corrosion of the reinforcing frame.

So, the arguments for carrying out high-quality waterproofing work are more than enough. Now let's see how this can be done.

What is being done to protect the foundation from the damaging effects of moisture?

To prevent the destructive impact of ground and atmospheric moisture on the foundation structure, a number of measures are taken during construction. These include the following:

• The materials used to build the foundation of the building are given additional hydrophobic qualities.
• On the walls of the foundation, vertical (along their entire height) and horizontal, moisture-impervious coatings are created.
• A cutting horizontal waterproofing is created between the foundation and the walls of the building erected on its basis - to prevent the capillary spread of moisture upwards through the wall material.
• It is provided, by creating a drainage and storm sewer, a constant effective removal of excess moisture from the foundation of the house.
• Measures are being taken to thermally insulate the foundation structure and the strip of blind areas around it.
• The waterproofing and insulation layer itself is provided with reliable protection against mechanical damage.
• For basements or basement floors, effective air ventilation is provided.

There are several varieties for this area of ​​\u200b\u200bconstruction. Not all of them are equally capable of withstanding the external pressure of moisture, there are significant differences in the technology of application, and there may be a big difference in the price segment.

The table below compares some of the main types of foundation waterproofing in terms of their ability to withstand various types of ground moisture and strength parameters.

Type of waterproofing and materials used for it	Crack resistance	The effectiveness of the created protection against various types of ground moisture			Room class
		perch	soil moisture	aquifer	I	II	III	IV
Pasting rolled waterproofing using modern bituminous membranes based on polyester or fiberglass	high	+	+	+	+	+	+	-
Waterproofing using polymer waterproof membranes	high	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Coating waterproofing using polymer or bitumen-polymer mastics	average	+	+	+	+	+	+	-
Flexible coating waterproofing using polymer-cement compositions	average	+	-	+	+	+	-	-
Rigid coating waterproofing using cement-based compounds.	low	+	-	+	+	+	-	-
Penetrating waterproofing, dramatically increasing the hydrophobic properties of concrete	low	+	+	+	+	+	+	-

Probably, one explanation should be made regarding the last columns of the table - the classes of basements or basements:

• The first class refers to premises that do not have special requirements for waterproofing. That is, wet spots on the walls and even small leaks are acceptable there, but the use of any kind of electrical lighting fixtures and sockets is completely excluded. Naturally, in residential construction there are no hunters to leave such a room.
• The second class is utility or technical rooms, with a wall thickness of at least 200 mm, where damp vapors are allowed (they must be removed by a mandatory ventilation system), but there should be no damp spots. Under such conditions, the room can be equipped with electrical wiring.
• The third class is the optimal standard for a residential building, that is, it is advisable to focus on it during self-construction. Moisture penetration is completely excluded, natural or forced ventilation is provided, there are no restrictions on the equipment of the premises. The thickness of the walls in this case is at least 250 mm.
• With the fourth class of premises, which must provide a special microclimate and maintain strictly regulated indicators of humidity and temperature, in private construction, as a rule, they do not encounter.

If we analyze the table, and at the same time take into account the cost of various materials, then one of the most optimal solutions is the use of gluing rolled waterproofing on a bitumen basis - it fully corresponds to class III premises, is resistant to cracking and is able to protect the foundation from the effects of any type of groundwater . And in order to achieve the best indicator of reliability, it is often combined with coating insulation based on polymer-bitumen.

A brief overview of bitumen-based roll materials

The products of the Russian company TechnoNikol can serve as a kind of standard for the quality and effectiveness of waterproofing for foundations. Its product range includes a range of bitumen-based roll materials that are excellent for this purpose. And they differ in their intended purpose, the thickness of the created layer, the features of the technology of applying building structures to the surface, durability, and, of course, by the price criterion. That is, the consumer has the opportunity to choose the material that is optimal for their conditions.

Prices for "Bikrost CCI"

bicrost tpp

The most popular varieties of rolled waterproofing materials of this brand are shown in the table:

Name of rolled waterproofing	Illustration	Brief description of material features	Approximate price level
"Bikrost CCI"		One of the budget options. Obtained by applying a bituminous substance with modifying additives to a glass cloth base. The technology of application to the surface is fusing. The outer coating of this type of material (TPP) is a polymer film. The guaranteed service life is short - about 5 ÷ 7 years, which is certainly not enough for a foundation. Operating temperature range - from -3 to +80 ºС. The thickness of the resulting insulation is 3 mm. Available in rolls 1 m wide and 15 m long.	65 ÷ 70 RUB/m²
"Linocrom EPP"		The material can also be considered "budget" although the durability of the waterproofing being created is already higher, and is estimated at 7-10 years. The basis is polyester fibers. Excellent adhesion to concrete and metal surfaces. The outer protective coating is a polymer film. Release form - rolls 15 × 1 m. Operating temperature range - from -30 to +80 ºС.	65÷70 rub./m²
"Bikroelast CCI"		Waterproofing material on a polyester or fiberglass basis. The outer coating is a polymer film. The service life is estimated at 15 years or more. Mounting method - fusing on the prepared foundation surface.	75÷80 RUB/m²
Uniflex Chamber of Commerce and Industry		Rolled waterproofing material of a business class on a fiberglass basis. Mounting technology - welding. The thickness of the created layer is 2.8 mm. The outer coating is a polymer film. The service life is estimated at 15÷20 years. Operating temperature range - from -30 to +95 ºС.	95÷100 rub/m²
"Bipol Standard 3.0 CCI"		Rolled waterproofing class "standard" with a service life of up to 10÷15 years. The outer coating is a polymer film, the base is fiberglass. Method of application - welding with a gas burner. Release form - rolls 15 × 1 m.	75÷85 RUB/m²
"Stekloizol HPP 2.5"		Economy class waterproofing, with a guaranteed service life of 5÷7 years. The base is fiberglass, the top coating is a polymer film. Mounting technology - "cold" gluing on the applied layer of bituminous mastic. Operating temperature range - from -20 to +80 ºС. Release form - rolls 10 × 1 m. One of the most affordable materials in terms of price. It is recommended to create at least two layers of insulation.	30÷40 RUB/m²
Technoelast EPP		Premium waterproof material. The base is polyester fibers, the outer coating is a polymer film. The thickness of the created waterproofing layer is 4 mm. The guaranteed service life of waterproofing is 25÷30 years, and the total duration of operation is estimated at 40 years or more. The ability to withstand the constant dynamic pressure of groundwater. Application technology - welding with a gas burner. Operating temperature range - from -30 to +100 ºС. Release form - rolls 10 × 1 m.	135÷140 RUB/m²
Technoelastmost B		Roll material of a premium class of the increased durability and reliability. The thickness of the created layer is 5 mm. The coating of the outer side is fine-grained sand, which creates additional protection against mechanical damage. It is used for waterproofing powerful reinforced concrete structures and deep foundations. Mounting technology - welding. The service life is estimated at 40 years or more. Operating temperature range - from -30 to +100 ºС. Release form - rolls 8 × 1 m.	220 RUB/m²
Technoelast ALFA		Premium quality roll material recommended for use as a single-layer or multi-layer (for the outer layer) waterproofing in regions with unfavorable environmental conditions. The base is a polyester fabric and metal foil, which acts as a gas barrier, preventing inert gases (including radon) from passing through. Mounting technology - welding. Service life in the buried part of the foundation is more than 60 years. Operating temperature range - from -30 to +100 ºС. Release form - rolls 10 × 1 m.	250 RUB/m²
Technoelast GREEN		Roll material used in conditions where additional protection from the root system of plants is needed. Mechanical and chemical "barriers" prevent root damage to the waterproofing layer. The thickness of the created coating is 4 mm. Mounting technology - welding. The service life is estimated at 25÷30 years or more. Operating temperature range - from -30 to +100 ºС. Release form - rolls 10 × 1 m.	230 RUB/m²
Technoelast BARRIER (BO)		Baseless premium waterproofing material, especially useful in cases where "hot" welding work is not possible or practical. Mounting on a surface prepared with a primer using a self-adhesive layer, which is covered with a polymer protective film before use. The thickness of the created single-layer coating is 1.5 mm. High elasticity and excellent adhesion to prepared and primed surfaces. Service life - 40 years or more. Operating temperature range - from -30 to +85 ºС. Release form - rolls 20 × 1 m. In addition, in some cases (for example, when creating areas of reinforcement) it is more convenient to use the material of the reduced format "Technoelast BARRIER BO Mini" - 0.2 × 20 or 0.25 × 20 m.	150÷160 RUB/m²

