Pine tree. Italian pine, or pine: description, cultivation features and reviews. How to use pine nuts in the kitchen

Pine nut is nothing more than the seeds of the corresponding variety of pine tree. Pine pine grows on the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, from Spain to Cyprus, as well as the southern coast of the Black Sea. Its nuts belong to a broader group - pinioli, that is, the seeds of various types of pine trees.

In addition to South European, plant products of Russian, Chinese and Korean origin are also popular. Asian nuts are extracted from other types of wood, such as Korean pine or Siberian cedar. But let's get back to pine.

Gourmets from all over the world enjoy both the taste and smell of these small, slightly oblong nuts. They have a very characteristic pine, slightly resinous smell, and a sweet and sour taste, which perfectly enriches various dishes. But taste is not the only thing pine nuts have to offer. They are valuable, first of all, for their nutritional properties.

Pine nuts: nutritional and medicinal properties

— Just like other nuts, pine is dominated by fats: they account for more than 68% of the composition.

- Such gifts of nature are a very good source of B vitamins, including thiamine, riboflavin and niacin. Thiamine, that is, vitamin B1, takes part in carbohydrate metabolism, riboflavin, that is, vitamin B2, stimulates the functioning of the respiratory tract. Niacin - vitamin B3 - cares for the condition of skin, hair and nails. In addition, it is involved in the creation of new red blood cells.

— Pine nuts are a good source of folate, which is very important for pregnant women. This substance is responsible for the proper functioning of cells and organs, in particular the liver, and in addition, takes part in the formation of the nervous system and brain.

— In nuts you can find a lot of vitamin B5 and vitamin B6, which is called “pyridoxine.” Both are related to the proper functioning of the nervous system. In addition, the first substance is responsible for the regulation of proteins and fats in the body, and the second affects blood pressure and heart function.

— Pine seeds are a real storehouse of vitamin E, which is also called the vitamin of youth. It is he who is responsible for the fight against free radicals - harmful substances that destroy our body. In addition, vitamin E strengthens the walls of blood vessels and protects red blood cells from premature breakdown.

— These gifts of nature are very rich in minerals: phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper and manganese:

• Phosphorus is a chemical element that is primarily involved in the construction of bones and teeth, as well as nucleic acids.
• Magnesium is a mineral that affects the activity of more than 300 enzymes and thus has a multifaceted effect, in particular, reduces the excitability of cells of the nervous system, strengthens the immune system, builds bones, etc.
• Zinc influences all fundamental life processes. In particular, it takes part in bone mineralization, wound healing, strengthens hair and nails, affects the functioning of the immune system, and the proper secretion of insulin by the pancreas.
• If we talk about copper and manganese, then pine nuts are a real treasure trove. 100 grams of such nuts satisfy the daily requirement for copper by more than 140%, and for manganese by 480%! Copper takes part in the transport of oxygen into cells and protects against the effects of free radicals. And manganese takes care of the health of bones and the nervous system. Interestingly, this substance increases libido and improves sexual activity.

— Pine nuts are a good source of potassium, an element that takes part in carbohydrate metabolism and regulates the body’s water balance.

“They also contain lutein, which protects vision from the harmful effects of sunlight and prevents damage to the macula, that is, the area of ​​the retina responsible for central vision.

How to use pine nuts in the kitchen?

Such nuts became famous thanks to. This is a type of green sauce made with basil, parmesan, olive oil, salt and pine seeds. Pesto is often used as a pasta sauce, but it also works well as a spread for bread or cheese.

However, pine nuts have much wider uses. They are ideal for poultry, adding amazing variety to the taste of boiled chicken. They are suitable for use in casseroles and a variety of baked goods; they can be found in pies, sweets, chocolate and desserts. So, they work very well in meringues (for example, in the form of a decoration that you can eat), you can add them to cupcakes.

A popular oil is produced from pine seeds. It has an antiseptic, warming and expectorant effect, has a nutty aroma and is suitable for cold consumption.

In addition to providing the body with nutrients, the fruits of this type of pine are able to adequately perform decorative functions. The only disadvantage of nuts is their high price.

Italian pine, also known as Pinia, is rightfully considered one of the most beautiful plants from the Pine family. During the fruiting period, cones grow on branches with small needles in clusters of several pieces, inside of which there are tasty nuts. It takes at least three years for the cone to fully ripen, and by mid-autumn the nuts are completely ready for consumption, and in early spring they fall out of the cones on their own. That is why the nut collection period begins no earlier than the end of October - beginning of November.

