Tulip (Tulipa). Description, types and cultivation of tulips. Tulip plant: botanical characteristics and structure Use in cooking

Turbans grow on the ground. An apparent slip reveals the essence of the name of tulips. Their homeland is Central Asia. In the East, they noticed the similarity of flower buds with the headdresses of Turkmens, Uzbeks and other peoples of the region.

So the plant was nicknamed a turban, gradually transforming into a tulip. By the way, the first records about the flower belong to the Persians. At the beginning of the 20th century, the country was renamed Iran, and its citizens were renamed Iranians. The change of names did not affect the reputation of the tulip. In the East it is revered as a sacred flower. In Turkey, for example, the tulip is similar to the lotus in China.

Description and features of tulips

Tulip flowers classified as a member of the lily family. All plants in the group have underground bulbs. In tulips they live for 2.5 years. During this time, the rhizome forms daughter bulbs that continue its genus.

New rhizomes are located under the main one. The aboveground part of the flower lives only for a year. Therefore, tulip bulbs are dug up and stored until the next warm season.

Tulip bulbs are round. Under the peel there are from 1 to 6 lobes. They are fleshy, saturated with moisture and nutrients necessary for hatching a new one. flower. Live tulips produce brown, reddish and almost black bulbs.

Coloring depends on the species. At the bottom of the onion there is always a roller, a kind of bump. It contains the rudiments of the roots of future flowers. The element is called the root roller.

Tulips in the photo appear as plants with a height of 15 to 90 centimeters with lanceolate leaves. They are elongated and sparse. Typically, there are 2-4 leaves on a straight and dense stem. They do not rise above the middle of the trunk.

Almost reaching the buds, the greenery frames their beauty, which lies in the correct shape of a flower with 6 petals. This is a familiar description of a tulip, although there are also multi-flowered species. However, we will talk about this in a separate chapter.

Looking inside the tulip buds, we see stamens alternating with rings of perianth petals. The anthers of the stamens are attached to their filaments by their bases and are colored yellow. Less common, found beautiful tulip flowers with black and purple anthers.

The turban-shaped shape of tulip buds has been expanded by breeders. Funnel flowers, glasses, and bells appeared. Withering after pollination, they form capsules. These are the fruits of the plant.

Inside the boxes are seeds that resemble triangles with rounded corners. The grains are flat, dark brown. Flower embryos are visible through the seed coat. They are viable. Tulips are propagated by seeds just like bulbs. In some varieties the box exceeds 10 centimeters in diameter.

Types of tulips

Botanists have counted 110 species of tulips. Several wild ones, for example the Schrenk flower, are listed in the “Red”. The remaining species are actively selected. The Dutch are especially attentive to tulips.

When the oriental flower came to their country, it became worth its weight in gold. It is not surprising that it was in Holland that terry tulips, black, purple, striped, dwarf and giant, were bred.

All of them are divided into early, mid and late flowering. The latter include 6 groups. The first of them is Darwin's tulips. First flowers they appear at the end of May. These are large, goblet-shaped buds. Darwin varieties account for 15% of the group.

Bouquet of flowers from tulips Gardeners also form lily flowers in late spring. The buds are similar to glasses, but differ in rounded perianth petals.

Such tulips in the group account for 30% of the mass. Another 16% are cottage varieties. Their appearance is classic and they bloom in early June. Description of the tulip flower Rembrandt, on the contrary, is a rarity.

The group's varieties account for only 1.4%. The artistic name is associated with the variegated color of the petals. The name of the next group says a lot. Parrot tulips are colorful and their petals are wavy like feathers. The group's varieties account for about 4%. Another 3% is occupied by double plants.

The mid-flowering category includes 3 groups. Plants from all 3 bloom buds in the first half of May. Growing tulips Mendel produces 3% of flowers from their total mass. The varieties of the group have cup-shaped buds.

Triumph tulips have flowers that look like wide glasses and occupy 20.6%. The buds of the group's varieties reach 10 centimeters in diameter. Darwin hybrid tulips are close to this indicator. Large, goblet-shaped buds of class varieties are distinguished by their decorative effect.

Early varieties bloom in April. In greenhouse conditions they grow to March 8. Tulip flowers early varieties are divided into 2 groups. The first one is simple. Their buds are spherical. The share of the group is 3.8%. 5.9% are early terry varieties

The missing percentage refers to wild species. The earliest of them are Kaufmann tulips. Essentially this is . They account for 2.4%. Foster tulips are the largest in nature, reaching 14 centimeters in diameter.