As can be seen from the table, the materials differ in the thickness of the created layer. But what is the thickness of the finished waterproofing? You can look at the following metrics:

• When working on a shallow foundation, up to 3 meters deep, 2 mm waterproofing is sufficient (of course, with reliable sealing of all overlaps of the material and creating protection against mechanical damage to the ground). Thus, one-layer installation can be used, but with mandatory reinforcement in vulnerable places (this will be discussed below). True, if economy-class material is used, then it is still better not to be stingy, but to perform a two-layer waterproofing, and with the obligatory displacement of the seams between the sheets, by about half the width of the web of roll material.
• For deep foundations, with a base depth of 3 to 5 meters, the thickness of the created layer should be in the range from 4 to 8 mm (depending on the specific characteristics of the soil at the construction site).
• And, finally, in the case of deepening the sole into the ground below the 5-meter level, the waterproofing should be from 8 mm or more. In private construction, such foundations are usually not resorted to, so this information is just for information.

Basic technological rules for waterproofing the foundation with rolled bituminous materials

General foundation waterproofing schemes

Foundation waterproofing is divided into horizontal and vertical. The diagrams below will show a typical arrangement of such waterproofing layers on foundations of two types - on and on a monolithic slab.

On the selected and carefully compacted soil (pos. 1), a sand and gravel cushion (pos. 2) is poured. In addition, the so-called concrete preparation (pos. 2) can be carried out (recommended) on top of it - a layer of about 50 mm thick of lean concrete is poured, which will become the basis for further pouring or laying the foundation tape.

Prices for Technoelast

Technoelast

This diagram shows a monolithic strip foundation - prefabricated versions of it are often used, but the essence of this changes slightly, there are only certain nuances.

A monolithic tape or slab (pos. 4), which will serve as the sole, and sometimes also the base of the floor in the basement, as in this illustration, must be separated from the concrete preparation layer by the “first tier” of rolled waterproofing (pos. 3) in order to exclude capillary absorption of moisture from below. In the shown version, the sole and the tape (pos. 5) of the foundation are a monolithic structure. But in the event that the tape begins to be poured separately from the sole, or it serves as the basis for laying foundation blocks, then another layer of horizontal waterproofing is usually provided - precisely along the upper end of the sole, between it and the tape.

The transition from the horizontal plane of the sole to the vertical tape must be made "softened". To do this, a transitional fillet (pos. 6) is laid out along the line of this inner corner.

Vertical waterproofing on the walls of the foundation tape (pos. 7) is welded or glued over its entire area on a surface previously prepared and treated with a primer bitumen primer.

The horizontal surface along the top of the foundation tape is also waterproofed without fail (pos. 8). This horizontal layer becomes a reliable cut-off from the spread of capillary moisture from the soil to the walls of the future building. This can be done by bending the provided excess of rolled vertical insulation, or separately, by cut out tapes, but with the obligatory condition of reliable sealing of the transition from the tape wall to its upper end.

The diagram additionally shows: a pipe of an annular drainage system (pos. 9), the importance of which has already been mentioned above, backfilling of the foundation (pos. 10), which is carried out after completion of work on its waterproofing and, if necessary, insulation, and a blind area around the basement buildings (pos.11).

Never forget about quality blind area!

It performs by no means only a decorative function - its importance in ensuring the durability of the operation of the foundation, and hence the entire building as a whole, is difficult to overestimate! What are, and how to build them with your own hands - read in a special publication of our portal.

Now let's move on to the slab foundation waterproofing scheme:

In an excavated pit on compacted soil (pos. 1), sandy soil (pos. 2) is filled up and carefully compacted. On top of it, a layer of gravel or gravel (pos. 4) is laid out and carefully rammed, which will also play a certain waterproofing role - through such a layer, the capillary “sucking” of moisture from below, from the side of the soil, is sharply reduced. For greater reliability, the laid “pillows” are made of a kind of reinforcement, laying a layer of geotextile between them, for example, dornite (pos. 3).

Above is a layer of concrete preparation, at least 50 mm thick (item 5), which will level the base and become the base for the most important work with the foundation slab. And this layer already needs high-quality horizontal waterproofing (pos. 6), which will become a barrier that completely protects the foundation from moisture from below. The optimal solution for this is precisely rolled bitumen-polymer waterproofing materials, which completely, hermetically cover the concrete preparation.

This illustration shows an insulated version of the foundation slab. In particular, extrusive slabs (pos. 7) were laid on top of the waterproofing, designed specifically for insulating foundations and loaded floors. And only after that the reinforced foundation slab itself (pos. 9) of the calculated thickness is poured.