Pine nuts have an oval, slightly oblong shape, the shell is dark brown interspersed with lighter spots. The size of pine nuts on average does not exceed 1.7 cm. Unlike pine nuts, the shell of pine nuts is stronger, therefore, for shelling, a manual nut cracker is usually used, which is replaced on an industrial scale by a special conveyor with adjacent rollers.

The taste of the nuts is quite delicate and pleasant with a slight aftertaste of resin, generally reminiscent of nuts from Siberian pine cones. It is worth noting that pine nuts are considered the largest fruits of pine trees that can be eaten. The yield of pine is quite high; per hectare of mature plantings you can get from 3 to 8 tons of nuts per year. It has been proven that the life cycle of Italian pine can last over five hundred years and during all this time cones and nuts are constantly ripening on the tree.

Under natural conditions, pine can be found throughout the Mediterranean, in addition to Asia Minor and the Iberian Peninsula. Italian pine is actively cultivated in the Crimea, the Caucasus and other places. The main suppliers of pine nuts around the world today are Italy, Spain, Turkey, Tunisia and Portugal.

When buying pine nuts, you should give preference to unpeeled seeds, since their shelf life without changing their beneficial properties is quite long. Whereas shelled nuts lose their original taste and consumer characteristics after just a couple of weeks. The fact is that the fats included in their composition begin to actively oxidize and the nuts become bitter and unpleasant to the taste. In addition, pine kernels are known for their ability to absorb extraneous odors, which are not always pleasant. To somewhat extend the freshness of peeled nuts, it is recommended to store them in the freezer.

Pine nuts are popular all over the world, but are especially actively used in the culinary traditions of France and Italy. Whole or chopped kernels are usually added to salads, pastries and classic sauces. Finely ground pine nuts are considered an excellent seasoning for marinating and cooking red meat.

Useful properties and composition

Tasty and satisfying pine nuts have a lot of beneficial properties, which is due to their rich vitamin and mineral composition. Italian pine kernels have a positive effect on the digestive system, and their regular use is recommended for the healing of gastric ulcers.

Properties for soft regeneration of tissues and mucous membranes make it possible to use crushed pine nuts for superficial wounds. A small handful of pine nuts every day perfectly relieves chronic fatigue syndrome caused by regular mental stress, helps with skin diseases, heart disease, allergies and perfectly improves immunity.

These nuts are the seeds obtained from the Italian pine tree.

They are located in cones growing on a tree. As a rule, cones are located on the branches in clusters. One brush can include from 1 to 3 cones. The ripening of cones occurs only in the third year after their appearance, and in mid-autumn.

With the onset of spring, the seeds begin to fall out. The optimal time for harvesting is the end of October or the beginning of November, depending on the region.

The seeds are characterized by an oblong shape and oval outline. Their color is dark brown, but there are small spots of light color. The shell is more durable when compared to pine nuts. Therefore, pine trees are processed (peeled) with hand nut crackers or industrial rollers. The side of the nut has about three sides. A ripe seed is about 1.5 centimeters long. The taste is delicate with notes of resin, similar to the nuts of Siberian pine trees.

It is worth noting that pine seeds are the largest known seeds in the pine family. Only edible nuts are taken into account.

Another distinctive feature is its excellent yield. From 1 hectare of forest of mature trees you can collect from 3 to 8 tons of seeds. The life cycle of Italian pine is over 500 years. Every year there is a harvest.

Where does it grow

On the Mediterranean coast, in Asia Minor, as well as on the Iberian Peninsula, you can often find wild pine. And the tree is cultivated in the Crimea and the Caucasus.

The world leaders in the cultivation and export of these nuts are Italians, Turks, Spaniards, Portuguese and Tunisians.

How to choose and where to store

If you decide to purchase pine seeds, then look exclusively for unshelled nuts. This is due to the fact that in this state they can be stored much longer than in their purified form. At the same time, the beneficial properties are preserved.

If the shell is removed, after about 15 days the seeds will lose their taste and the beneficial properties will become much less. This phenomenon is associated with the oxidation of fats that make up the nut. As a result, the seeds become bitter and tasteless.

Do not forget about another important property of pine nuts - they absorb foreign odors. But if you bought peeled seeds, you can prolong their freshness at home. To do this, place them in the freezer.

Nutritional value and calorie content

As studies of pine have shown, its nuts are not only tasty and aromatic, but also have components beneficial to humans.

Per 100 grams of product there are:

There is also a component such as ash weighing 2.4 grams.

