Executive documentation. Architectural and construction design Stages of design and construction

Depending on the individual characteristics (complexity) of production facilities, design documentation for their construction can be developed in one or two stages. The stages and complexity category of the object are established by the customer and the design organization in the assignment for the development of project documentation.

Installed staging design depends depending on the category of complexity, social significance and territorial location of the object. In large In cities with historical buildings, the entire territory is conventionally divided into three zones for linking construction projects, and construction sites - into three categories architectural and constructive difficulties.

1. Objects in the territories city center and historical zones, in territories with industrial facilities, in environmentally unfavorable areas. According to the category of architectural and structural complexity, this zone includes large industrial buildings and structures with social infrastructure, etc.

2. Objects in the remaining built-up area. In terms of complexity, this zone includes objects of agro-industrial complexes.

3. Objects in new, sparsely built-up areas environmentally friendly areas of the city. According to the category of complexity, this zone includes tied standard and re-used projects of construction projects of insignificant volume and complexity.

Design in one stage includes a detailed design with a summary construction cost estimate and estimates. It performed for technically uncomplicated, small-scale facilities, the construction of which is carried out according to standard and re-used designs in new, sparsely populated and environmentally friendly territories. Then the design process is " binding» standard design to the actual conditions of the construction site.

Based on use There are individual, reusable and standard projects. Mass construction projects, as a rule, are built according to standard designs. The most successful individual ones are used as reusable projects.

Methodological basis standard design is unification space-planning parameters, thus, standard design is the basis and prerequisite for the industrialization of construction. Currently, more than 80% of all reinforced concrete structures are carried out according to standard designs, so almost any industrial building can be designed on the basis of standard building structures. In addition, during the construction of industrial enterprises, about 50% of the volume of construction and installation work falls on the construction of auxiliary buildings and structures (administrative buildings, warehouses, boiler rooms, transformer substations, workshops, etc.).

Standard project production facility is used in cases where identical enterprises are repeated many times in the practice of industrial construction, and the technology remains and will remain stable for a number of years. It is economically profitable to use standard designs for large volumes of construction, while the design time is reduced and the volume of technical documentation, cost and labor intensity of design work are reduced.

In two stages The design of large and technically complex objects (with complex technologies or unique designs), high-value objects, as well as industrial complexes is carried out. Design in two stages includes:

Project with a summary estimate of construction costs;

Working documentation with estimates.

For complex objects, several options on a competition basis.

In practice construction, often instead of a project (with a two-stage design), a feasibility study for construction is developed, and with a single-stage design, an approved part of the working documentation.

Sections of working projects (for one-stage design) and projects (for two-stage design) should be developed without unnecessary detail, with the expectation that when drawing up working documentation, the design organization will carry out additional studies that clarify the project materials.

Projects and work drafts are being developed first of all construction of an enterprise, if the duration of construction of the entire facility exceeds 2 years. Design subsequent queues are carried out simultaneously with the construction of the previous phase. As part of the documentation, each queue usually includes a definition launchers complexes, which, along with main-purpose facilities, require engineering communications, treatment facilities and other facilities related to environmental protection and ensuring complete recycling of production waste. At the same time, it is necessary to provide for their advanced construction and commissioning.

At two-stage design, the project being developed usually consists of the following sections:

1. General explanatory note. In it, along with the initial data, an assessment of the technical and economic level and optimality of the selected technological option and its placement, data on the design capacity of the facility, the range and quality of products, the following are given intelligence:

On energy needs, water and other resources, indicating indicators of their rational consumption per unit of production;

List of measures for land reclamation and use of fertile soil layer;

Data on the rational use of minerals, production waste, secondary energy resources;

General information about the envisaged measures (and their effectiveness) for environmental protection.

These materials developed in accordance with technological part project and strive to create waste-free technological scheme.

The explanatory note must include attached:

- situational a plan for the location of the enterprise indicating on it communications and utility networks, residential areas, designed structures and environmental protection devices;

- general scheme plan and external transport, highlighting facilities, communications and networks included in the corresponding construction phases and launch complexes.