Of the total mass, the flowers of the group occupy 3.5%. 9% are from Greiga tulips. They stand out with open buds. The petals are pointed and bent outward. Speckled or striped colors add decorativeness. Meet in the group yellow tulips, flowers red and white.

There remains a few percent for the combined group of wild species that do not fit other classifications. Together with cultivated ones, forest and steppe tulips comprise more than 10,000 varieties.

The breadth of selection makes classification difficult. It is difficult, for example, to distinguish clear groups based on the shape of the buds. Of the unambiguous divisions, let us recall single- and multi-flowered plants. The latter have alternative names: bouquet and multi-stem.

All stems grow from 1 bulb. Historically, the varieties of the group are late. But over the past decades, mid- and early-flowering varieties have been developed. The problem with plants of the class is rapid degeneration. Bulbs produce many stems and buds only in the first year. Afterwards, they decrease, as does their number.

Growing tulips

The short-term beauty of bouquet tulips requires careful selection. For the 2nd cycle, only plants obtained from bulbs with a diameter of 4 centimeters will be enough. Others often “don’t last” and just bloom, or produce blind buds.

This is what unopened tulips are called. Loose and moist soil can help them bloom. This is exactly what tulips like. Even flowers from large and strong bulbs do not bloom in heavy and dense soil. Fertilizers are powerless against this.

In terms of Ph, tulips tend to be neutral and slightly alkaline soils. Sour ones are unacceptable. In terms of soil fullness, flowers with tube-shaped buds love turf and an abundance of organic matter. Taking this into account, we are preparing the land for planting.

If necessary, add humus or lime. River sand is also added to clay soils. It loosens the substrate and prevents it from sticking together. The density of the earth blocks the access of oxygen. Without it, the bulbs go into hibernation and do not sprout.

In addition to soil, tulips are demanding of light and afraid of winds. Accordingly, they are planted in sunny and poorly ventilated places. However, they also destroy tulips if groundwater reaches 50 centimeters to the surface. The bulbs become wet and rot.

Another risk when growing tulips is disease. Most of them are of the same type as bulbous and nightshade crops. These are bad predecessors for tulips.

Flowers should not be planted on soil cleared from onions and other lilies. The remaining lands require disinfection, but are initially safer.

When selecting bulbs for planting, we take into account not only the size, but also their appearance. We sweep away the spotted and wrinkled ones. The same goes for tulip seeds. To be sure, we place the planting material in a disinfectant solution.

You need a 0.2 percent foundation. It takes an hour to disinfect. Afterwards, we wipe, dry the bulbs and plant them at a distance of 10 centimeters from each other. The depth of planting the bulbs is also 10 centimeters.

Leave half a meter between the rows. These are indentations for medium-sized bulbs. By planting large rhizomes in the ground, you can deepen them by 15 centimeters, leaving the same amount between plants and increasing the inter-row distance to 45 centimeters.

It has already been said that tulips are grown from daughter bulbs. They are separated after the plants wither. Usually this is July. The bulbs are dried in the fresh air for a couple of days. The rhizomes are hidden from the rain, as well as from the bright sun.

Drying is completed by clearing the soil and roots. This is followed by sorting and two-week storage at 20 degrees Celsius. The next 3 weeks you need 15 degrees, and then 9-10. When the air humidity is about 80%, the bulbs will lie safely until planted in open ground or a greenhouse.

It is also advisable to keep planting material in the dark. Therefore, bulbs are stored in cellars and compartments under window sills. Efforts seem insignificant when you see what color are tulip flowers blossomed. Among snowdrops, they stand out for their brightness and richness of petals. The paint enhances the waxy shine.

Caring for tulips and their price

Except for preparing the soil and choosing a planting site, tulip requirements are minimal. In nature, they grow in forests and fields, “climb” mountains, and tolerate frosts.

In a garden or greenhouse, you just need to loosen the soil and monitor watering after the plants have flowered. This is the period of formation of daughter bulbs. It takes 2 weeks. During drought, the formation of planting material will slow down or not occur at all.

The shape of the cut also influences the formation of tulip bulbs. For bouquets, flowers are taken with 1 or 2 leaves, leaving a couple on the stem. Fading buds are cut off.

An exception is growing tulips for seeds. Then, they wait for the capsule to form, sacrificing quality bulbs. The Turks often propagated tulips from seeds.

They are recognized as the first plant breeders. Before the Dutch, the Turks managed to develop more than 300 varieties. Accordingly, there are chances to plant flowers “born” back in the 16th century.

With this in mind, the Turks recognized the tulip as a symbol of their country. The Dutch also included them in the “state signs”. The first tulips were brought to the country in 1570 from Turkey.