Chemical composition

As for chemical elements, pine nuts are rich in vitamins and microelements, such as:

• Vitamins: B, E, C.
• Phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, potassium, manganese, iron.

Beneficial and healing characteristics

In fact, all the beneficial properties of pine have not been fully studied. But today we can identify a lot of ways to use Italian pine nuts to benefit people and their health.

Harm and contraindications

Of course, you need to take advantage of some foods wisely. In addition, do not forget that each organism is special, which means it can react differently to certain components.

As for pine, its nuts have certain contraindications:

• They should not be used if there is an individual intolerance;
• Not recommended for obesity;
• They should not be given to small children (due to the risk of small nuts blocking the airways);
• If consumed excessively, hearing may be impaired (nut components cause irritation of the mucous membranes and receptors). But after a few days it goes away on its own.

So be careful and benefit the right way.

Oil

The oil obtained from these nuts comes in different varieties. Depending on this, it is used as technical or edible oil.

Thus, refined edible oil is characterized by a light yellow tint and a pleasant taste. There is practically no smell.

As for the technical stuff, it is added to the composition of paints and varnishes.

If we talk about essential oils, which are also obtained from the seeds of Italian pine, then their properties are similar to the essential oils of other conifers. This tells us that it has an antiseptic, bactericidal, deodorizing effect.

Application

In cooking

Despite the fairly wide distribution of these nuts throughout the world, they have found the most active use from a culinary point of view in France, as well as in Italy.

The kernels are crushed or added whole to salads. A variety of baked goods, cookies, and confectionery products with the addition of seeds are also very popular.

The nuts are also finely ground, which makes it possible to obtain one of the best seasonings for marinating meat. Use only for red meat.

We bring to your attention a couple of recipes that are incredibly popular among the French and Italians. Try making these dishes at home. You will certainly pleasantly surprise your guests and household members.

Pumpkin in Italian

To prepare it, you will need the following set of ingredients:

• Pumpkin - 0.8 kg;
• Beef - 0.5 kg;
• Carrots - 0.2 kg;
• Red onion - 1 piece;
• Pork - 0.5 kg;
• Cherry - 0.2 kg;
• Butter - 0.1 kg;
• Arugula - 0.1 kg;
• Pine - 0.1 kg;
• Sauerkraut - 0.3 kg;
• Paprika pepper - 1 piece;
• Seasonings to taste.

Preparation

Cut the pumpkin fruit and remove the contents. Cut the meat into small pieces and fry. Coarsely chop the onion and place it in the pan with the meat. Coarsely chop carrots and throw them into the meat. Simmer the ingredients for about 10 minutes. Mix the meat with cabbage, cherry tomatoes and sweet peppers, do not forget to add butter at this stage. Mix the ingredients and place in the peeled pumpkin. Cover it with foil and place in the oven for 60-90 minutes. The temperature should be about 180 degrees. Eat!

By the way, it is not necessary to use carrots, since the taste of the pumpkin itself perfectly compensates for it.

Salmon with cheese and vegetables

If you are a fan of red fish, then this recipe is definitely for you. Tasty, tender, healthy.

To prepare you will need the following set of ingredients:

• Eggplants - 0.6 kg;
• Carrots - 0.6 kg;
• Zucchini - 0.6 kg;
• Root celery - 80 grams;
• Fresh basil - 50 grams;
• Thyme - 20 grams;
• Breadcrumbs;
• Parmesan - 0.16 kg;
• Ground hot pepper, salt - to taste;
• Butter - 80 grams;
• Olive oil - 240 ml;
• Salmon - 1 kg;
• Pine nuts 60 grams.

Preparation

• Make thick slices of fish fillet, or you can cut it however you like. Fry it in olive oil;
• Mix butter with breadcrumbs in one container, add grated cheese;
• Brush the fried fish in the mixture;
• Place the fish in the oven, preheated to 160 degrees. Bake until fish is golden brown;
• Make the sauce. To do this, take 100 milliliters of olive oil, finely chopped basil, nuts, hot pepper and salt to your personal taste. Mix (you can use a blender);
• Cut all the vegetables into strips or cubes, fry in oil (for a richer taste, squeeze a couple of cloves of garlic into the oil, add thyme and your favorite spices to taste);
• Serve and serve.

The recipes, as you can see, are quite simple. At the same time, the dishes turn out incredibly tasty, light and healthy. You should definitely try them.

