Cardboard tank technology 4. How to make biofuel from paper. How to make a tank out of paper. A hole puncher will decorate your creation

UMK: Perspective

Lesson topic: Making a model of a carriage ( Tank).

Lesson type: lesson in mastering new knowledge and methods of action

Objective of the lesson: learn produce different types of tanks using different geometric bodies (cylinder)

Planned result:

    Personal: have motivation for educational and creative activities; show interest in professions and have a positive attitude towards physical activity

    M subject:

    regulatory educational activities (formation of the ability to carry out cognitive and personal reflection, learn to make appropriate adjustments; form the ability to plan, control and evaluate educational actions in accordance with the task and the conditions for its implementation, determine the most effective ways to achieve results; use sign-symbolic means of presenting information for creating models of studied objects and processes, solution schemes)

    cognitive UUD (the ability to extract information from the text, complement the understanding of the types of cars; identify the characteristics of the objects being studied based on comparison; draw analogies between the material being studied and one’s own experience)

    communicative UUD (master the ability to proactively collaborate with the teacher and classmates; answer questions, draw conclusions; recognize the possibility of the existence of different points of view and the right of everyone to have their own, express their opinion and argue their point of view and assessment of events)

    Subject: get acquainted with the design of the tank, its types; learn to mark parts using a ruler, make different types of tanks using volumetric geometric bodies (cylinder, rectangle)

Tasks:

    Educational: have motivation for educational and creative activities; show interest in professions and have a positive attitude towards physical activity

    Developmental:

    regulatory learning activities (to form the ability to carry out cognitive and personal reflection, to teach how to make appropriate adjustments; to develop the ability to plan, control and evaluate educational actions in accordance with the task and the conditions for its implementation, to determine the most effective ways to achieve results; to use sign-symbolic means of presenting information for creating models of studied objects and processes, solution schemes)

    cognitive UUD (be able to extract information from the text, supplement the understanding of the types of cars; highlight the characteristics of the objects being studied based on comparison; draw analogies between the material being studied and one’s own experience)

    communicative UUD (master the ability to proactively collaborate with the teacher, classmates; answer questions, draw conclusions; recognize the possibility of the existence of different points of view and the right of everyone to have their own, express their opinion and argue their point of view and assessment of events)

    Educational: introduce the design of the tank, its types; learn to mark parts using a ruler, make different types of tanks, use volumetric geometric bodies (cylinder, rectangle)

Principles of training:

    accessibility

    visibility;

    strength

    systematicity;

    sequences

Methods of training and education:

Teaching methods:

1. Method of organizing educational and cognitive activities (Method of obtaining new knowledge: verbal (explanation, conversation), visual (demonstration); practical (exercises, practical work)

2. Method of stimulating educational and cognitive activity (encouragement)

3. Methods for the development of mental functions, creative abilities, personal qualities of children (Statement of a problem situation, creative task).

Education methods:

1.Methods of forming the social experience of children (situation of free choice, example).

2. A method for children to comprehend their social experience, motivation for activity and behavior (conversation, story).

3.Methods of stimulating and correcting the actions and relationships of children in the educational process (creating a situation of success).

Forms of organizing student activities: frontal, individual, pair, group

Equipment:

    Individual: instruction cards, pencil, ruler, glue stick, scissors, colored cardboard and paper

    Demo: slide presentation, did. game “Wheel of Fortune”, cards with the lesson topic (2 pcs.),

Information sources:

    Federal State Educational Standard of NOO: text as amended. And additional For 2011 / Ministry and Science of Russia. Federation. – M.: Education, 2011.