Situational the plan gives a general idea of the location of the enterprise in the area in relation to the cardinal directions and wind roses, terrain, available water bodies, enterprises, energy hubs, and populated areas. It is marked with railway tracks and highways, routes of water supply and sewerage lines, water supply sources, treatment facilities, wastewater discharge points, routes of electricity and heat supply lines.

General the plan shows all buildings and structures to be constructed on the selected site. It is also covered by railways and roads, structures and networks, fences and green spaces, and a reserve site for expansion. Each structure is provided with coordinates and vertical marks.

2. Technological solutions. Chapter contains:

Calculation of material and fuel and energy balances of technological processes, taking into account all solid, liquid and gaseous wastes and methods for their maximum and complete use;

Characteristics and justification of decisions on production technology;

Composition of the selected equipment, characteristics of workshops and inter-shop communications;

Solutions for power supply, control and automation of technological processes;

Specific measures to protect the environment;

Work organization solutions.

The project also includes estimate documentation. The summary estimate includes facilities:

To compensate for losses to land users and losses of agricultural production during the transfer of land;

For compensation of losses caused by water management activities;

For land reclamation.

Estimated part of the project must be developed according with its technological part in order to stimulate technical solutions as much as possible. Design organizations and the customer bear responsibility for ensuring the reliability of the estimated cost of construction.

Working documentation of two-stage of the project consists of working drawings, estimates, statements of quantities for construction and installation work. The working documentation also includes drawings of structures and devices related to environmental protection, safety precautions and measures for the restoration of disturbed lands.

Working draft, performed in one stage, consists of the following sections:

General explanatory note;

Construction solutions;

Organization of construction;

Estimate documentation;

Working project passport.

Simultaneously with these materials, we are developing working documentation. The “General Explanatory Note” section provides technological solutions for the project. The technological part of the project is usually oriented towards the maximum use of standard designs and serial equipment.

The design of each construction project consists of stages. Depending on the decision of the customer (developer) and the requirements of urban planning regulations, it carries out design work in one, two or three stages.

Design stages are divided into:

Project documentation
Working documentation
Working draft

Sketch Design (Architectural and urban planning appearance of a capital construction project)

It is a stage of pre-project preparation during which the feasibility of design and construction work is determined and agreed upon with the customer and architectural departments of the city, district, region... (galaarchitecture, etc.). During it, a detailed study of the parameters of the planned object is carried out before a decision is made regarding all sections including design.

The purpose of the preliminary design is to justify the location of the object, determine its investment attractiveness, visualize the appearance and layout, determine the possibilities of constructing the object or its reconstruction, taking into account a number of aspects of a social, economic, historical, cultural, urban planning, sanitary and hygienic and environmental nature.

The preliminary design includes:

Explanatory note
Situation plan with areas adjacent to the facility
General plan (site diagram)
Floor plans with explications of premises
Sections describing the “pies” and structural elements
Facades, developments and fragments of facades
Color and volumetric design of facades
Photomontage of an existing object
Visualization in 3D

Project documentation

The stage of development of design documentation for the construction of facilities and reconstructions, requiring approval by expert review. Developed in accordance with state standards.

The composition of project documentation is regulated by 87 paragraphs and includes:

This is all in the “Communication Networks” section

The documentation developed at the “Project” stage serves as the basis for approval, obtaining a construction permit and subsequent development of “Working Documentation”. Coordinated with the examination bodies.

Working documentation

Working documentation is the detailing of design documentation and its preparation for construction and installation work, including all the components, parts, statements, specifications necessary for the work.

The composition is regulated by state standards and is specified by the customer and the project developer in the contract. For particularly complex objects, two design stages are provided: design and working. Working documentation is developed on the basis of decisions made after approval of the project documentation. If the load-bearing structures of buildings are affected, the design documentation is subject to state examination.

Working draft

A working project is a one-stage design that reduces the development time by 1.5-2 times, reducing the cost of creating a project by 30%. As part of it, in some cases, when working with objects of medium complexity, it is allowed to develop solutions within the scope of the Project with subsequent refinement of working drawings. The composition of the documentation, depending on the customer’s requirements, may be reduced or increased.

The list of initial data for project development includes:

Urban planning plan of the land plot (GPZU)
Title documents for the land plot
Results of engineering surveys (geodetic, geological, environmental...)
Technical conditions for connection to energy supply networks (electricity, heat, water supply, sewerage, communications, gas...)