In medicine

Since they contain an impressive amount of vitamins, microelements, and proteins, this makes nuts extremely useful in the treatment of anemia and vitamin deficiency. They also help improve the tone of the whole body and promote recovery from injuries and illnesses.

• When coughing, take mint (150 grams), pineoli (pine seeds) and nettle seeds - 30 grams each. Pour in 100 milliliters of linseed oil and also add hot pepper. Mix with honey and consume in small portions.
• If potency weakens, you can mix pineoli, almonds and honey, and consume this mixture for three days in a row before bed. This will allow you to be at your best in bed on the fourth night. This recipe was developed by the ancient Greeks.
• The Arabs have their own recipe that works on men in a similar way. Their healers advise eating 100 pine seeds and 12 almonds every evening for three days. By the fourth night you will be in great shape.

Growing

Having at least one Italian pine tree on your property is not only useful, but also very beautiful. Any beginning gardener can grow it. This is because the plant is unpretentious and does not require special care.

Please note that young seedlings often become infected with all sorts of diseases. This is fine.

Prepare more seedlings, since only the strongest seedlings will ultimately allow the tree to grow.

Place the boxes in the sun and water regularly, especially during drought. Don’t forget about weeding and using ready-made fertilizers.

After about six months, the stem can reach 7-10 centimeters. In winter they are left in a box, but not stored in greenhouse conditions. This will allow you to adapt to the cold.

With the onset of spring, you can transplant the seedlings into the ground (not to a permanent place). Be careful with the roots, don't damage them. Planting is carried out at a distance of 10-20 centimeters between seedlings. The planting is shallow, almost like in boxes. Sawdust sprinkled on the soil will help protect plants from weeds.

Periodically, do not forget to add fertilizer, water and weed. Such manipulations will have to be carried out for the first couple of years. Around the third year of life, the tree can grow to more than 0.5 meters. This indicates that it is time for the tree to move to its permanent place. Plant together with soil that has stuck to the roots.

The simplest care and periodic watering will allow you to grow a huge pine tree, the smell and appearance will be enjoyed by you, your children, grandchildren and many generations after them.

A few facts about bud ripening

• They ripen in the third year after their appearance on the tree;
• They are revealed only in the spring of the next year;
• The tree produces the most abundant harvest once every 3-4 years;
• One mature tree has an average of 45 cones;
• From one tree you can collect approximately 7-9 kilograms of nuts (seeds);
• Pine begins to bear fruit at the age of 12;
• The Italian name for the seeds is pineoli.

There are some pretty interesting facts that are associated with Italian pine.

• This tree has a very close relative in Siberia - the Siberian pine.
• Pinocchio was made from Italian pine.
• The composition, properties and appearance of seeds obtained from pine nuts are almost similar to pine nuts, but pine nuts are several times larger.
• In ancient Rome, these nuts were used as a powerful aphrodisiac.
• The seeds were cheap and were an analogue of sunflower seeds for our time.
• They were often found in ruins, amphorae, and on the territory of legionnaire camps in provinces where pine did not grow.
• The ancient Romans always took pineoli with them when going to battle. With their help, they restored strength and also satisfied their hunger.

Botanical name: Pinia pine or Italian pine (Pinus pinea). Representative of the genus, Pine family.

Homeland: Mediterranean.

Lighting: light-loving, but can grow in shaded areas.

The soil: It is not picky about soil; it grows well in fresh, loose, moderately moist soil.

Watering: moderate or rare.

Maximum tree height: 30 m.

Average life expectancy: 500 years.

Landing: seeds.

Pine is an evergreen coniferous tree, reaching 20 - 30 m in height. The trunk is straight, with dark red or grayish-brown, thick, rough, fissured bark. The wood is not resinous, light yellow or yellowish-red. The trunk diameter is 1 – 1.5 m. The crown is highly attached, dense, rounded, and with age it takes on an umbrella-shaped shape, which it retains until old age. Trees growing separately, in open areas, have a spreading spherical crown. The root system is branched, well developed, with a powerful tap root.

The needles are narrow, dense, dark green or gray, collected in bunches of 2, 8–12 cm long. They are replaced every 2–3 years. The buds are small, cylindrical, non-resinous, pointed, 0.5–1 cm long.

The cones are resinous, oval or round, shiny, light brown, arranged in 1 - 2 pieces. The length of the cone is 8 – 12 cm, width – 7 – 9 cm.