In Holland there are even tulip quotes. Flowers are traded on the Haarlem Stock Exchange like gold, platinum and shares. It is documented that the flower was sold for 30,000 florins.

The man gave up the pub for a tulip. Modern price tags are reasonable. Even for the long-awaited black tulip, bred in 1986, they did not give beer bills. Bulbs sell from 6 to 130 rubles per piece.

Cut flowers sell from 40 rubles apiece. The most expensive remains the black tulip. They are asking 20 dollars for it. There are also potty offers. The minimum price tag for them is 200 rubles, and the maximum is about 2,000.

Tulips are a symbol of warm, sunny spring. They are grown in private gardens, in suburban areas, in small flower beds in order to somehow brighten up the dull city landscape, and are also bred on an industrial scale. The birthplace of this plant is Central Asia, and its name translated from Persian means “turban,” which the flower itself resembles. The tulip was sung by many Persian poets; even Hafez himself mentioned this beautiful flower in his works. The Turks also had a special love for tulips - the Sultan's wives bred them to prove their love to their master.

Plant characteristics

Tulip is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant belonging to the Liliaceae family. Its height can be 10-100 cm. The root system is adventitious roots that appear annually from the bottom of the bulbs and die off every year.

The stem is cylindrical, erect. The leaves have a slight waxy coating, which is why their green color has a slight bluish tint. The shape of the leaves is elongated; they are arranged alternately on the stem - from the largest at the bottom of the stem to the smallest at the top. A flower is formed at the end of the stem, and in multi-flowered species there can be 3 or more of them.

The flowers are of regular shape, the perianth consists of 6 leaflets, six stamens, their anthers are somewhat elongated. Varietal plants are distinguished by a brighter, one might even say catchy, color - purple, violet, snow-white, almost black.

On a note! There are species whose flowers have several shades at once.

In the next photo you can see the tulip in full expansion.

The shape of the flower will depend on the plant variety, which can be:

lily-shaped;
goblet;
cup-shaped;
peony-shaped;
fringed;
oval;
star-shaped, etc.

Its size, in turn, will be variable, which also depends on the variety. The length of the flower sometimes reaches 12 cm, while its diameter can vary from 3 to 10 cm, and when the bud is fully opened, even 20 cm.

Bulbs

Young tulip bulbs form side shoots that grow in different directions or vertically downwards. At the end of the shoot, a daughter bulb is formed.

The bulb is a rather complex organ, which is entrusted with several responsibilities: vegetative renewal, reproduction, and it is also a storage organ of the plant. It consists of a modified stem - the bottom, and specialized leaves. The outer cover is protective scales, as well as the remains of last year's shoots and the mother bulb.

On a note! The mass of the bulbs may vary depending on the tulip variety and is not a defining feature. The same goes for its shape, size and color.

In wild conditions, the depth of the bulb can be about 50 cm, and its lifespan is 22 months. Garden forms “live” 2 months longer. In the first year of its life, the bulb is a bud located inside the mother bulb, and only the next summer the “adult” bulb dries out and the daughter bulbs begin to develop. The main young bulb is called a replacement bulb, and the small ones that develop in the axils of the scales are called children.

In summer and autumn, the development of the rudiment of a future shoot with a flower begins inside the young bulb, and the formation of buds of future bulbs also occurs there. After winter, the bulb goes through a flowering period, during which it lays a new generation of bulbs, after which it dies.

Taxonomy of the genus tulip

The tulip is characterized by natural variability, which is why it is not possible to accurately systematize its species. In total, the register includes about 2,500 varieties and species, but the taxonomy is subject to constant revisions right up to the present day.

Today we will look at the varieties of tulips according to the latest classification.

The first group - early flowering

The group of early flowering tulips includes:

The first class - simple early ones - are medium-sized plants, the height of which can reach about 30-40 cm, the flowers are non-double, presented in a cup-shaped or goblet shape, such tulips are colored red or yellow. The flowering period is considered early compared to representatives of the group of tall late tulips.

The second class - early double tulips - have a low stem, the height of which can reach only 35 cm, the flowers have a pleasant warm shade - red or yellow, when fully opened, the diameter of the flower is 10 cm. The flowering period is quite long.

Terry variety of tulips

Second group - medium flowering

The second group includes:

Tulips of the third class Triumph - they are characterized by the following characteristics: peduncles from 40 to 70 cm, their flowers are quite large and goblet-shaped. The color can be varied: from snow-white to rich dark purple.