Please note that another layer of waterproofing is laid between the layer of thermal insulation material and the foundation slab (pos. 8). It has a slightly different purpose - it only prevents the release of moisture and cement milk from the poured concrete solution, thereby ensuring optimal maturation of concrete until it reaches its full grade strength. Here, to create a waterproofing barrier, it is quite possible to get by with the most economical material, for example, use a dense polyethylene film with a thickness of at least 200 microns.

Well, the resulting slab itself is still only a foundation, from which the walls of the building will be erected, and further equipment of the floors of the first or basement floor. Before any of these operations, another set of waterproofing works is necessarily carried out - a continuous roll waterproofing is laid, which will eventually cover the entire slab, reliably protecting it from moisture penetration from above. In addition, measures are provided for isolating the vertical ends of the slab - as a rule, such measures are already taken during the insulation and finishing of the basement.

It should be noted that these options were shown only as an example, but in fact their diversity is extremely large. But the basic rules are always observed:

• The first is to protect the underground part of the foundation in contact with the ground from the effects of ground moisture.
• The second is to provide for a “cut-off” between the foundation itself and any other structure of the house that is being built on its basis.

Technological methods of laying rolled waterproofing on a bitumen basis

Further, in the instruction tables, the main technological methods for performing waterproofing of the foundation will be considered. Particular attention is paid to difficult places that require additional reinforcement, and which, unfortunately, some masters simply forget, or deliberately ignore this issue, thereby trying to speed up the overall duration of the process and save material. If the work is planned to be carried out not independently, but with the involvement of a team, then this issue must be taken under control.