    The concept of spiritual and moral development and upbringing of the personality of a Russian citizen in the field of general education: project / A.Ya.Danilyuk, A.M. Kondakov, V.A. Tishkov. Russian Academy of Education. – M.: Education, 2009. – 00 p. – (Second generation standards)

    Technology. Work program and technological maps of lessons based on the textbook by N.I. Rogovtseva, N.V. Bogdanova, N.V. Shipilova, S.V. Anashchenkova

    http :// www . fife . plus . ru / (five plus)

    http :// www . children . world . ru / (Child's world)

    http :// www . rzd expo . ru / (history of carriage building)

Lesson plan:

1. Self-determination for activity (organizational moment). (1-2 min)

2. Updating basic knowledge. (5 min)

3. Statement of the educational task. (5 min)

4. Construction of an exit project. (3 min)

5. Independent practical work. (20 min)

6. Reflection on learning activities

During the classes

Lesson stages, tasks

Methods and techniques of training and education

Activities of teachers, students

Planned result

1. Self-determination for educational activities.

Task:

Motivate students for upcoming activities

Conversation, exercise

Leave on your desk: instruction cards, a pencil, a ruler, a glue stick, scissors, colored cardboard and paper.(check before class by the attendant).

Guys, hello! Run to me, everyone. Let's stand in a circle and get to know each other. My name is Anna Alexandrovna. And what is your name? Say your name in a circle.

Guys, now I know the names of all the designers of the carriage building plant.

To make it easier for us to design trains, let's reset all unnecessary emotions. Guys, imagine that we went outside and beautiful snow flakes began to fall from the sky. Let's putfeet shoulder-width apart, raise our arms up from the sides, as if we were catching snowflakes, and lower our arms smoothly to the bottom.

There was so much snow, what can you play with? Snowballs. To throw us a snowball,you need to bend down, take some snow, straighten up, make a snowball, swing (don’t hit each other when we throw it)and throw a snowball. There was a lot of snow, let's make some more snow.

We were playing with you in the snow, and suddenly, out of nowhere, we saw a train in the distance. He was sliding down a small mountain and buzzing like “Uhhhhhh..!”

But there was still a hill ahead, and it was becoming more and more difficult for him to go up the hill. Let's help the train. To do this, you need to stand up straight, and then squat down with the sound “wow!”, arms forward, straighten up.

What a great fellow you are! We helped the train, it climbed the mountain and wishes you a good mood. Smile at each other.

Guys, now take your seats.

Have a seat.

Personal ( have motivation for educational and creative activities)

Communication

2. Updating basic knowledge and methods of action. Identifying the problem.

Task:

Together with the children, formulate the topic and goals of the lesson through a problem situation.

Statement of a problem situation, conversation, explanation, demonstration

In the previous lesson with Irina Aleksandrovna, you studied the history of the railway, types of trains and cars, what cars are made of. I saw how interested you were.

I have also prepared a very interesting and difficult job for you. I think you can handle it. First, let's play the game "Wheel of Fortune"

(include 1 slide)

The rules of the game are as follows:(rules twice)

we are divided into two teams. We spin the drum. The first team answers the question given to them. The first team responded. We spin the drum and the second team answers.

For each answer I give out a card with words. As a result, you should have the topic of our lesson. I will keep the score on the board.

So, let's split into two teams and let's go.

Which team can name the topic of our lesson.

Yes. Guys, subject our lesson " Making a mock-up of a car (Tank)"

Well done guys, the competitive spirit has conquered me too.

Then purpose lesson we will have:

learn how to make different types of tanks using different geometric bodies (cylinder, rectangle)

Regulatory ( determine the most effective ways to achieve results)

Communication (answer questions, draw conclusions; recognize the possibility of the existence of different points of view and the right of everyone to have their own, express their opinion and give reasons for their point of view and assessment of events)

3. Statement of the educational task

Task:

Plan the lesson objectives and find the answer to them.

Conversation, explanation, example, demonstration, creating a situation of success

Guys, let's define the objectives of the lesson. What will we do in class?

Guys, do you know what a tank is?

Guys, maybe you knowwhat is a tank , and you know what they look like and what they carry. We'll talk about this today. So this will be the first task of our lesson.

Guys, since this is a technology lesson. What do they do in technology lessons? (make various products)

What is the topic of our lesson?(Making a model of a car (Tank))

So what will we make in this lesson? (tank model)

And in order to make it, what do you need to put together to make a model of the tank?

This is the second task of our lesson,tank layout manufacturing plan

And the third task will bemaking a mock-up of the tank from cardboard

Guys, where do we start our lesson?