Tulips "Holland Queen"

Fourth class - Darwin hybrids - peduncle height from 60 to 80 cm, flower diameter about 10 cm, color red, very rich, pure. These varieties are frost-resistant and also resistant to the variegation virus.

Darwin Hybrids include varieties Big Chief, Apeldoorn, Vivex

The third group is late flowering

The third group is tulips:

The fifth class - simple late - have a powerful stem about 60-75 cm high. Their flowers are goblet-shaped, large, with a square base, blunt-pointed petals. The color can be different: from white to black, all shades of pink, red, burgundy. There are also two-color varieties. They reproduce very well.

Tulips “Queen of Night”

The sixth class - Liliaceae - have graceful goblet-shaped flowers, their petals are pointed and slightly bent, the arrow is 50-60 cm high, the color can be varied.

Lily tulips "Dyanito"

The seventh class - fringed - the origin of the varieties included in this class is different, but they all have one characteristic feature - these are small needles along the edge of the petals, forming a fringe. These plants reach a height of 60-80 cm. Fringed tulips can have colors from white to purple and even dark chocolate.

On a note! The shape and size of the flower will depend on the species used to breed the variety!

Fringed tulips "Hamilton"

Eighth class - green-flowered - these plants are distinguished by the green back of the petals, and this color remains throughout the entire flowering period.

On a note! Today, varieties belonging to the eighth class are the most popular and in demand!

The stem can reach 30-60 cm in height, the length of the flower varies from 6 to 10 cm, the leaves are narrow;

Green-flowered tulips "Virichic"

Ninth class - Rembrandt - this class is small in number and unites variegated varieties. Plants of these varieties have large, goblet-shaped flowers, their length is from 7 to 9 cm, the color is white, red or yellow with streaks or spots. The height of the stem is between 40-70 cm.

Tenth class - parrots - perhaps the most exotic plants. Their petals resemble a bird's wing with ruffled feathers. The diameter of the flower when open can reach about 20 cm. The height of the peduncle is up to 65 cm. The color palette ranges from white to red-black.

Parrot tulips "Texas Flame"

The eleventh class - late double - have densely double flowers, which are represented by a peony shape. The height of the peduncle reaches from 45 to 60 cm. The flowering period begins later than that of double tulips. The color of the flowers can be different; there are also two-color varieties.

Terry late tulips "Casablanca"

The fourth group - botanical and species

Twelfth grade - Kaufman - the flowering period begins earlier than in other groups. Their stem is low - about 15-25 cm, but at the same time their flowers are large, elongated, star-shaped when open, different colors, most often these tulips are two-colored. The leaves have stripes and specks;

Kaufman tulips “Stresa”

Thirteenth class - Foster - with a small peduncle height - up to 50 cm, they have large elongated flowers - about 15 cm, their shape is goblet or cupped. The color is red or red-orange, there are varieties with flowers in yellow and pink shades. The leaves are fleshy, lightly wavy, and may have purple streaks.

Foster's tulips "Pirand"

Fourteenth class - Greiga - these tulips are low-growing - no more than 30 cm in height, the flowers are large with a wide base, the petals are slightly bent back. Color - all shades of red, there are varieties with two-color flowers. The leaves are speckled.

The fifteenth class is botanical - these include all species growing in the wild, in other words - wild growing. Such tulips have a short stem length, are early bloomers, and come in a variety of colors. There are varieties of both single-flowered and multi-flowered tulips.

Multi-flowered tulips

I would like to talk about multi-flowered tulips in more detail. These plants are the most intriguing creation of breeders. Their flowers are incredibly beautiful, which is why they win more and more fans every year, but at the same time, the “obstinate” nature of these tulips often disheartens not only amateur gardeners, but even specialists.

Multi-flowered tulips are also called bush, bouquet and multi-stem. Their peculiarity is the presence of several flowers that are formed from just one bulb, and to create this “miracle” the breeders put a tremendous amount of effort.

But with insufficient care, the next year the harvest will be meager - at best, 2-3 “sad” flowers, more often - one in the company of blind buds.

On a note! In their catalogs, suppliers of multi-flowered tulip bulbs call them ideal for cutting. However, florists do not think so. Just one glance is enough to see that the additional flowers are far from being as large as the apical ones.

These tulip varieties look best in flower beds as they are ideal for group planting. They create a dense and very bright spot of color and look original both with small-bulb plants and with traditional single-flowered tulips.