Implementation of horizontal waterproofing

Illustration
	As a rule, waterproofing of the horizontal part of the foundation (with the exception of the upper end of the tape) is carried out according to concrete preparation. Ideally, this should be done before the footing of the strip footing is laid or before the strip is poured. An approximate diagram of the correct arrangement of waterproofing layers is shown in the diagram. 1 - concrete preparation; 2 - horizontal waterproofing from roll materials; 3 - Foundation wall, monolithic or laid out of blocks; 4 - transitional fillet; 5 - section of waterproofing reinforcement; 6 - vertical waterproofing of the foundation tape. Please note - with this approach, the horizontal waterproofing layer should extend beyond the boundaries of the future tape by at least 300 mm - in this area the connection between the horizontal and vertical waterproofing will be sealed.
	It makes no sense to start work on an unprepared - dirty, dusty, uneven or even unstable surface. This means that the first step should always be an audit of the state of the surface. It should not have cracks, potholes, sagging of concrete, areas of instability or crumbling of the material. If defects are found, appropriate repairs are carried out. The value of the surface level difference should not exceed 5 mm per 2 linear meters - this is checked by applying a long rule.
	The surface must be free of any contaminants that may prevent proper adhesion of the waterproofing layer to the substrate. This applies to dirt, oil stains, etc. Without fail, dried cement milk and dust are carefully removed. Large dirt can be swept away with a broom ...
	... but for effective cleaning of fine dust, it is still better to use a powerful construction vacuum cleaner.
	The next step is to prime the surface with a primer. However, before proceeding to this operation, it is necessary to make sure that the residual moisture content of the concrete by weight does not exceed 4%. The best way to check is to use a special moisture meter. It is clear that not everyone has such a tool, so you can use the "folk" technique. To do this, a fragment of a polyethylene film, 1000 × 1000 mm in size, is spread on the concrete surface, and sealed around the perimeter to the base using waterproof construction tape. The next day in the morning it is necessary to check whether there are drops of condensate on the film.
	If the film is dry, you can proceed to priming the surface. For this, a special primer "TechnoNIKOL No. 01" or "No. 03" is usually used.
	If the maturation period of the concrete preparation has completely expired, but the humidity remains elevated (traces of condensate are visible on the film), then it is possible to use the TechnoNIKOL No. 04 primer for priming, since it is water-based.
	Before applying the primer composition must be mixed. This is best done with an electric drill, installing a mixer nozzle on it. The drill should be set to low speed.
	The primer is applied abundantly, evenly, over the entire surface, without leaving "light" spots. On large areas, it is most convenient for these purposes to use a roller with a long pile, mounted on a long handle.
	For processing difficult, hard-to-reach places, it is advisable to use a paint brush with dense and stiff bristles. It should be noted that the manufacturer does not recommend mechanizing the priming process with the help of certain types of sprayers - quality is guaranteed only with manual application of the compositions.
	After covering the entire surface with a primer, it is given time to dry completely. It is unacceptable to carry out work on the fusing of rolled waterproofing on a wet surface. Moreover, even within the same room or site, it is impossible to carry out priming and laying waterproofing in parallel, or even other work related to open fire (for example, welding). It is easy to check the readiness of the primed surface - for this you just need to press a regular napkin against it. If a black mark remains on the napkin, it is too early to talk about the beginning of the next stage.
	Only after there are no traces of the primer on the napkin, it is allowed to proceed to laying the rolled waterproofing material.
	Equipment for welding material is being prepared for operation. It includes a propane tank, a gas heater, a reducer, a connecting hose. Preparation is carried out in strict accordance with the instructions, in compliance with all safety requirements. A working fire extinguisher must be available at the work site. The hands of workers must be protected with reliable gloves, clothing - do not leave open areas of the body.
	It is advisable to start work by fitting the starting sheet of rolled waterproofing. It is unfolded to the desired length, if necessary, cut to size. If there is such an opportunity, it is even recommended to let the material lie down for some time in the expanded state. The canvas must be set exactly in the place where it will be fused - since we are talking about the starting sheet, then along the edge of the insulated area.
	Even better, if you immediately try on several sheets, roll them out, cut them and immediately set the necessary overlaps on the ends and sides. In this case, the following rules are observed:
	The end overlap of adjacent sheets located in one line must be at least 150 mm.
	Overlap on the side between two adjacent strips of material - at least 100 mm. In the same case, if only one layer of waterproofing will be glued, it is recommended to increase this overlap to 120 mm.
	In places where the end and side overlaps will intersect, T-shaped seams are obtained. To ensure reliable sealing of such a connection, on the sheet that is in the middle between the top and bottom, a corner with sides of 100 × 100 mm is cut diagonally.
	It is mandatory to ensure that these T-shaped seams go with a run-up - the distance between adjacent ones must be at least 500 mm.
	After trying on, the sheet of rolled material is folded again - for this, a cardboard sleeve or a piece of metal pipe is used. For the convenience of work, you can roll the roll not in one direction, but from both ends to the center.
	Start welding material. To do this, the flame of a gas burner heats up the back side, with a logo printed on it. The heating should be such that the protective film melts - this will be clearly visible by the deformation of the applied pattern with the logo. At the same time, the flame of the burner also heats up the concrete base to be waterproofed.
	When heated, the burner is smoothly moved along the width of the roll. And only when melting is achieved throughout the area, rolling is performed so that the melted zone fits snugly against the surface. At the same time, each pressed area, as it rolls out, will “drive” a roller of molten bitumen in front of it - as it should be, this just speaks of high-quality deposition.
	On the Internet, you can find a lot of illustrations and videos in which the master rolls the roll away from himself, pushing it forward with his foot. Meanwhile, this is a violation of technology, and for two reasons at once. Firstly, the worker in this position cannot fully visually control the correctness and completeness of the penetration of the protective film of the material. And secondly, moving in shoes along a membrane softened by a flame, it is not difficult at all to damage its protective top coating, which will lead to a decrease in the quality of waterproofing.
	The rolling of the roll must be carried out on yourself. To do this, you can use a metal hook, which is easy to make from trimming reinforcement, processing it after bending so that there are no sharp edges on the rod.
	Another option is to make a loop from the same reinforcement or hard wire, the edges of which are wound from the ends into a sleeve on which the rolled material is wound. It is even easier to unroll a heated roll using such a device, simply by regularly pulling it towards you.
	It is advisable to carry out the work with a partner, who, immediately after the deployment of the next deposited area, will roll it with a massive roller. Rolling is carried out from the center of the web to the edges, somewhat diagonally, that is, in a herringbone pattern, so as to completely eliminate the presence of non-welded areas and air bubbles. Waves, folds, wrinkles are unacceptable. Particular attention during such an operation is given to areas of end and side overlaps.
	After rolling the edge zones, a small, about 5 ÷ 10 mm, bead of molten bitumen should come out from under the deposited sheet - this indicates reliable sealing of the edge. In this order, work continues until the entire surface is covered with a continuous layer of waterproofing.
	In some cases (this mainly depends on the hydrological characteristics of the foundation construction site), it is allowed to install horizontal waterproofing using free laying technology, that is, without fusing over the entire area. The same method is also used in the case when waterproofing is carried out not on a concrete base, but on a compacted sand and gravel "cushion". With such an approach, the operation of preliminary priming of the surface falls out, the rolls are simply laid one by one on the surface, and at the same time, the same linear overlap parameters are observed. After precise adjustment of the two laid strips, the edge of the upper web is carefully lifted with a hook, the edge zone is heated with a gas burner, and only the overlap area is welded. Then this strip is necessarily rolled by a skating rink. True, when choosing a free laying technology, it should be remembered that one layer of rolled material cannot be dispensed with. And at the same time, the second layer should be welded in the same way as described above, that is, over its entire area.
	In any case, when fusing the second (and subsequent, if necessary) layer, the direction of the sheets can be turned 90 degrees. If the direction does not change, then a mandatory displacement of the longitudinal seams is made, at least by 300 mm, and optimally - by half the width of the sheet, that is, by 500 mm. The remaining parameters of the overlaps and the distance between the seams are the same as for the installation of the first layer.
	Another important nuance. In the case when a material with specific characteristics is used for multilayer waterproofing (for example, Technoelast Alfa or Technoelast Green), then it should be located on the side facing the ground. This means that with horizontal waterproofing, it becomes the first layer, and then it is covered on top with another material with standard characteristics. Looking ahead, we can immediately say that with vertical waterproofing, the picture changes to the opposite - first, the walls of the foundation are pasted over with ordinary material, and only the outer layer is mounted insulation with special characteristics. In the diagram, arrows and numbers show: 1 - reinforcement element - from a material with standard qualities. 2 - a layer of waterproofing from a material with standard qualities. 3 - layers of rolled material with specific qualities ("Alpha" or "Green").
	In the event that the production of hot work is impossible or impractical, a self-adhesive version of the rolled waterproofing can be used. In the TechnoNIKOL line, it is represented by the baseless material Technoelast Barrier BO
	The process of surface preparation is practically the same. Primer treatment is a mandatory operation. The roll is rolled out, tried on, and then rolled from both sides to the center. When trying on and in the course of further work, all overlap parameters remain the same as with welded waterproofing.
	The adhesive layer on the underside of the web is covered with a polymer film. It is carefully cut and hooked across the entire width of the roll.
	Then the film is carefully removed, freeing the self-adhesive layer, and the rolling of the roll begins.
	The work is best done in pairs. One worker, removing the protective film, gradually unrolls the roll towards himself. The second, moving along the already spread material, with the help of a wide rigid plastic brush, expels air bubbles and ensures a snug fit of the material to the surface. Since the surface is treated with a primer, a very good adhesive contact with the applied waterproofing is ensured.
	All areas of overlap in addition to this must be rolled with a heavy roller.
	Now - a few words about the horizontal waterproofing of the basement of the foundation (the upper end of the tape). It is forbidden to carry out any construction work on the construction of walls until a cut-off has been created from the possible spread of capillary moisture from below. Work begins, again, with a thorough cleaning and dedusting of the surface of the tape. Then a primer is prepared for work - the same as in the cases discussed above.
	The primer is generously applied with a wide brush-brush on all surfaces to be waterproofed.
	While the primer dries, you can prepare rolls of waterproofing material for work. They must be cut to the width of the foundation tape plus another 50 ÷ 70 mm allowance on each side. You can cut a single roll into strips of the desired width without rolling it out. To do this, you need an electric jigsaw with a long file. Gradually turning the roll, make deep cuts along the intended circle.
	In the center of the roll, these cuts will connect, and the output will be mini-rolls of the same factory length, but with the width required for a particular area of ​​work.
	The cut roll is adjusted to the place of future installation. It is rolled out, leveled, so that the strip of material does not “run away” from the direction of the line of the foundation tape. Then one edge can be immediately grabbed by fusing, thereby fixing the position of the web, and the roll can be rolled up to this edge.
	By the way, if the amount of work is not so large, and there is no way to rent a gas burner with a cylinder, then in this case you can use an ordinary gasoline blowtorch - many garages have such a tool. It may not work so conveniently, but for the surface of the foundation tape it is quite normal. But it’s better not to rely on a building hair dryer - its power will almost certainly not be enough for high-quality penetration of the protective layer of the material and for simultaneous heating of the concrete surface.
	Further - almost everything is the same as in the previously considered cases. The roll is gradually rolled out with preliminary melting of the protective layer of waterproofing. The deposited material is recommended to be immediately rolled with a hand roller or a silicone roller.
	Side overlaps are not expected here, and end overlaps are made in the same way - with an overlap of at least 150 mm. And at the points of intersection or junction of the sides of the foundation tape, the overlap can be welded over the entire area of ​​this intersection.
	Excess material protruding along the edges of the tape is welded onto a vertical wall. If vertical waterproofing has already been performed there, then a reliable sealed overlap will be obtained.
	If the waterproofing and insulation of the basement is planned to be carried out later, then you can leave the overlap on the outside of the foundation tape unglued. Or, which is even, probably, even better, after fusing this overlap, additionally fuse on top of another strip of material of the required width. After cutting from the roll, this strip is first rolled out and leveled.
	And then, just as before, it is welded onto the previously mounted layer of horizontal waterproofing of the tape. In the future, when the base is insulated, this strip will overwhelm all layers from above, creating a reliable barrier against the penetration of atmospheric moisture and precipitation from above.