(find a solution to the first problem)

Dima, read the first problem

(what is a tank)

Guys, in the previous lesson you made models of the cart, and in this lesson we will make a model of the tank. We'll have a whole lineup. But for him to go, to carry a whole train, what are we missing? (locomotive)

Guys, I give you this locomotive. Now we have the driving force.

What can be included in the train?

(carts, refrigerator, hopper-dispenser, tanks)

What will our train consist of, what do we have and what will happen?

(trolleys and tanks, locomotive)

The whole train can consist only of tanks, but several trolleys can also be attached to it. What is a tank anyway?

Do you think the tank is a freight car or a passenger car?

(cargo)

If it's a freight car, it means it's carrying something. What can be transported in tanks? (liquid substances: water, oil, kerosene, gasoline, oil, acids)

The tank is a special metal boiler, so it is safe to transport liquid hazardous substances in them.

Guys, we have just talked about the tank, what kind of car it is, what is carried in it. What is a tank?

- A tank is a freight car that transports liquid substances.

Guys, we found out what a tank is. Have we solved the first problem?

(decided)

Regulatory ( form the ability to plan, control and evaluate educational activities in accordance with the task and the conditions for its implementation, determine the most effective ways to achieve results;)

Cognitive (complement the idea of ​​the types of cars)

Communication (master the ability to proactively collaborate with the teacher and classmates)

4. Physical exercise.

Task:

Relieve tension

exercise

Physical exercise "Train"

Personal: have a positive attitude towards physical activity

5.Building an exit project

Task:

find solutions to assigned problems

Conversation, explanation, encouragement, exercise, creating a situation of success.

We rested a little. What will we do next?

(solve the second problem)

Kolya, read the second problem.

(production of a tank model)

To start making a tank, what do we need to put together?

(plan for making a tank model)

Look carefully at the tank that I made for you and, just like the locomotive, I will give it as a gift.

Now we need to make a plan for how we will make a model of the tank.

Guys, look carefully at the tank, what does it even look like? What shape is it?

This is a cylinder. How do we make this cylinder? (twist)

Can I get a ready-made form somewhere?

Where in life can you find this figure?

(glass, hat, rocket)

Can. For example, I took a cylinder and pulled it out of toilet paper. It is strong and small, just like the truth.

Now we already have a cylinder, compare it with my tank layout by color.

(children's answers)

How do we make this cylinder the same color?

(paste)

How are we going to cover it?

(the cylinder itself and two side parts)

We will paste it over using markings. Look, I took a larger cylinder so you can see it better. Imagine that the board is colored paper. I place the cylinder on colored paper and make markings. Let's circle. It turned out to be a circle.

We need to add a centimeter to attach the side to the tank, then cut it out. To make it easier to stick, I make cuts with scissors. And we did these two times, because there are two side parts.

We've glued the side parts, now let's glue it on.

The cylinder itself. We take it in our hand and apply it to the edge of colored paper, make markings. I took a pencil in my hands, and mine is chalk, and marked where the length of our cylinder ends. Then take a ruler and draw a line. Cut it out. Wraps the cylinder color. Paper. We cut off the excess. Apply glue to the edge of the color. paper, wrap it and secure it with glue too. We covered the tank.

There are still a hundred at the tank. What does the tank consist of?

(chassis, tank itself)

The tank consists of the chassis and the tank itself, that is, all that remains is to make the chassis, which you already know how to do. Look carefully, the cart has one chassis, but here there are two.

Let's make a plan. What do we do first, second...

Drawing up a work plan

1. Let's mark the side parts, cut them out, and glue them.

(marking, cutting, gluing)

2..Let's mark the facade of the cylinder, cut it out, and glue it.

3.Manufacturing of the chassis (2 pcs)

4. Finished product (gluing all parts of the tank)

5. (optional) You can write what exactly the tank is carrying.

Regulatory (determine the most effective ways to achieve results; use sign-symbolic means of presenting information to create models of the objects and processes being studied, solution schemes)

Cognitive (identify the characteristics of the objects being studied based on comparison; draw analogies between the material being studied and their own experience)

Communication (master the ability to proactively collaborate with the teacher)

6.Independent organization of activities

Task:

consolidate new knowledge

Practical work, conversation, exercise, encouragement, creating a situation of success.