Tulips are an ornamental flowering plant that is widely distributed in various fields. Its leaves are elongated, wide, and green. Flowers come in different shapes, colors and sizes depending on the variety. Their color can be either monochromatic or have many different shades (red, yellow, white, pink). Tulips are the most popular as beautiful decorative flowers, but in addition to being used in floriculture, they are also often used in cosmetology, cooking, and medicine. These plants are also famous for their many beneficial properties. We will talk about this in this article, including the harm of tulips and their use for various purposes.

The benefits of tulips

Tulips are not only decorative and medicinal flowers, but also edible, which makes it possible to prepare various infusions from them for medicinal purposes. These flowers do not contain toxic substances, so all their parts can be used.

Onions, for example, contain starch and sugar. Their leaves are used as ingredients for various dishes, even fresh, after treating them with vinegar in small quantities so that there is no bitter aftertaste. Tulips are also used in medicine, for example, to treat skin diseases. Tulip petals, which begin to be harvested when the plant is still blooming and the weather is dry, are considered useful. It is recommended to dry the petals under a canopy, after which they should be wrapped in paper packages and transferred to a dry room. You can store the petals in this way for about two years.

Tulips are useful due to their fiber, starch, and glucose content. They also contain many useful elements: vitamins A, B, C, organic acids, magnesium, potassium, etc. Scientists have proven that they contain tulopizides, which serve as fungicides and allergens.

Harm of tulips

Before using tulips for medicinal or culinary purposes, you need to know that only the “edible” types are useful. Under no circumstances should you use the “Gunter” and “Gesmera” varieties, because they are toxic and very dangerous to health. If they are consumed orally, the body will become intoxicated, which can lead to death. The bulbs of the plant contain allergens. If you frequently come into contact with these flowers, dermatitis may begin to develop, due to which a person will feel itching, the skin will peel, and the nails will crack and peel off. It is prohibited to consume tulips during pregnancy, breastfeeding and children. Tulips are especially dangerous for children, because... their digestive system is not yet fully formed, and the substances contained in tulips can harm the child’s health, in particular his digestive system. When the gastrointestinal tract is fully formed, you can use varieties that are non-poisonous and do not contain toxins. It is best to prefer those tulips that you grow yourself, have not treated them with chemicals and are confident in their benefits both for yourself and for the child whose gastrointestinal tract is formed.

Application of tulips

As mentioned earlier in the article, tulips are used for various purposes: decorative, medical, and in cosmetology.

Cooking

Nowadays, we have already come up with many ways to use tulips in cooking for various dishes. They are used not only for decoration, but also as one of the ingredients. For example, in France they prepare desserts from flower petals, mainly adding a lot of sugar. Flowers are used to prepare not only sweets, but also hot dishes. Fish or meat is often prepared by adding aromatic parts of the plant. The petals are most often used in salads, and various tinctures or liqueurs are also prepared from them. You can make your own fresh spring salad from tulip leaves, onions and vinegar. You can also eat plant bulbs: baked (taste similar to potatoes); fried onions with baked petals. Parts of tulips, for example petals, are used to decorate dishes (cakes, pastries, meat, fish). Let us remind you that not all varieties of tulips can be used for food, but only those that do not have toxins and have not been treated with chemicals.

Cosmetology

Tulips are also often used in cosmetology, where they are no less common than in cooking or medicine. In Japan, for example, they are used to prepare a lot of products for the body and face: masks, tonics, creams and others. Tulips contain active elements that have a beneficial effect on the condition of the skin: they have moisturizing, nourishing and smoothing effects. Tulip cosmetics also have an antioxidant effect, cleanse the skin and eliminate wrinkles. Such products can remove oily shine and are recommended for everyone, regardless of skin type. Flower-based masks whiten facial skin and help remove freckles and age spots.

Medicine

Tulips are not used in traditional medicine, but they are widespread and are still used in folk medicine. Tinctures of tulips with alcohol are recommended for diseases of the oral cavity or nasopharynx.

In medicine, only those varieties that are considered “edible”, not wild, and those that have not been subjected to chemical treatment are used. With the help of tulips, remedies are prepared for the treatment of dermatitis and ulcers on the skin. They are used internally as infusions or decoctions. In China, it is recommended to use traditional medicines based on tulips to treat gastrointestinal tract, poisoning, tumors, or even diarrhea. For external use, medicines from tulips are used for burns, cuts, and wounds. Traditional medicine also recommends consuming tulips for cardiovascular problems, rheumatism, arthritis, arthrosis, and various skin inflammations.

Many species and varieties grow in city flower beds and on personal plots in the countries of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. These flowers easily withstand the climatic conditions of mountain, desert and steppe regions, dry summers and harsh winters.

Where did the word "tulip" come from?