In each specific project, the list of initial data may differ and is determined at the stage of consideration of the designed object.

Project documentation must be coordinated with the examination and other interested supervisory authorities.

To get the job done quickly and efficiently, you should contact highly qualified professionals.

Project documentation is developed in 1 -y or 3 -and stages. In one stage (otherwise: “single-stage”), design documentation is developed for “technically uncomplicated” objects, while in three stages (otherwise: “three-stage”, on the contrary, it is developed for “technically complex objects”). What type of design object belongs to is determined by the customer.
Note: In the communications industry, the design system in the 3rd stage is almost never used due to its great complexity, preparation time and high cost.

Three-stage system for developing project documentation.

The three-stage scheme for the development of design documentation in construction consists of the following stages:

1-Investment justification (stage “OI”). At this stage, various technical and economic aspects of creating the final object are considered based on the given initial data. Note: The stage of justification for investments in particularly complex or dangerous objects is subject to mandatory state examination as pre-project documentation;

2-Feasibility study (stage “P”) or abbreviated as “feasibility study.” At this stage, the project is developed on the basis of approved and examined OE and consists of adopted technical solutions, a description of the functioning of the facility, taking into account external conditions, operating requirements, etc. d. The feasibility study is subject to a separate state examination;

3-Working documentation (Stage “P”). The set of working documentation (DD) contains all the drawings and technological explanations necessary for the construction of the facility. RD is the main document for the work contractor, foremen, and installers. In addition to the RD, estimates for the project are developed, containing a detailed calculation of the cost of the object.

We also recommend: “Is an examination needed for design documentation for the construction of communication networks?”and other articles in the section: "Legal Literacy".

One-stage system for developing project documentation.

Single-stage design is performed for “technically uncomplicated” objects.
Note: Single-stage design is mainly used in the design of most facilities in the communications industry.
One-stage design also has the name “detailed design”, which is due to the fact that in the final we get a “Detailed Design” containing 3 parts:

1-General explanatory note (GEM) - it describes the main technological solutions, activities, operating conditions of the facility and the rationale for the selected solutions, if necessary;

2-Detailed documentation (DD) – working drawings required for construction and installation works with explanations;

3-Estimated part of the set of design documentation.

P.S. In Russia, when preparing project documentation, it is necessary to use the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation (Articles 48, 49) and Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 87 of February 16, 2008 “Regulations on the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content” and No. 145 of 05.03 .2007 “On the procedure for organizing and conducting state examination of design documentation and engineering survey results” (as amended on December 29, 2007, February 16, 2008).

Single stage(working draft of the RP, including the approved part and working documentation) - for coordination and approval of technically simple objects using projects of mass and repeated use of I and II categories of complexity

Two-stage(project P, working documentation R) - for technically complex civil facilities, a preliminary design (ED) is additionally developed, for industrial facilities - a feasibility study of investments (TES). For individual objects, after approval of the EP or feasibility study, a RP can be developed, and after its approval, a R.

For objects of the III category of complexity, design is carried out in two stages:

Project (P)
- working documentation (P)

Three-stage(pre-design proposals EP or feasibility study, project P, working documentation R) - for objects of V, IV categories of complexity, technically complex in relation to urban planning, architectural, artistic and environmental conditions, engineering support, the introduction of new construction technologies, structures and materials, design is carried out in three stages.

For civil objects - EP, and for industrial objects - feasibility study;
- project (P);
- working documentation (P).

The head of the design organization appoints, by appropriate orders, chief architects and chief engineers of projects to develop all stages of design.

The responsible persons for the technical, economic, aesthetic and environmental qualities of the project are the chief project architect (CAP) or the chief project engineer (CPI). They prepare contracts, coordinate the actions of performers, and negotiate with customers, subcontractors and contractors. The responsible persons for the quality of a certain section of the project are the head and chief specialist of the corresponding project unit.