Guys, what have we done now?

(completed the second task)

(making the tank model itself from cardboard)

Get started. If anyone needs help, please raise your hand.

Cognitive ( identify the characteristics of the objects being studied based on comparison; draw analogies between the material being studied and their own experience)

7. Reflection on educational activities.

Task:

Organize self-assessment of activities.

Conversation

(Exhibition of finished products, evaluation of work, composition of tanks and carts)

What knowledge was useful in the lesson?

What universal learning activities have you mastered?

What did you do best?

What was the difficulty?

When will the knowledge gained in this lesson be useful in your life?

Regulatory UUD

(formation of the ability to carry out cognitive and personal reflection)

Tatyana Gurova

The wheels are knocking, knocking,

Our the train rushes into the distance,

And the smoke from the locomotive -

Whitish veil.

Half the sky closed from us,

And the steam locomotive “Tutu-tu,”

It buzzes, “I’ll be here before lunch.”

I'll bring the kids.

I'll arrive at the station,

Without delay, on time,

Then I'll go to the depot,

And I'll sleep there for an hour"

I. Shevchuk

Take a sheet paper A4 format and fold in half

Then, unfold the sheet and bend both sides towards the middle


Form a rectangle and cut it out of the strip paper window, paste


Then we cut out the circles and also glue them on.


That's it, one trailer is ready. Other trailers are made using this principle.


When we did train, the guys cut out the windows themselves from strips paper, and the wheels are made of squares.


Publications on the topic:

A path runs through the meadow, dives to the left, to the right. Everywhere you look, there are flowers all around, and knee-deep grass. Green meadow, like a wonderful garden, fragrant and...

Making flannelgraph. Master Class. Lushnikova M.V. – teacher. I have long wanted to have a flannelgraph in my group, but I had to get plywood.

Late autumn has arrived. The earth was covered with an autumn carpet. This inspired me to create an autumn gramophone and write a poem Poem.

GOAL: development of creative musical abilities in children. OBJECTIVES: - to give an initial idea of ​​the wide possibilities of noise.

For work you will need: scissors, colored crepe paper, a glue brush, glue, black cardboard, cardboard for a template, a board, a stick.

"Dedicated to the crazy people"

If your desires to build a model railroad exceed the capabilities of mass production, it’s time to think about making your own models. There are different materials and technologies - here we consider manufacturing from cardboard.

First of all, you should stock up on everything you need.

First you need good white cardboard (preferably 0.35 - 0.5 mm - determined by eye using a ruler).

You also need the right tools:

  • mechanical pencil with a 0.5 mm lead,
  • PVA glue,
  • ruler 30 cm,
  • corner,
  • eraser,
  • threads (preferably not very fleecy),
  • transparent plastic, double-sided tape,
  • two types of emery (coarse and fine),
  • paper knife, regular scissors,
  • manicure scissors,
  • clothespins (preferably plastic with flat surfaces),
  • and also some other little things, which will be discussed below.

And most importantly, you need a sincere desire to make a layout!

Here we will consider the production of a model on a ready-made chassis. As a donor, you can use cars from the TT-model or VTTV.

When producing any model, reference materials are required in the form of drawings and illustrations of the modeling object. To save time, I also used the DMV from the TT model.

So, let's begin. If a drawing is used, then all dimensions must be recalculated to the appropriate scale, in my case - 1:120. Next, on a sheet of cardboard, you should draw a basic layout of the car WITHOUT a roof (the result should be an elongated parallelepiped without a floor) (Fig. 1).

On it we draw everything that should be on the walls of the car, i.e. windows, doors, lines where there should be stiffeners, etc. After everything is drawn, we cut through all the windows with a knife.

Now it is necessary to increase the rigidity of the future body - on the back side you need to glue a second layer of cardboard with already cut windows onto the walls so that the windows coincide with each other (Fig. 2).