Foundation vertical waterproofing

Illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	If waterproofing will be carried out on a newly erected foundation, then a trench is usually immediately provided for the work. In the same case, when you want to waterproof the old foundation, you will have to choose the soil along the walls to the full depth, up to the sole. The width of the trenches is made such as to ensure the movement of workers and the safe performance of all technological operations by them, and, if necessary, the installation of scaffolds, scaffolding or goats.
	Work begins with cleaning the surfaces of the sole and the walls of the foundation. It is necessary to carefully clean off all adhering dirt, remove the influx of concrete or masonry mortar, and repair all cracks and crevices.
	Dips in the surface that differ from the general plane of the wall by more than 5 mm per two linear meters are unacceptable. If necessary, leveling is carried out using a repair solution.
	Cleaning of surfaces is carried out first with scrapers (spatulas), then with a stiff brush with metal bristles. All the dirt that has fallen down is swept away, leaving a clean, dust-free surface of the sole.
	If there are transitions from a horizontal to a vertical surface, for example, from concrete preparation to the sole and from the sole to the foundation wall, then a transitional fillet is laid out there. It can be molded from mortar with a fast setting, as it does not perform any load-bearing function, and serves only to tightly fit the waterproofing in places of sharp change of direction, smoothing them out. The dimensions of the fillet are about 100 × 100 mm.
	The fillet is laid out and leveled with a trowel or spatula.
	The vertical surface of the foundation with the fillets laid out will look something like this.
	After the fillets have hardened, and provided that the residual moisture content of the concrete of the main surfaces of the foundation is normal, the surface is primed with a primer. Humidity standards are the same as indicated in the previous table. The primer is thoroughly mixed and liberally applied to the surface with a brush or roller on a long handle.
	All hard-to-reach areas, and especially internal corners and transitions, are necessarily smeared with a primer with a brush, so that there are no untreated areas.
	After complete drying of the primer, they proceed to the fusing of the waterproofing material. In this case, several important rules are observed: Firstly, all work is carried out from the base of the foundation towards the basement, so that each subsequent mounted fragment overlaps the bottom one.
	Secondly, each of the welded sheets is also mounted from the bottom up. Otherwise, the molten tar will flow down the walls, get on the hands, clothes and shoes of workers, and the quality of the waterproofing itself will drop sharply.
	Thirdly, the cut fragment should not change direction from vertical to horizontal and vice versa more than twice (ideally, once is enough). That is, on "broken" sections it is necessary to use two or more sheets of material.
	Fourth, all difficult sections require the creation of a reinforcement belt. These include the transitions of a horizontal surface to a vertical one and vice versa, which is typical for foundations with a sole, as well as all external and internal vertical corners. If a utility pipe passes through the foundation wall, then additional reinforcement and sealing are also performed here.
	Thus, if you suddenly notice that the invited masters begin to “sculpt” the rolled material with a continuous web from the sole to the base, without making any areas of reinforcement, then there is every reason to drive them away. This is a blatant violation of established technology, and the reliability of waterproofing will not be ensured. Despite the elasticity of the material, it is almost impossible to completely eliminate the creation of air pockets with this approach. And in the listed difficult areas, where the waterproofing will definitely experience the greatest stresses, the material may simply break through over time.
	So, they start with strengthening, and, in particular, with the transition from concrete preparation to the sole of the foundation.
	A fragment is cut out in such a way that its length does not exceed 1000 mm, and at least 100 mm of deposited material is found on each of the planes of the reinforced section. The overlap of adjacent amplification bands of the same level is at least 100 mm. By the way, this rule is observed in all areas of amplification.
	The cut fragment is rolled up and applied to the intended area. Welding begins with a transitional fillet.
	Then the upper section is welded onto the vertical wall.
	After that - the bottom one, for which it is carefully tucked up and raised with a hook.
	The glued fragment must be rolled over its entire area with a manual silicone roller to ensure its snug fit to the surface, without air cavities.
	A kind of "indicator" of the quality of the sticker will be a roll of molten bitumen that has protruded around the entire perimeter.
	The next section of reinforcement is the transition from the vertical wall of the sole to its horizontal part.
	The rules are the same here, the fusion technology also has no features
	The next reinforcement belt is in the transition zone from the sole to the foundation wall, through the transition fillet.
	The order of work and the rules are exactly the same as on the reinforcement belt during the transition from concrete preparation to the sole.
	All horizontal reinforcement bands are not brought to the outer or inner corners by about one standard strip, since they must lie on top of the corner reinforcement. Go to the outer vertical corners. They are reinforced with several fragments. To begin with, a “heel” is cut out, which is cut from above and below, as shown in the illustration.
	After fusing and smoothing, it will look something like this.
	Next, a strip is cut out that will completely cover the vertical junction of the two planes. An allowance of 100 mm is made at the top and bottom, which is cut in the center.
	First, a vertical section is welded, on both sides of the corner.
	Then the lower “petals” are glued, which will diverge to the sides ...
	... and then the top ones - on the contrary, they will lie superimposed one on top of the other.
	As a result, after welding, this section of reinforcement will look something like this.
	A similar operation is carried out on the outer corner at the transition site from the sole to the vertical wall of the foundation. The difference can only be that the upper edge sometimes does not start on the horizontal surface of the tape, but breaks off at the planned height.
	After the missing bands of horizontal gain levels are laid here, the outer corner will take on a finished look.
	Now the problem of internal corners. To begin with, such a heel fragment is cut out, which will be welded in the fillet area with a transition to a horizontal surface.
	The same fragment - after welding into place.
	Then a fragment is cut out that will cover the vertical part of the corner. From below, a “nose” corner is cut out on it, which is cut in two, and the top should be about 100 mm above the transition level to the horizontal surface.
	First, this fragment is welded and rolled on a vertical surface, alternately on both planes converging at the corner.
	Then the lower part is carefully glued, with the mutual overlap of the cut corners.
	After that, the protruding edge along the line of the corner is cut in two. The resulting "wings" are welded onto a horizontal surface.
	The gap remaining between them is covered with a patch - "heel".
	After welding, the top of the reinforced inner corner will look like this ...
	... and the lower end of the node - like this. In the same way, the reinforcement of the inner corner is carried out in the transition area from the sole to the foundation wall. Again, the difference is that the waterproofing layer may not reach the very top of the foundation tape.
	They proceed to the fusing of the main areas of waterproofing. At the same time, they start from below, so that the first fragment begins at the concrete preparation and ends on the horizontal plane of the sole, along the line of the transitional fillet.
	Welding starts from the bottom line of the foundation slab and leads upwards.
	After that, the remaining lower section on the concrete preparation is lifted with a hook - and it is welded. As a result, such a “picture” should turn out. Work continues in the same order along the entire perimeter of the foundation, providing an edge overlap of 100 mm. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the gap between the seams of the reinforcement and waterproofing belts is at least 300 mm.
	For joining at external corners, the sheets are cut along the line of the corner, and from below - diagonally.
	The outer corner after the first layer of waterproofing has been applied.
	In the inner corner, a diagonal cut is also made from the bottom.
	Internal corner after joining two sheets of waterproofing.
	The remaining gap between the canvases is closed with a built-up patch, which is kept in the recommended sizes.
	After the installation of the lower belt of vertical waterproofing is completed, the material is deposited on the main surface of the foundation walls. Fragments are cut to the desired length, but taking into account the rule - when manually feeding the roll, its length should not exceed two meters. With mechanized feeding - whole rolls can be used.
	The lower edge of the web must overlap the edge of the mounted lower tier by 150 mm, and the offset of the vertical joints must be at least 300 mm.
	First, the roll is welded from the fillet up ...
	... and then the remaining lower part of it is welded.
	If there is a need to use several fragments in one vertical row, then the end overlap should be at least 150 mm.
	When surfacing an adjacent vertical row, the rule is taken into account that the spacing of the end overlaps on the vertical surface cannot be less than 500 mm.
	The work is carried out in the same way until the foundation walls are completely covered to the top, with the possible entry into the horizontal plane of the tape and its overlap, or to a given level. At the same time, it is taken into account that the upper edge of the waterproofing on the plinth cannot be lower than 300 ÷ 500 mm from the soil surface.
	If necessary, a second and even a third continuous layer of waterproofing is performed, again, starting from the surface of the concrete preparation. At the same time, they are guided by the rules already listed and a similar scheme - each subsequent layer overlaps the previous one with its edge. In addition, before the deposition of each successive layer, the external and internal corners are again reinforced - according to the principle shown above.
	In the event that the installed waterproofing ends on the surface of the plinth, its edge must be additionally fixed and sealed. To do this, the edge is pressed against the surface of the base with a special profile rail using dowels.
	Between neighboring rivers, a deformation gap of the order of 5 ÷ 10 mm is necessarily left.
	The same clearance must be observed at any corners. The dowel installation step is 100 mm between the first and second from the corner or edge of the rail, and then 200 mm. In this case, the extreme dowel should be located no closer than 30 ÷ 50 mm from the corner.
	The top of the profile clamping rail has an edge bent outwards. This gap is tightly filled with a special polyurethane sealant "TechnoNIKOL No. 70".
	The sealant is applied in a continuous strip, including in the areas of rupture of the pressure rail. On this, the vertical waterproofing of the foundation with rolled materials can be considered, in principle, completed.
	But the waterproofing layer still needs protection from mechanical damage during backfilling. If the foundation is not supposed to be insulated, then effective protection can be performed using a special profiled membrane of the PLANTER standard type. By the way, it will also become one additional barrier against moisture penetration.
	The surface of the outer walls of the foundation is covered with a membrane, placing it with spikes to the wall and fixing it from above with the help of dowels with wide caps. Important - any mechanical fasteners with drilling holes in the wall are allowed only above the ground level line, since it is strictly forbidden to break the waterproofing below.
	Additionally, it is convenient to fix the membrane in height with special fasteners, which have a leg with a self-adhesive base and are perfectly held on the waterproofing surface.
	These retainers then simply pierce the membrane, holding it in position.
	Rules for installing and joining membrane sheets: - Its upper edge should be approximately 300 mm above the welded waterproofing.
	- Overlap of adjacent canvases - at least four spikes.
	- Both external and internal corners must be closed with continuous strips, so that each side has at least 1000 mm of width.
	- The joints of the membranes, in order to prevent soil from getting into them during backfilling, are glued with strips of sealant tape. Sticking is carried out from top to bottom, gradually removing the substrate covering the adhesive layer.
	- And, finally, it is advisable to fix the upper edge of the profile membrane with a special clamping profile. The rules for its installation are similar to those discussed above for the profile that fixes the waterproofing.
	After that, you can safely proceed to backfilling, carrying out a thorough layer-by-layer tamping of the soil.