In European languages, the name of the tulip flower came from the Ottoman-Persian dictionary. The word "tülbend" meant fabric for the national headdress. Later, this concept began to correspond not only to the material from which it was made, but also to the turban itself, which had an external resemblance to a flower. Probably, the borrowing occurred almost simultaneously in the countries of Eastern and Western Europe, therefore the Italian “tulipano”, the Polish “tulipan”, as well as the German “tulpe” and the Dutch “tulp”, which have lost the ending “an”, have a common root. The word tulip entered the Russian language as a free reading of the Polish name of the plant.

Tulip - description

Tulips are herbaceous plants that have a very short growing season.

Structure of a tulip

The morphological structure of the tulip includes:

Tulip bulbs ovoid or pear-shaped. The top of the bulb is covered with covering scales. In the external appearance of the bulb, a flattened bottom and a pointed apex are clearly visible. The size of the tulip bulb, color and shape of the scales differ depending on the species. Inside it there are special scales that supply the plant with nutrients. After all reserves are depleted, the tulip bulb dies, and several new ones appear in its place. The lifespan of a bulb under natural conditions does not exceed 2 years.
Tulip root, located at the bottom of the bulb. At the young seedling stage, the plant has one main root, which dies off after the first growing season. Subsequently, the tulip annually grows a new root system, consisting of many thread-like roots.
Stolon, which is a kind of underground stem of a plant. With its help, the annual vegetative propagation of tulip bulbs occurs. The stolon serves to bury the bulb bud into the ground, as well as to protect and nourish it.
Fruiting erect stem of a tulip cylindrical in shape, on which there are from 1 to 9-12 leaves. At the end of the season the stem dies. The height of the tulip stem depends on the type and variety of the plant and can be from 15 to 70 cm.
Tulip leaves, which have an elongated-pointed or elongated oval shape. They are located directly on the stem, tightly grasping it. Some species have comb-like projections on the leaf surface.
Tulip flowers, which consist of three inner and three outer petals. Hybrid tulip species may have more petals. Usually one bud is formed on one plant, although there are types of tulips that are characterized by the development of several buds. The shape of a tulip flower can be oval, star-shaped, cupped, double, goblet-shaped or fringed, and the color of the tulip can be single-colored, mixed or two-colored. The color of tulips depends on the combination of anthocyanins, carotenoids and flavonols - natural dyes. In healthy plants, the inflorescences are directed strictly upward, although some varieties of tulips have drooping peduncles.
Tulip fruit, which is a round, triangular box. Inside it are triangular or ovoid tulip seeds, which, after ripening, fall to the ground and are carried by the wind.

Kinds

Great Tulip - a perennial bulbous plant up to 45 centimeters high, with wide bluish-green leaves. The flowers are solitary, wide open, goblet-shaped, up to 14 centimeters in diameter, bright red with a black-violet center. The flowering period begins at the end of April.

Tulip hairy-stamen - a perennial bulbous plant up to 25 centimeters high, with linear smooth leaves of light green color. The flowers are solitary, up to 5 centimeters in diameter. Golden yellow tulips. Flowering begins in mid-April and ends in early May.

Kaufman Tulip - a bulbous plant with a stem height of up to 20 centimeters and wide leaves with dark veins. Single flowers up to 8 centimeters in diameter. The outer surface is yellow, the throat is raspberry-pink. The plant begins to bloom in mid-April, some varieties and hybrids already in early April after the snow melts.

Tulip is excellent - a perennial bulbous plant up to 30 centimeters high. The leaves are wavy, bent. The flowers are wide open, up to 14 centimeters in diameter, with narrow bright red petals and a yellow throat. The flowering period begins in early May and lasts on average 10 days.

Turkestan tulip - a bulbous plant with cup-shaped flowers up to 3 centimeters in diameter. The outer surface is greenish, the throat is yellow. The flowering period begins in April.

Bieberstein Tulip - a perennial bulbous plant with thin bluish-green stems up to 30 centimeters high. Bieberstein tulip bud drooping. The flower is wide open, star-shaped, golden yellow or white. Flowering in April – May. This type of tulip cannot be dug up for several years.

Greig's Tulip - plant up to 40 centimeters high. The flowers are solitary, large, bright, goblet-shaped. They bloom in late April – early May.

Tulip Foster – plants up to 30 centimeters high. The leaves of the Foster tulip are wide, slightly wavy along the edges. The flowers are large (up to 14 centimeters in diameter), solitary, of various colors. Used in the design of rock gardens. Flowering in late April - early May.

Gesner Tulip – small-growing plants, height 15-30 centimeters. The flower is single, red or yellow.