Since cardboard has a bad tendency to swell when wet, you don’t need to spread a lot of glue, but quickly and thinly spread one side and immediately press it firmly and put it under a press.

Now let's deal with the stiffeners. They are made from threads that are glued along the drawn lines: first, an adhesive strip is applied, onto which the thread is then applied and pressed with a finger. The idea is to saturate the thread with glue and remove excess glue from the surface. Once all the ribs are glued on, it's time to outline the doors. To do this, cut a thin groove along the contour of the door with a knife. After this, we coat the cut out contours of the doors and the already glued threads. When everything has dried, you need to carefully walk over the surface of the threads with fine sandpaper and coat it with glue again. During all coatings, we try to leave as little glue as possible so that unnecessary irregularities do not come out later. Handrails are made from thin strips of cardboard.

Now it's time to start assembling. We press down the folds on the reverse side with scissors. Then we cut it out, carefully bend it and glue it together (Fig. 3).

Carefully sand the rough protruding cardboard in the gluing areas.

Roof. To get a roof of the desired shape, you first need to create a parallelepiped from layered cardboard, the height of which is equal to the height of the roof itself (usually painted gray). The width and length should be 1 and 2 mm greater than the width and length of the car blank, respectively (these are approximate figures). This is necessary so that after gluing the roof (by the way, it is also advisable to glue it using a press), it can be sanded on the sides and thereby adjusted to the size of the car. Next, the roof needs to be given a convex shape - to do this, draw the roof profile from the ends and cut off the excess longitudinally. After this, we sand first with coarse sandpaper, and then with fine sandpaper. After this, coat the roof with glue and wait until it dries. We process with fine sandpaper and repeat the operation. Now you can glue the roof. If you can find something to hold it down with while it dries, that will be good. If the original has stiffening ribs on the roof, they are made in a similar way using threads. We coat the junction of the roof with the body with glue. After this, air intakes can be attached to the roof. We glue cardboard at the ends of the car to hide the joint, although, depending on the situation, you can do without it. Using toothpicks, transitional soufflés are made (Fig. 4).

Let's talk a little about the insides. First you need to make a floor from 2-3 layers of cardboard. Next, we mark on it a diagram of the partitions, which, after cutting, we “put” on glue. The total height of the interior with the floor should be selected taking into account the height of the chassis. We glue the upper shelves to the walls, but the lower ones will most likely have to be glued to the floor. After this, a strip of cardboard 1 cm wide and 2 cm long less than the length of the car is glued on top of the partitions.

Now you can paint. It is advisable to use water-indelible paints. You can use aerosol, regular oil or special model paints. Next we use tape and brushes of different sizes to obtain the desired color.

When everything is dry, we glue strips of transparent plastic on the inside of the walls of the car using double-sided tape. From the inside, we stick double-sided tape onto the roof, and then press the insides of the car to it. We again glue double-sided tape to the floor of the car from below and press the chassis to it (Fig. 5).

The car is ready!

Watch also the video on how to make a freight car out of cardboard:

Read also:

www.modelzd.ru


If you have a large stack of paper or newspapers that you can use for good, then use them to create your biofuel. Don’t rush to throw away old documents and papers, together we will turn it all into a source of fuel that does not take up much space, and most importantly, brings significant benefits.

Let's look at the process, which is shown in the homemade video:

To create biofuel at home, you will need: - water; - a lot of newspapers or paper, the more newspapers, the better it will be for us; - a paper shredder; - several plastic or metal containers of different sizes; - a sieve for straining; - a mold to create a briquette.

Making fuel consists of a few simple steps, first of all you must shred the paper into small pieces. The shredder does this very well and quickly.

If you don't have a shredder, you can tear the newspapers by hand or use scissors. Of course, the process will take much longer, but at least you will have something to do on your free evening.


Place the shredded paper in a large bowl and fill it with warm water. There should be as much water as can cover the entire paper.


Rub the paper with your hands to make the particles even smaller. If you have an industrial or home blender, it will grind the paper almost to a pulp. This is the paper consistency we need.

Leave the container with paper and water for 10-12 hours until it is completely soaked.