In the same case, if the foundation requires insulation (and this event is always highly recommended!), The role of protecting the waterproofing from mechanical damage will be taken over by a layer of extruded polystyrene foam. But this is already a topic for separate consideration.

Insulation of the foundation is the key to both its durability and comfort in the house!

It would seem an unnecessary exercise - after all, the foundation does not directly contact the living quarters. However, the importance of quality is extremely high! More about this in a special publication of our portal.

At the end of the publication - a video about waterproofing the foundation with rolled materials, which can also be of help in the independent implementation of this stage of building a house.

Video: foundation waterproofing with TechnoNIKOL roll materials - video instruction

Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation is carried out exclusively at the stage of building a house. If the load-bearing structures of the walls are not protected from moisture penetration in time, then over time the porous material of the walls will be gradually saturated with water, and cracks and delaminations will appear on the surface of the walls and ceilings. Destructive processes will progress, and the gradual destruction of the house will begin. That is why it is so important to correctly and timely perform the waterproofing of the foundation walls.

Types of horizontal insulation

In construction, the isolation of foundations from water ingress is carried out by the following methods:

• With the help of laying rolled roofing materials.
• Coatings with impregnating compositions.
• Injections with special water-repellent emulsions and solutions.

Roofing waterproofing material is laid directly on the upper horizontal plane of the foundation before the walls are erected.

Sometimes you can hear the opinion that penetrating and injecting horizontal waterproofing of foundations can be done even during the operation of the house. If, for some reason, horizontal insulation was not performed at the construction stage, then, as a way out of this situation, it is allowed to treat the horizontal surface of the foundation with penetrating compounds or make an injection waterproofing treatment.