Dwarf tulip – plants up to 10 centimeters high. Leaves from 2 to 4, flowers usually 1-2. The color of the flowers is white, pink, lilac. Dwarf tulips are usually used in the design of rock gardens.

Lipsky Tulip - a bulbous plant 6-10 centimeters high. The leaves are deflected, edged with a reddish stripe. A single flower with a color ranging from light pink to purple. Flowering in May-June.

Schrenk's Tulip - plant up to 40 centimeters high. The leaves are curly, bent, widely spaced. The flower is solitary, broadly cupped, usually red, although there are varieties with a variety of colors.

Tulip hybrid - the combined name of more than 2.5 thousand varieties obtained by crossing several species.

In floriculture, a classification of tulips according to flowering time according to the shape and color of the flowers is also accepted. According to the international register, all varieties and types of tulips are divided into 4 groups, which, in turn, include 15 classes.

Early blooming tulips

Simple early tulips – rather short, hardy tulips that are resistant to adverse weather conditions. The color of the flowers is most often red or yellow. Early tulips bloom at the end of April.

Terry early tulips – low (up to 30 centimeters in height) tulips with large, up to 8 centimeters in diameter, bright double flowers.

Medium blooming tulips

Triumph tulips - plants up to 70 centimeters high with large goblet-shaped flowers of various colors - from white to purple.

Darwinian hybrids – very tall flowers, up to 80 centimeters high. The flowers are large, goblet-shaped, red or bicolor. Frost resistant.

Late blooming tulips

Simple late tulips – powerful plants up to 70-75 centimeters high. Flowers with a square base, blunt-pointed petals. Flower color can be white, black, pink, purple, there are two-color varieties. The class of simple late tulips also includes multi-flowered tulips (spray tulips) - bouquet flowers bearing up to 5 flowers on one peduncle. Late tulip blooms in the second half of May.

Lily tulips – plants up to 60 centimeters high. The flowers have a graceful elongated shape, reminiscent of lilies. The petals are narrow, pointed, bent outward. Lily tulips bloom from mid-May.

Fringed tulips - plants of the most varied heights and colors. Fringed tulips are distinguished by the presence of needle-like fringe along the edge of the petals.

Green tulips - usually medium or tall, with narrow leaves. A distinctive feature of green-colored tulips is green strokes, spots or stripes on the outside of the petal, which, as a rule, looks very impressive against a bright yellow, red, pink or white background. They bloom in the second half of May.

Rembrandt tulips - plants of varying heights with variegated, goblet-shaped flowers. Strokes, spots, stripes on a red, white or yellow background make these variegated tulips very impressive.

Parrot tulips - plants of various heights and colors, distinguished by a very exotic flower shape. The rugged, wavy, ‘disheveled’ petals of this class of tulips resemble a ruffled tropical bird. Flowers can also be huge in size.

Terry late tulips , orpeony tulips– distinguished by very large, bright, densely double flowers of various colors. Low resistance to rain and wind.

Wild species of tulips, their varieties and their hybrids (botanical tulips)

Kaufmann tulips, varieties and hybrids;
Foster tulips, varieties and hybrids;
Greig's tulips, varieties and hybrids;

Caring for tulips: watering and fertilizing flowers

Drained neutral or slightly alkaline soil with a high content of nutrients is suitable for growing tulip flowers. The plant prefers sunny and sheltered places from the wind. It grows well in one place without transplantation for 3-4 years, but it is recommended to plant it in a new place every year.

Before planting, tulip bulbs should be inspected and damaged planting material should be discarded. The fact is that the risk of disease in scratched bulbs is too great to plant them next to healthy ones. The planting material remaining after the inspection should be soaked in a 0.1% decis solution for about 15-20 minutes.

Watering tulips should be done regularly and abundantly, provided that the weather is warm. 3 weeks after flowering ends, watering is stopped. The soil between the plants is loosened and weeded.

The first feeding of tulips is carried out after the emergence of shoots (1 tablespoon of urea per 1 m2. The second time the soil is fertilized before the appearance of buds. The third feeding of tulips is necessary during the period of active formation of buds. The fourth occurs at the beginning of flowering. When caring for tulip flowers, fertilizers are used superphosphate, potassium sulfate and special fertilizers for flower plants.

Another tip for growing tulips: In the winter, the area is mulched, and in the spring the mulch is removed. You can also dig up the bulbs and store them in a cool, dark room. Tulips are propagated by bulbs. They are planted in autumn in holes to a depth 3 times greater than the height of the bulbs. The distance between them is 15-20 cm. They are sprinkled with earth on top and lightly trampled down. The soil is dug up and leveled 10 days before work, and when planting, wood ash, humus, and nitrophoska are added to it.