It is not necessary to use a sieve, but only if you are not afraid of getting dirty. The paper can also be squeezed out by hand.


Now metal forms are used. We put paper in one form.


The bottom of the second container must be pressed against the paper pulp to remove all remaining moisture and form a briquette.

It will be easier to remove the finished tortillas if you put cling film or a plastic bag on the bottom of the container.

The resulting semi-finished products must dry thoroughly before use. Leave them for several days in a warm place, for example, place them on a radiator.


On average, a briquette takes 3 days to dry, and they burn much longer than regular paper.

10-15 tortillas are enough to start a good fire at a picnic.

usamodelkina.ru

How to make a cup out of paper

Creating a large or small paper cup using the origami technique will not be too difficult, even if you are a beginner. Even preschool children can successfully do this. All you need to fold a glass with your own hands is an ordinary sheet of paper or a piece of newspaper, as well as a good mood and, of course, instructions. It is worth noting that a paper cup may well be the first and, without a doubt, enjoyable way to get acquainted with the origami technique. It can be assembled in just a few minutes and it won’t be easy. But, as soon as you successfully cope with such a paper figurine, study the diagram of its assembly, and other crafts in the origami style will also become within your grasp.


What is needed to create a cup using the origami technique?

You will need an A4 piece of paper, which should be cut on one side so that you end up with an equilateral square. It would be a good idea to involve your friends and acquaintances in such a creative, exciting process, because putting an origami cup together will become much more interesting. It will take about five to seven minutes to create it, but in the end you will get comfortable and very original dishes for the whole company. You can, as an option, paint the glasses with origami or sign them with the names of all the guests, then your holiday or picnic will become even more fun and funny.


Some people perceive the process of making paper crafts much better visually. Others, on the contrary, need to read everything about how to create cups from paper sheets. So, a square piece of paper or newspaper is folded diagonally. You need to make a triangle. The right and left corners are wrapped towards the center. It is important to ensure that all paper folds are not only even, but also neat. As a result, after the above manipulations, a pentagon is obtained. All that remains for you is to just bend and then fold its upper corners down. Next, you straighten the glass and can enjoy your favorite drink poured into it. It is recommended to use a standard-sized sheet of paper taken from an A4 album. However, when you need a large glass, such as a container for popcorn or berries, you can always just take a larger piece of paper to make a more capacious glass from it. Both the diagram and steps remain the same.


There are several variations of the use of a cup, which is made using the origami technique. First, you can add thread to the side of the paper product. This is done using a needle. A button is placed on the thread. Thus, the result is a game known as “sniper”. It is an analogue of the French game called "bilboke". They have one goal - to throw a button into a glass.


In Japan, with this type of game, everything is much more serious. Its participants, just like in karate, are assigned titles, that is, “dans”. This type of “sport” is called “Kendama”.

If, at the end of folding the paper cup, the triangle is not wrapped outward, but rather inward, then this creates something like a puppet theater for the fingers. Just paint the faces of different animals or cartoon characters on them, and then glue on ears or some other attributes. Alternatively, you can make your own zoo or aquarium using these cups, cheerfully decorated with fish and other representatives of the animal world.

A hole puncher will decorate your creation

If you make holes in an ordinary glass with a hole punch and cut the triangle into a semicircle, you will get a very nice product, and the shape of the semicircle, together with the uniformity of the holes, will completely transform it. These paper cups with chicken faces painted on them are very popular before Easter. Painted Easter eggs are placed in them.

"Dedicated to the crazy people"

If your desires to build a model railroad exceed the capabilities of mass production, it’s time to think about making your own models. There are different materials and technologies - here we consider manufacturing from cardboard.

First of all, you should stock up on everything you need.

First you need good white cardboard (preferably 0.35 - 0.5 mm - determined by eye using a ruler).

You also need the right tools:

  • mechanical pencil with a 0.5 mm lead,
  • PVA glue,
  • ruler 30 cm,
  • corner,
  • eraser,
  • threads (preferably not very fleecy),
  • transparent plastic, double-sided tape,
  • two types of emery (coarse and fine),
  • paper knife, regular scissors,
  • manicure scissors,
  • clothespins (preferably plastic with flat surfaces),
  • and also some other little things, which will be discussed below.