Seeds (nuts) are dark brown, elongated ovoid, slightly ribbed, 1.5 – 1.7 cm long, sometimes 2 cm or more, 0.9 cm wide. The nut shell is thick, durable, covered with a dark brown coloring pigment, which is easily washed off and stains hands when harvesting. Pine nuts are edible and are considered the largest among other types of pine trees. They are 2 times larger than Siberian pine seeds and 3-4 times larger than cedar seeds. The kernel is white, oily, with a barely noticeable resinous flavor and delicate texture.

Pine nuts (pineoli)

The nuts ripen in the 3rd year, but the cones do not open until the spring of the following year. Abundant harvests are observed every 3 to 4 years. One mature tree produces on average 40 – 45 cones. The seed yield is 7 – 9 kg.

The pine tree grows quite quickly and begins to bear fruit at the age of 12.

In Italy, the seeds of this plant are called "pineoli".

Distribution of the pine plant

The main distribution of the pine plant is the Mediterranean coast, where these trees have been grown since ancient times. Archaeologists have established that pine was cultivated at the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. e.

Today, this crop is grown in the western part of North Africa, South Africa, England, America, Japan, China, on the southern coast of Crimea, and in the Caucasus. The largest suppliers of seeds are Portugal, Italy, Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey.

The pine plant is light-loving, drought-resistant, and not demanding on soil. It can grow on calcareous and sandy soils, but prefers loose, fresh soils without excessive waterlogging. Withstands low temperatures down to -20°C and gusty winds. In harsh winters, the needles can be damaged.

Uses of the pine plant

Pine is valued for its decorativeness and “nut content”.

Another use of the pine plant is making bonsai, since this tree tolerates warm winters, and its flexible, strong branches bend very well, allowing you to create the desired shape.

Syn: pinia pine, Italian pine.

Pine is an evergreen coniferous tree of the genus Pine (lat. Pínus) with a beautiful umbrella-shaped crown. From the 1st millennium BC. to this day, this tree is cultivated both for use in cooking nutritious nuts and for the use of various parts of the tree in folk medicine.

Ask the experts a question

In medicine

Pinia is not used in official medicine and is not included in the State Register of Medicines of the Russian Federation.

Contraindications and side effects

The use of any parts of the plant internally or externally is contraindicated for children, pregnant and lactating women, and persons with individual intolerance. In addition, consuming pine nuts is not recommended for obese people.

In cooking

Pine nuts, which Italians call “pineoli,” have been used as food since ancient times. Even the ancient Romans took them with them when going to battle to satisfy their hunger and restore strength.

In appearance and composition, pineoli resemble pine nuts, and in taste they even surpass them. Pine nuts are especially popular in Italian and French cuisine, used to make pesto sauce and also added to salads and pastries. A delicious seasoning for marinating red meat is made from ground kernels. The oil obtained from these seeds is also used in cooking. It has practically no smell, but has a pleasant taste.

In gardening

The Etruscans began growing pine trees at the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. It was mainly planted along roads to create shade. The beautiful crown of the tree has contributed to its continued cultivation today; pine is grown in Africa, the USA, England, China, Japan, the Caucasus and Crimea.

Over time, this pine began to be used not only for decorating parks and bonsai art, but also for growing in private gardens. Gardeners order seeds of this exotic tree from Mediterranean countries.

Pinia loves light, tolerates drought well and is undemanding to the soil; it can even grow on limestone and sea sands. Another advantage is that the tree tolerates gusty winds and frosts down to -20 C°.

In other areas

Durable pine wood, containing a small amount of resin, is used to make parquet, furniture, window frames and stairs. Rosin is used for the protective coating of ship decks and hulls, and technical oil extracted from nuts is added to varnishes and paints. In ancient times, ink was made from the soot of pine wood and Arabian copper, and the nuts were considered a powerful aphrodisiac in Ancient Rome. As with any representative of the Pine genus, essential oil is obtained from pine.

Classification

Pinia is one of the many species of the genus Pine (lat. Pinus), the Pine family (lat. Pinaceae).