The preliminary design, investment feasibility study, project and working draft are signed by the management and main executors of the design organization. The title page of the explanatory note is signed by the head of the organization (director, chief engineer, chief architect), the head of the workshop (department), the chief architect (engineer) of the project, the authors of the project (if there are any, except GAP, GIP). Sections of the explanatory note are signed by the main specialists of the departments, the authors of the sections (if any), and the performers. The drawings are signed by the head of the workshop (department), the chief architect (engineer) of the project, the authors of the project (if there are any, except for the State Aviation Administration and the State Inspectorate), chief specialists, and performers. The explanatory note indicates the names of the design participants for each section of the project and, if there are subcontractors, the names of the companies or individuals of the subcontractors.

When developing design documentation, designers are responsible and ensure:

Compliance with architectural and urban planning requirements and high architectural and artistic quality;
- compliance with the requirements of current regulatory documents;
- protection of the natural environment, environmental safety and rational use of natural resources in accordance with DBN A.2.2-1;
- compliance with energy saving requirements;
- operational reliability;
- investment efficiency;
- patent purity of the adopted technical solutions and equipment used;
- compliance of design solutions with initial data and permitting documents.

Pre-project proposal.

A pre-project proposal is the primary set of documents required to pass the regulations in the relevant region and obtain the initial permitting documentation or architectural planning assignment. In addition, these are materials that allow you to evaluate the project and formulate precise requirements for further design.

Development is perhaps the best, if not the only way to evaluate and get an idea of the project being designed in advance. This stage is especially important for large objects, as it allows you to avoid many difficulties during further design. At this stage, the design, layout, number of floors, materials, technical equipment, and architectural design are fundamentally determined; all this should give a clear idea of the organization of the plan, the volumetric structure and appearance of the structure. The pre-project stage is decisive, determining the further path of project development.
At the next stage, based on the design assignment, a project and a working design are developed, which are developed for each type of work, and during construction they are the main technical documents.

Draft design and feasibility study of the investment.

A preliminary design (DS) contains fundamental solutions to urban planning, architectural, artistic, functional, environmental requirements for the design assignment, confirms the fundamental possibility of creating an object, and determines its cost.

To justify the adoption of architectural decisions, as part of the graphic part and explanatory note of the preliminary design, engineering, technical and structural developments, schemes for the engineering support of the facility and justification of the effectiveness of investments can be additionally carried out.

The EP is developed in compliance with existing urban planning documentation, architectural and planning assignments, and environmental protection requirements.

After approval or approval by the urban planning and architecture authorities, the ES is the basis for further development of project documentation.

Feasibility study of investments (feasibility study)

is developed for technically complex industrial facilities, including transport, energy, hydraulic engineering, reclamation and other special types of construction; a feasibility study for investments substantiates the need and feasibility of construction or reconstruction of industrial facilities, incl. their technical feasibility and investment efficiency. The investment feasibility study should consider decisions regarding the location, capacity of the facility, assessing the impact of the projected activity on the environment, compliance with architectural and other requirements in accordance with the design assignment. The investment feasibility study, after its approval or approval, is the basis for the further development of project documentation.

Project development.

A project (P) for the construction of a civil facility is developed on the basis of initial data, design assignments, and an agreed preliminary design (if available). It consists of the following main sections.

Architectural and construction solution, general plan, landscaping, transport scheme (if necessary),

Technological part (if necessary),

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) The need to develop an EIA is determined with the participation of government agencies for environmental protection,

Organization of construction,

Estimate documentation,

Bill of quantities.

A project for the construction, expansion and reconstruction of an industrial facility is developed on the basis of initial data, design assignments and an agreed feasibility study for investments (if necessary). It should consist of the following main sections:

Explanatory note with initial data,

Master plan and transport,

Technological part

Solutions for engineering equipment and external engineering networks,

Architectural and construction solutions,

Organization of construction,

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) in accordance with the requirements of DBN A.2.2-1-95,

Estimate documentation,

Collections of specifications for equipment, materials, structures and products,

Bills of quantities,

Technical and economic part, economic indicators

Working draft.

Detailed design (DP) is a combined design stage intended for the coordination and approval of design documentation, as well as for the construction of the facility. It is carried out on the basis of agreed planning documentation, state industry development programs or agreed pre-design studies, design assignments, architectural and planning assignments, initial data and technical conditions for connecting to sources of engineering support.

The working draft consists of an explanatory note (with technical and economic indicators), working drawings, estimate documentation and a construction organization section.

Working documentation.