To perform such processes, much more time and labor will be required, so it is best to waterproof the foundation walls immediately in the process of building a house.

Laying roll materials for waterproofing foundations

The main materials for the device of a waterproofing coating are rolled materials with a bitumen and or polymer base with increased mechanical strength. Rolled materials are fixed directly on the upper edge of the foundation. Horizontal waterproofing of foundations is carried out on a flat horizontal surface of the basement part of the foundation.

To achieve a flat and smooth surface, a leveling cement-sand screed is made along the upper edge of the foundation. It is best to iron the surface of the screed with dry cement and in this case an additional element of moisture protection of the foundation will be created.

Materials for horizontal waterproofing of foundations

Technologies for performing a device for isolating the foundation from moisture penetration involve the use of various materials. The most commonly used roll insulating materials, such as:

• Ruberoid. Refers to the most popular and affordable type of building materials, as well as its variety - built-up euroroofing material, which successfully combines ease of use and reasonable price.
• Hydroisol. The welded sheet material is an analogue of roofing material, with a base made of fiberglass or special fabric impregnated with bituminous compounds.
• Gidrostekloizol. Welded material based on fiberglass with increased moisture resistance.
• Construction parchment. The material for the manufacture is construction cardboard impregnated with soft petroleum bitumen.
• Technoelast. Roll material with a protective coating against the formation of fungus and mold.

Any suitable roll materials with suitable characteristics can be used to organize the moisture protection of foundations.

Instructions for performing horizontal insulation with roll materials

The technology for the production of works for the implementation of gluing waterproofing consists in a phased implementation:

1. The prepared foundation surface is coated with a special primer based on bituminous resins or water-based, called a primer.
2. After the primer is completely absorbed, bituminous or polymer mastic is applied layer by layer on a horizontal surface with a brush - maklovitsa, trying to carefully process the outer and outer corner outlines of the foundation configuration.
3. If roofing material or similar materials are used as an insulator, it is not necessary to dry the bituminous mastic and the first layer of roofing material is laid directly on the applied mastic coating. In the case of using welded roofing materials such as euroroofing material, it is necessary to preheat the lower adhesive layer and fix it on the mastic, trying to gently smooth it with a roller to remove voids and air bubbles.
4. For better protection of the walls from the foundation, it is recommended to lay the rolled waterproofing in two or three layers. It should be noted that the width of the insulating coating must completely cover the entire horizontal plane of the foundation, including the finishing coating and even the internal plaster.
5. When building a house with basements, horizontal insulation is arranged under the base or sole of the foundation structure, and horizontal waterproofing of the basement is also done.

According to existing building codes and regulations (SNiP), waterproof roll insulation must be carried out with complete sealing of seams, joints and gaps.

Horizontal impregnating insulation

The creation of horizontal waterproofing by applying impregnating cement compositions with chemically active compounds is an inexpensive and effective way to create a protective waterproof coating. When applied to a concrete surface, concrete crystallizes and a hard surface layer is formed with increased resistance to erosion and aggressive external environment.

Instructions for creating penetrating insulation

Apply penetrating horizontal waterproofing compounds in the following order:

1. The upper horizontal surface of the foundation is thoroughly cleaned of dust and dirt stains, rust, paint residues are removed and degreased with hydrochloric acid solution. Rusty fittings must be cleaned to a metallic sheen and coated with an anti-corrosion compound. The prepared top should have a smooth and firm open-pore surface.
2. Typically, penetrating compounds are sold in the form of dry cement mixtures with fillers - modifiers, which are diluted directly on the construction site with water in the right proportion and according to the instructions.
3. The prepared horizontal surface is abundantly moistened with water with flat brushes until saturation.
4. The prepared penetrating solution is applied to the surface with wide steel spatulas and carefully leveled. Usually the applied mixture is left for several days to dry. Naturally, in case of rainy weather, the applied layer is covered from rain drops with a PVC film.

Recently, special two-component polymer solutions with improved waterproof performance have appeared on the modern market of building waterproofing materials. Possessing low viscosity, polymer mixtures penetrate deep into the body of concrete, fill its capillaries and, after applying the hardener, create a reliable waterproof layer.

The application of penetrating mixtures significantly increases the water resistance of concrete foundations, which makes them popular and expedient materials for new construction, repair and reconstruction of houses and structures.

Injection moisture protection of the foundation

The injection method of creating a horizontal foundation waterproofing consists in saturating and filling the porous base material with special compounds through drilled holes. Injection solutions penetrate into the body of the foundation at a distance of up to 50 cm and, in contact with moisture in the pores of concrete, swell and reliably close the capillaries of the concrete structure and prevent moisture from penetrating. This type of foundation moisture protection is often used when carrying out repair work on the supporting foundation of a building.

Instructions for creating injection insulation of the foundation

Foundation injections with special emulsions and solutions are performed in stages:

1. The foundation walls are cleaned of dirt and remnants of the previous waterproofing. Mark the required number of boreholes (holes) to create a continuous continuous waterproof layer of the foundation.
2. Holes for injection at a slight angle are drilled to a depth equal to the width of the foundation. Special nozzles are installed in the drilled holes, which are called "parkers". Through them, the supply and uniform distribution of a complex composite emulsion or mixture is carried out.
3. Low-pressure pumps up to 0.4 MPa supply a special mixture of low-viscosity polymer gel with a hardener into the body of the concrete foundation structure.
4. The supply of mixtures is continued until the drilled hole is completely filled, after which the parkers are removed, and the outer holes are sealed with cement mortar.

The polymer composition hardens and swells upon contact with concrete moisture, forming an absolute waterproof coating.

An example of a horizontal foundation waterproofing device:

To create a horizontal waterproofing of the foundation, you can choose any insulating material and how it is laid. The main thing is the consistent observance of the technology of the insulating coating device and, of course, the conditions and expediency of using the chosen method..

The foundation is the part of the building that undergoes the greatest stress. The durability of the building depends on the reliability of this component of any structure. When destructive processes begin, this causes the deformation of the remaining elements. Therefore, increased requirements are imposed on the waterproofing of the base. This is true for private houses, since almost every owner of such a building uses a basement or basement.

Such work should be carried out comprehensively, protecting the entire structure from moisture. Water affects the foundation in different ways, often negative factors are activated simultaneously. It can be:

• precipitation;
• The groundwater;
• flooding of rivers;
• snow melting.

Some believe that in some cases the waterproofing of the foundation may not be carried out. This belief is short-sighted, since the house is built for decades, and after a while construction may begin nearby, which will lead to ground movements that affect the location of underground water layers. Even if a highway is laid nearby, it can have an impact.

