How to lay cold asphalt. Asphalt care. Do I need to prepare the surface for laying

At the end there is a “smoothing". Concrete is a particularly strong material suitable primarily for roads that are subject to high loads. In standard processes using pavers in the “insert”, large surface areas and runways are generally laid out. First, the truck scatters the concrete in front of the machine. A worm or spray spreader distributes concrete over the entire width of the machine and slides the concrete through a sliding formwork. Between the formwork machines, high-frequency vibrators are used to extinguish air from concrete, which is thus compacted.

At the same time, pavers can vibrate rods or anchors in fresh concrete. Above the reinforcing elements, welds on the roadway will later be cut. This ensures that cracks, which are inevitably caused by loads and temperature fluctuations, are created in a controlled manner in the concrete casing.

Longitudinal and side trowels align the roadway. The rough texture of the sidewalk is guaranteed by an elongated jute fabric. Uniform hardening of concrete is achieved by applying the slurry to fresh concrete, usually for specific care. The curbstones that absorb the energy of the wall in the lane of the highway, drainage wastewater - there are many molded parts made of concrete. Thanks to the sliding formwork technology, it is easy and economical to lay such monolithic profiles using the displacement method.

In offsets, the stacker usually feeds material to the refueling machine. Then it is transported to offset formwork attached to the side of the sidewalk using a rotary belt conveyor or a rotary screw conveyor. While offset pavers move forward, formwork forms monolithic profiles. There are many shapes and sizes, from the most commonly used, such as a jersey profile to special products.

The displacement method is ideal when installing energy-intensive barriers with a maximum height of 2 meters, as well as drainage channels or narrow roads. Offset printing compared to the manual placement of finished products is very fast and efficient. It has long been known that asphalt is the best solution for roads of various intensities. Asphalt plays an important role in our daily activities. When traveling to work or school or when we go shopping, we use asphalt roads for this purpose. Most asphalt pavements are gray or black, sometimes painted with, for example, red or green.

There are many types of asphalt pavement, each of which has certain properties, among others. Some of them can be porous, while others can flexibly adapt to atmospheric conditions. Asphalt mixtures can also be manufactured using various technologies, such as heat, heat, half heat or cold.

Asphalt is used on roads, railway platforms, airports - runways or taxiways - on bike paths, playgrounds, treadmills, tennis courts, ports, bridges and tunnels. Asphalt is harmless to the environment and to people.

Here are some important information, why is it better to choose asphalt? First of all, sustainable development! Not without reason, car races take place on paved roads, because they provide the best traction and, consequently, safety or a shorter braking distance. Asphalt is not only pleasing to the eye, but also the safest and safest road surface. Asphalt roads can be built quickly, reducing traffic delays and road costs. Asphalt can be located at night, which saves commuters from costly delays and stands in the morning traffic. Even asphalt surfaces contribute to fuel economy as well as wear and tear on every vehicle, including tires and suspension components. Asphalt pavement is one of the largest renewable resources; Asphalt can be reused to produce high quality mineral asphalt. Asphalt pavements have better visibility in adverse weather conditions. . From Napoleonic times it follows that roads from antiquity to the present day are a measure of the development of societies and states.

Currently, the technology used for the construction of asphalt pavements is the most widely used. After Poland joined the European Union, it was necessary to adapt the infrastructure to European requirements, including the construction and reconstruction of the road network. The position of Poland in the center of Europe leads to the fact that the intensity of heavy traffic, especially from east to west, increases every year. The dominant pavement construction technology is the construction of asphalt pavements.

No less important, but, to a lesser extent, cement pavements. Road surfaces can be divided according to their structure, deformability, load capacity and type of materials used on the driveway. Due to surface deformation, we are divided by.

Vulnerable - sidewalks that are plastically deformed under the influence of loads. Semi-rigid asphalt pavement with concrete, concrete concrete, aggregates or stabilized soils. Rigid - coatings that are elastically deformed by the load. Most hard surfaces are made of hard or hard surfaces. Susceptible sidewalks account for about 90% of the total length of hard roads in Europe and Poland. The types of pavement construction caused by deformability are shown in Fig.

Types of construction pavement  main road network in Europe. The design of the asphalt pavement is shown in Fig. Asphalt pavement construction. The structural layers of the sidewalk, that is, the wear-resistant layer, binding and substructure, can be made of mineral asphalt mixes. Mineral-asphalt mixture consists of asphalt binder, fine and coarse aggregate, filler and additives. In bitumen mixtures, asphalt binders make up on average only about 5%, but its effect on the properties of the mixture is decisive.

In Poland, the following types of mineral-asphalt mixtures are used for the construction of pavement layers. For foundation and bonding layers: asphalt concrete and asphalt concrete with a high rigidity module. For wear layer: asphalt concrete, mastic, mastic asphalt, thin asphalt concrete for porous asphalt  and asphalt.

Asphalt is the most commonly used mineral-asphalt mixture in which a continuous granular aggregate forms a wedge-shaped structure. Asphalt poured is a mixture of mineral asphalt, in which the volume of filler and binder is greater than the content of free space in the unit.

Asphalt concrete for very thin layers is a mixture of mineral asphalt for wear layers with a thickness of 20 to 30 mm, in which the unit has a discrete particle size. Porous asphalt is a mixture of mineral asphalt with a very high content of combined free space, which allows water and air to flow to provide drainage and reduce communication noise. The figure shows the drainage pattern of traditional and porous asphalt.

Mineral-asphalt mixtures vary depending on. Type of mineral compound used. The content of free space in the mineral-asphalt mixture. Technology execution. Drainage diagram of traditional and porous asphalt. The classification of bituminous binders is presented in the figure. Among the asphalt binders are oil and natural asphalt. Natural asphalt trinidades and gilsonites are used as additives to alter the properties of petroleum asphalt. The melting resin used in the construction of sidewalks and in the insulation industry, due to its low technical and toxic properties, was discontinued in Europe in Poland, as well as in Poland.

Asphalt binders are organic binders whose bonding and hardening are reversible physical phenomena that change the adhesion and adhesion of the binder molecules as the temperature changes. The properties of road tar materials depend on the type of crude oil and the technology used. In Poland, asphalt production takes place in three stages during atmospheric distillation, vacuum and oxidation of the vacuum residue.

Currently, asphalt coatings are used for the following types of binders: road bituminous, modified and multi-layer asphalts, asphalt emulsions, liquefied asphalts, foamed asphalts. The table. Classification of bituminous binders. Road bitumenused in the construction of asphalt pavements must meet the requirements of a wide range of technological and operating temperatures.

Standard properties are not enough to fully characterize binders in such a wide temperature range. An additional study of rheological properties is required. Based on rheological studies, it is possible to determine in which temperature range the asphalt is in an elastic, viscoelastic and viscous state under the influence of temporary and temperature loads.

The design of modern surfaces, durable and resistant to damage, requires the use of high-quality binders. This binder can be obtained by modification asphalt road  with the following additives: polymers, polyphosphoric acid with a polymer, organometallic salts. The “cold” road maintenance technology uses asphalt emulsions, liquefied asphalt and new foam asphalt technology.

For technical and environmental reasons, it is important to use pavers for the construction of pavements to a greater extent. Their use is made from rubber from worn-out car tires. For reasons of economic, environmental, social and economic development, it is necessary to build durable, modern and safe road surfaces.

The materials used for the construction of the sidewalk must be. Simplicity and ease of use. It should be noted that the use of modern materials and technological solutions in the field of binders and asphalt mixtures meets current requirements for sustainable road construction.