Detailed documentation (P) is intended for construction.
It includes:

Working drawings, which are developed in accordance with the requirements of standards (DSTU and GOST),

Finishing work certificate

Estimate documentation,

Statement of quantities of construction and installation works,

Collections of specifications for equipment, products and materials according to DSTU B A.2.4-10-95 (GOST 21.110-95),

Questionnaires and dimensional drawings for relevant types of equipment and products,

Initial requirements for the development of design documentation for individually manufactured equipment (including non-standard and non-standardized equipment)

The scope and detail of working drawings must comply with the requirements of the "Design Documentation System for Construction" standards.

After approval of the project (draft design, feasibility study of investments), according to the customer’s decision, working drawings can be developed by a contractor or another designer (with a license), incl. with the involvement of the authors.

Detailed drawings of metal structures (DM) and process pipelines should be developed by manufacturing plants, and detail drawings of air ducts - by installation organizations. In some cases, the designer can undertake the development of detail drawings of metal structures (DM) and process pipelines for a fee.

Working drawings, as a rule, are signed by the head of the workshop (department), the chief architect (engineer) of the project, the chief specialist of the relevant section, the contractor and the person responsible for standard control.

The RD is developed after approval of the previous design stage.

The cost of design work is determined in accordance with the procedure and rules for determining the cost of design and survey work for new construction, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of enterprises, buildings and structures of all sectors of the national economy of Ukraine.

Coordination of project documentation.

The developed design documentation is subject to approval.
The preliminary design (ED) and feasibility study of investments are agreed upon

With local authorities of urban planning and architecture - on issues of placement, rational use of the territory intended for allocation, compliance of the solutions provided for by the project with the requirements of the architectural and planning assignment, current urban planning documentation,

With local governments - on issues of location, use of existing sources of supply, engineering communications, conditions for their development (to obtain official technical conditions for the preparation of initial data necessary for the development of P and RD), as well as the use of labor resources (when creating new jobs at production facilities)

Projects and working drafts are coordinated with local urban planning and architecture authorities (if the project was developed without the preliminary development of an electronic design and feasibility study for investments) and with local government authorities (which issued technical conditions for connection to supply sources or utilities).

If there are special conditions for the location of the object (historical zones of cities, landslide areas, etc.), it is necessary, according to the instructions of the urban planning and architecture authorities, to coordinate the design documentation with the relevant organizations.

Project documentation developed in accordance with state regulations and certified by the signatures of the chief architect (engineer) of the project is not subject to approval by state supervisory authorities, except in cases provided for by the legislation of Ukraine. In the absence of design rules and regulations, the adopted design decisions must be coordinated with the relevant state supervisory authorities.

Design documentation made with justified deviations from current state regulatory documents is subject to approval only in relation to these deviations with the relevant state supervisory authorities.

Project documentation for reconstruction is subject to coordination with urban planning and architecture authorities in cases of changes in the color scheme of the facade of buildings, architectural solutions (affecting the previously established character of the surrounding buildings), design solutions (which may cause dangerous situations in the future when operating conditions change).

Coordination is not carried out if the design documentation for reconstruction does not foresee changes in urban planning conditions, building facades, conditions of transport connections, engineering support, requirements relating to environmental protection, and the requirements of current regulatory documents for design are not violated. In this case, the examination is carried out in accordance with current regulations.

Examination and approval of design documentation.

Project documentation (EP, feasibility study of investments, P, RP) before its approval is subject to mandatory state examination in accordance with current legislation.

When examining investment projects, Ukrinvestexpertiza services involve environmental protection and nuclear safety authorities, labor safety control authorities, other state supervision bodies, specialized services of local governments, representatives of public associations and take into account their conclusions.

Customers who carry out construction at their own expense independently determine the procedure for undergoing examination of the relevant projects. At the same time, the level of compliance with safety requirements for life and health of the population, environmental protection and energy saving is subject to mandatory state examination.

Design documentation that is not subject to approval can be submitted for examination only by decision of the customer.

Submission of project documentation for approval, examination and approval is the responsibility of the customer and is carried out at his expense. The designer is obliged to defend his design decisions.