There are many other reasons that could lead to a change in the configuration and level of water in the soil. During the year, the depth of the water will change, the climate is also not stable. If you are still undecided about whether to waterproof the basement of your house, then keep in mind that repairing the foundation will cost significantly more compared to building a house box. Before starting work, you should familiarize yourself with the main types of waterproofing material, as well as their characteristics.

Horizontal insulation

If we are talking about a monolithic strip foundation, then horizontal waterproofing must be placed in two places, namely in the basement, at the junction of the wall with the foundation, and also at or below 20 cm of the basement floor level. This technology can be implemented only at the stage of building a house.

Before starting manipulations, greasy clay is poured into the bottom of the pit, the layer thickness of which is 30 cm, it should be well tamped, and a 7-cm layer of concrete should be poured on top. It is necessary for the arrangement of waterproofing. Before laying, the mortar must dry and settle for 15 days. Further, its surface is coated over the entire area, and a layer of roofing material is laid on its surface.

The next step will be surface treatment with mastic and laying another layer of roofing material. From above, a 7-centimeter layer of concrete should be poured, which is leveled and ironed.

Horizontal waterproofing must necessarily be provided, since this stage refers to measures that provide waterproofing. After 3 hours, a 2-centimeter layer of cement should be poured on top of the concrete, which is sifted through a sieve. The surface is leveled, after a while the cement should get wet from the moisture contained in the solution. With the resulting base, you should proceed according to the same technology that is used in the arrangement of a conventional screed. From time to time, its surface is moistened with water until the concrete reaches its design strength and dries.

For reference

All of the above materials for waterproofing the foundation will become an effective protection for the base, which, after drying, must be covered with bituminous mastic, laying roofing felt or any other similar material on top. This procedure must be repeated twice in order to form two layers. The edges of the material that hang from the base should not be cut, they are wound down and pressed in the form of a vertical waterproofing.

Vertical isolation

When choosing materials for foundation waterproofing, you should first of all think about what technology you will use. If we are talking about vertical waterproofing, then bituminous materials can be used. In this case, the master will have to resort to the coating method using bituminous resin. Most often it is purchased in bars. To carry out work, it is necessary to prepare a large container into which 30% of used oil is poured. 70% bitumen should be added to it.

The container is heated, for which it blows under it to make a fire or install a barrel on a gas stove. Once a liquid mixture is formed inside, vertical waterproofing can be carried out, which involves applying the composition to the surface. The latter must first be leveled. It is necessary to use a brush or roller during the work, with the help of one of which bitumen is applied to the surface. In this case, you should try to miss all the joints and corners. It is necessary to start from the sole of the base, ending the manipulations 20 cm above the ground. It will be necessary to form about three layers of bitumen so that the total thickness of the material is approximately 5 cm.

The nuances of bituminous waterproofing

Bitumen waterproofing of the foundation is carried out only with the use of a hot composition, so you need to make sure that the mixture does not freeze. After standing for 5 years, the surface will begin to crack and collapse, this will cause water to penetrate into the concrete. To extend the service life, it is necessary to use bitumen-polymer mastics, which almost do not have the disadvantages of pure bitumen, since they are durable. On the building materials market, you can find cold and hot applied mastics, as well as polymer solutions, the latter of which may have a liquid or rigid consistency. It is necessary to apply such materials for waterproofing the foundation, following the instructions, which may involve the use of a sprayer, spatula or roller.

Roll materials

Roll materials can be used as a separate layer of waterproofing or in tandem with coating compositions. Roofing felt is considered a popular and cheap material for gluing insulation, it is fixed on the surface of the foundation, which is pre-treated with mastic or bituminous primer. At the next stage, the roofing material is heated by a burner and strengthened to a vertical surface with an overlap of 20 cm.

This technology is called fused. There is a technique that provides for fixing the roofing material with the help of the above, the resulting layer must be covered with bituminous mastic and another layer of roofing material should be laid.

Recommendations of a specialist for waterproofing with a pasting method

If you decide to use rolled materials for waterproofing the foundation, then before fusing the roofing material, the edges should be turned down and the rolled materials being welded must be strengthened. Instead of roofing material, it is permissible to use modern materials such as Stekloizol or Technoelast. Polyester is used as their polymer base, which improves the quality of elasticity and wear resistance. Despite the fact that the price is higher compared to roofing felt, these materials are recommended by experts for foundation insulation. With their help, however, it will not be possible to ensure the strength of the coating without the additional use of mastic, since they do not have the ability to penetrate into the pores.

plaster insulation

This method is quite simple and performs the function of waterproofing the base, leveling the surface. It is necessary to add hydro-resistant components to the ingredients of the plaster mixture, which, after mixing, are applied with a spatula. In order to ensure that the composition is held on the foundation, the putty mesh should be strengthened to it with dowels.

Plaster waterproofing has the advantages of low cost and high speed of work. However, there are also disadvantages, expressed in low water resistance, fragility and the possibility of cracks.

For reference

Recently, polymer concretes have become increasingly popular, the use of which is common in modern construction. They are a modern kind of concrete mixture, in the manufacture of which a polymer is used instead of cement or silicate. Initially, the material is in the form of a viscous liquid called synthetic resin. When forming a polymer concrete foundation, a structure is obtained that is resistant to moisture and provides for the creation of the simplest waterproofing system.

The choice of waterproofing by manufacturer

"Isoplast", the price of which is 150 rubles. per square meter, is a durable, reliable and high-quality material that is used for waterproofing the foundations of buildings for various purposes. It is made on two bases: fiberglass and polyester, and slate dressing is used as a protective top layer.

Laying of this material is carried out on a pre-prepared base by welding. This will require a gas burner. Gluing can also be carried out on bituminous mastic. "Isoplast", the price of which depends on the variety and can reach 180 rubles. per square meter, retains heat resistance at a temperature of +120 ° for 2 hours.

Characteristics of "Technoelast"

"Technoelast TechnoNIKOL" is another type of waterproofing for the foundation. It represents increased reliability. It can be used at constant groundwater pressure and low temperatures. According to the manufacturer, Technoelast TechnoNIKOL can be used in conditions that are unlikely to be able to withstand other materials. This insulation is made by applying a bitumen-polymer binder to a polyester or fiberglass base. Laying "Technoelast" is carried out using

Conclusion

Mastic "Aquaizol" can be used by you as foundation insulation. It is a bituminous composition, which is consumed in the amount of 0.45 kg / m 2. It suggests the need for a manual method of applying a cold composition. The thickness of the formed layer should be 10 mm.