And most importantly, you need a sincere desire to make a layout!

Here we will consider the production of a model on a ready-made chassis. As a donor, you can use cars from the TT-model or VTTV.

When producing any model, reference materials are required in the form of drawings and illustrations of the modeling object. To save time, I also used the DMV from the TT model.

So, let's begin. If a drawing is used, then all dimensions must be recalculated to the appropriate scale, in my case - 1:120. Next, on a sheet of cardboard, you should draw a basic layout of the car WITHOUT a roof (the result should be an elongated parallelepiped without a floor) ( Rice. 1).

On it we draw everything that should be on the walls of the car, i.e. windows, doors, lines where there should be stiffeners, etc. After everything is drawn, we cut through all the windows with a knife.

Now it is necessary to increase the rigidity of the future body– on the back side you need to glue a second layer of cardboard with already cut windows onto the walls so that the windows coincide with each other ( Rice. 2).

Since cardboard has a bad tendency to swell when wet, you don’t need to spread a lot of glue, but quickly and thinly spread one side and immediately press it firmly and put it under a press.

Now let's deal with the stiffeners. They are made from threads that are glued along the drawn lines: first, an adhesive strip is applied, onto which the thread is then applied and pressed with a finger. The idea is to saturate the thread with glue and remove excess glue from the surface. Once all the ribs are glued on, it's time to outline the doors. To do this, cut a thin groove along the contour of the door with a knife. After this, we coat the cut out contours of the doors and the already glued threads. When everything has dried, you need to carefully walk over the surface of the threads with fine sandpaper and coat it with glue again. During all coatings, we try to leave as little glue as possible so that unnecessary irregularities do not come out later. Handrails are made from thin strips of cardboard.

Now it's time to start assembling. We press down the folds on the reverse side with scissors. Then we cut it out, carefully bend it and glue it together ( Rice. 3).

Carefully sand the rough protruding cardboard in the gluing areas.

Roof. To get the roof of the desired shape, you first need to create a parallelepiped from layered cardboard, the height of which is equal to the height of the roof itself (usually painted gray). The width and length should be 1 and 2 mm greater than the width and length of the car blank, respectively (these are approximate figures). This is necessary so that after gluing the roof (by the way, it is also advisable to glue it using a press), it can be sanded on the sides and thereby adjusted to the size of the car. Next, the roof needs to be given a convex shape - to do this, draw the roof profile from the ends and cut off the excess longitudinally. After this, we sand first with coarse sandpaper, and then with fine sandpaper. After this, coat the roof with glue and wait until it dries. We process with fine sandpaper and repeat the operation. Now you can glue the roof. If you can find something to hold it down with while it dries, that will be good. If the original has stiffening ribs on the roof, they are made in a similar way using threads. We coat the junction of the roof with the body with glue. After this, air intakes can be attached to the roof. We glue cardboard at the ends of the car to hide the joint, although, depending on the situation, you can do without it. Using toothpicks, transitional soufflés are made ( Rice. 4).

Let's talk a little about the insides. First you need to make a floor from 2-3 layers of cardboard. Next, we mark on it a diagram of the partitions, which, after cutting, we “put” on glue. The total height of the interior with the floor should be selected taking into account the height of the chassis. We glue the upper shelves to the walls, but the lower ones will most likely have to be glued to the floor. After this, a strip of cardboard 1 cm wide and 2 cm long less than the length of the car is glued on top of the partitions.

Now you can paint. It is advisable to use water-indelible paints. You can use aerosol, regular oil or special model paints. Next we use tape and brushes of different sizes to obtain the desired color.

When everything is dry, we glue strips of transparent plastic on the inside of the walls of the car using double-sided tape. From the inside, we stick double-sided tape onto the roof, and then press the insides of the car to it. We again glue double-sided tape to the floor of the car from below and press the chassis to it ( Rice. 5).

The car is ready!

Watch also the video on how to make a freight car out of cardboard.