Project documentation (EP, feasibility study of investments, P, RP) comes into force after its approval by the customer. Approval is recorded in the form of an order (instruction or decision). The approval document provides the basic data and technical and economic indicators of the object. The names of the State Civil Aviation Administration or State Inspectorate, as well as the authors of the project, are included in the approval documents and protocols of coordination with the urban planning and architecture authorities.

The designer is responsible for the quality of design solutions, compliance with current regulations and legislative acts. Having approved the design documentation, the customer is responsible to the state for compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents and for the design solutions provided for in the documentation. For the transfer to production of design documentation that does not comply with the mandatory requirements of regulatory documents, the customer is responsible in accordance with current legislation.

Implementation of designer's supervision.

Specialists from our architectural group carry out architectural supervision in order to ensure compliance of the decisions contained in the working documentation with the construction and installation work performed at the site.

Stages and stages of design

The main goal of the design is to develop a set of technical documentation for the construction of buildings.

Design is the first stage in construction. The technical specifications for construction and the performance indicators of the future building depend on the quality of the projects. A project is a complex of graphic and text materials containing decisions on the technology and equipment of a future enterprise or building, architectural, planning and design solutions, technical and economic regulations, calculations, justifications, and estimates.

Development of design documentation for construction is carried out on the basis of approved justifications for investments in the construction of enterprises and buildings.

The design documentation specifies the main technical and technological requirements.

The main design document for construction is a feasibility study.

Based on the approved feasibility study of the project, working documentation is developed.

There are 2 design stages:

1st pre-design stage:

A-organizational and technical preparation:

appointment of chief engineer and project architect
completing project teams or assigning tasks to existing groups
visiting the construction site
collection of initial data and study of archival materials
development of feasibility study for design
development and approval of design assignments with the customer
issuing assignments for engineering surveys
issuing assignments for the development of parts of the project
registration of land allotment

B-engineering research: - economical, - technical.

2- project stage is carried out in one or two stages.

1) In two-stage design, the following is developed:

a) project;

b) working documentation.

coordination of design solutions
project development
the project is being reviewed by the council of the design organization
design of the project
project examination
project approval.

preparation of working drawings
drawing up working estimates
their agreement with the customer
preparation of working drawings and estimates
transfer of design and estimate documentation to the customer.

2) With one-stage design, only working documentation is developed.

The main document regulating the obligations and responsibilities of the parties is the contract concluded by the customer with the design organizations. An integral part of the contract must be a design assignment.

Development of design documentation is carried out subject to an approved decision on the approval of the location of the facility.

Engineering and economic research begins when preparing a design assignment.

The allocation of a land plot is formalized by a decision of the local government administration.

Allotment of a plot in kind with the execution of an act for indefinite use is carried out by municipal organizations. The customer has the right to use the site after approval of the design documentation and receipt of a construction permit. The development of the project should begin after the conclusion of the contract for design work. The completed project must be agreed upon with the general contractor.

Composition of project documentation

The project for the construction of buildings and industrial enterprises consists of the following sections:

general explanatory note;
master plan and transport;
technological solutions;
organization and working conditions of workers;
production and enterprise management;
engineering equipment, networks and systems;
organization of construction;
environmental protection;
estimate documentation;
investment efficiency.

The project for the construction of housing and civil facilities consists of the following sections:

general explanatory note;
architectural and construction solutions;
technological solutions;
engineering equipment solutions;
environmental protection;
engineering and technical measures of civil defense, measures to prevent emergency situations;
organization of construction (if necessary);
estimate documentation;
investment efficiency (if necessary);

The composition of the documentation developed at the “project” stage should contain:

summary construction cost estimates and, if necessary, cost summaries;
object and local estimate calculations;
estimates for certain types of costs (including design and survey work).

As part of the working documentation:

object and local estimates.

Types of design organizations

The design of construction projects is carried out by territorial, industry and specialized design and survey organizations.

Territorial institutes deal with the issues of locating industrial enterprises and combining them into industrial hubs. Industry institutes conduct technological design. Specialized institutes develop the construction part of objects for various purposes.

The design of industrial construction projects is carried out by design organizations:

complex specialize in complex design of production process technology
technological specialize in designing production process technology for enterprises in certain industries
construction specialists specialize in designing the construction part of specific types of buildings