Botanical description

Pinia is an evergreen coniferous tree 20-30 m tall, with a dense dark green umbrella-shaped crown, with a round or semi-circular contour. The root system is well developed, branched, with a powerful tap root. The trunk of the tree is sparsely branched, curved, reddish-gray in maturity, reaching 1-1.5 m in diameter. The bark is thick, furrowed, highly flaky, the wood is grayish-yellowish or reddish, with a small amount of resin. Young shoots are bare, densely leafy, with scaly, jagged, sharply ovoid buds 6-12 mm long. The needles are narrow, dense, gray or dark green, 10-15 cm in length, collected in bunches of two. Changes every 2-3 years. The needles are pointed, serrated at the edges, sometimes slightly twisted. The cones are single or in clusters of 2-3, ovoid, resinous, shiny, light brown, on short stalks. They reach a length of 8-15 cm. The scale shields are slightly pyramidal and curved, thick, with radial ribs forming a longitudinal keel. The seeds ripen in October in the third year after flowering, but the cones open until the end only next spring, and then hang for another 2-3 years. The seeds are large, elongated, ribbed, 1.5-2 cm long. The shell is dark brown, thick, durable, with the rudiment of a wing on the thickened part. The kernel is white, oily. Pine nuts are edible and are the largest seeds in the Pinaceae family. From one hectare 3-8 tons of seeds are obtained, 1 kg contains about 1500 pieces.

Spreading

The natural habitat of pine trees is the Mediterranean countries, from Asia Minor to the Iberian Peninsula. The tree is occasionally found in Germany and other Central European countries. Pinia prefers mild climates and dry, loose soils.

Procurement of raw materials

Pine nuts are usually harvested in October-November. For long-term storage, they should be left in the shell, since due to fat oxidation, shelled nuts lose their taste and beneficial properties after two weeks. It is recommended to store unpeeled seeds in a tightly closed glass container in a cool, dry place, and peeled seeds in the freezer. In this case, it is necessary to exclude their contact with products that have a pronounced odor. The shelf life of pine nuts is up to 1 year.

Chemical composition

In addition to proteins, fats and carbohydrates, pine nuts are rich in vitamins B, C, E, K1, as well as phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, potassium, manganese, and iron. The oil of these seeds contains oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic acids.

Pharmacological properties

Despite the fact that pine is not included in the Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, scientists do not deny its beneficial properties. Pine nuts contain a large number of different vitamins and microelements that affect the functioning of the whole body. Thus, linoleic acid can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, folic acid helps the liver, and potassium is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and regulates water balance.
In addition, pine, like other representatives of the Pine family, saturates the air with phytoncides and ethereal vapors of pine needles, and the oils obtained from its nuts have not only a deodorizing, but also an antiseptic effect.

Use in folk medicine

The first information about the beneficial properties of pine nuts dates back to the beginning of the 1st century. AD The Persian scientist, doctor and philosopher, known in the West as Avicenna, argued that eating nuts boiled in red wine helps cleanse the lungs of pus, treat coughs and otitis media. Amirdovlat Amasiatsi, an Armenian scientist and doctor of the 15th century, also wrote about their benefits. He recommended using the seeds for nervous tremors, cough and asthma, burning during urination, and bladder ulcers. Amasiatsi claimed that rinsing with a decoction of shells relieves toothache, and a decoction of pine needles helps with liver and stomach diseases.

It is believed that eating nuts is beneficial for stomach ulcers, diseases of the intestines, liver, kidneys, and heart. They are also recommended to be eaten to enhance potency, relieve chronic fatigue, and improve immunity. Crushed nuts are used to heal ulcers, wounds and burns; for this, the powder is applied to the affected area of ​​the skin, and a gauze bandage is applied on top. An infusion of this powder is used for coughs, colds and for rinsing for gum diseases, and its steam is used for inhalation for bronchial diseases. Gum turpentine, obtained from pine, is used for rheumatism; for influenza and tuberculosis, it is used in steam baths or rubbed.

Historical reference

Pinia is one of the most popular plants in the world of art, Sandro Botticelli depicted it more than once on his canvases, composer Ottorino Respighi dedicated the symphonic poem “Pine of Rome” to it, images of the cones of this tree decorated the furniture of Mesopotamia, and a large bronze cone cast in the 9th century , stood in the Aachen Chapel. And it was from a log of pine that Pinocchio, the famous character from Carlo Collodi’s fairy tale, was made, named, in fact, in her honor.

Literature

1. Large encyclopedia in 62 volumes. Volume 36. "Terra". Moscow.

2. Klimenko Z.K. Exotic plants of the South Coast. - “Business-Inform”, 1999.

3. Chavchavadze, E. S., Yatsenko-Khmelevsky, A. A. Pine family (Pinaceae) // Plant life: in 6 volumes / ch. ed. Al. A. Fedorov. - M.: Education, 1978. - T. 4: Mosses. Moss mosses. Horsetails. Ferns. Gymnosperms / ed. I. V. Grushvitsky and S. G. Zhilin. - P. 350-374. - 447 p. - 300,000 copies.