Tulips are affected by penicillosis, fusarium, bulbous and tulip sclerotinia, bacterial rot, gray mold, and variegation. The most dangerous pest for them is the bulb mite.

When digging and planting, it is important to feel the tulip bulbs, trying to lightly squeeze them in your palm. Soft ones that bend under finger pressure should be discarded and destroyed, as they may be affected by disease.

Medicinal properties

The medicinal properties of tulip flowers, as well as its other parts, have not been sufficiently studied to date. It is known that tulips contain fiber, sugar, and starch. Traditional medicine uses this plant to treat heart diseases.

Used in cosmetology tulip oil, which can be prepared at home. To do this, pour olive oil over the crushed petals of the plant and leave for 14 days. This product is excellent for treating rashes; after using the oil, facial skin becomes soft and velvety.

Use in cooking

In the culinary world of many countries, tulip flowers are a real delicacy. The floral trend in world cooking originates from England. In the country of Foggy Albion, starting from the 16th century, cookbooks contained recipes for flower syrups, salads, tinctures and even candied petals. Today, sweet petals are most popular in France.

Exotic tulip dishes can be enjoyed in establishments in the Netherlands. Tulips are valued not only as a dessert, but also as an excellent hot dish, which is obtained by frying their petals in batter. Tulips go well with fish and meat dishes.

One of the Vancouver restaurants has prepared a real “tulip menu”. In spring, in this restaurant you can taste asparagus and feta cheese with fried tulips, or a salad made from the shoots of this plant of the “Emperor” variety. The restaurant also serves coal fish with a warm salad with tulip flowers and sauce. The buds of these flowers in sauce taste like Brussels sprouts. For dessert, the restaurant offers a stunningly delicious pie with flower petals. The combination of tulips, whipped cream and lemon will not leave anyone indifferent.

At home, you can prepare an amazingly tasty dish called “ tulip petals in batter" For this dish you will need 3 large red flowers, 150 grams of flour, half a glass of white wine and the same amount of olive oil, a chicken egg, 5 grams of yeast. The flour is diluted with wine, then yeast and yolk are added to the mixture, and a little water is poured in. The mixture is thoroughly mixed and left to ferment for half an hour. Whipped egg white is added to the resulting dough, the petals are first dipped into the dough and then fried in boiling oil until golden brown. After frying, the petals should be dried on a napkin. The dish is served hot.

Tulip bulbs are also edible, they are baked in the fire, they taste like potatoes, only they have a sweet aftertaste.

The green leaves of the plant are great for making a vitamin salad. Young leaves are cut into strips and mixed with chopped green onions, and 1 tablespoon of vinegar is added to the salad. The salad is left for one hour in order to get rid of excess bitterness, then the vinegar is decanted and the salad is seasoned with olive oil.

Benefits of tulip flowers and treatment

The benefits of the tulip are known to Chinese medicine. Edible plant varieties are used in dermatology for the treatment of skin pustules and dermatitis For these diseases, the flower is consumed internally. In folk medicine, the plant is used knowing its tonic properties. Chinese healers recommend using this plant for diarrhea, tumors, and poisoning.

Harm of tulip flowers and contraindications

Tulips can cause harm to the body if consumed uncontrolled. It should be noted that there is a plant of the lily family called “Gunther’s tulip”. This species is very toxic and its use can be life-threatening.

Video

Tulip ( Tulipa) is a perennial flowering plant, belongs to the flowering department, class Monocots, order Liliaceae, family Liliaceae, genus Tulip.

Where did the word "tulip" come from?

Tulip - description, characteristics of the flower, photographs

Tulips are herbaceous plants that have a very short growing season. The morphological structure of the tulip includes:

having an ovoid or pear shape. The top of the bulb is covered with covering scales. In the external appearance of the bulb, a flattened bottom and a pointed apex are clearly visible. The size of the tulip bulb, color and shape of the scales differ depending on the species. Inside it there are special scales that supply the plant with nutrients. After all reserves are depleted, the tulip bulb dies, and several new ones appear in its place. The lifespan of a bulb under natural conditions does not exceed 2 years.

located at the bottom of the bulb. At the young seedling stage, the plant has one main root, which dies off after the first growing season. Subsequently, the tulip annually grows a new root system, consisting of many thread-like roots.

Stolon

which is a kind of underground stem of a plant. With its help, the annual vegetative propagation of tulip bulbs occurs. The stolon serves to bury the bulb bud into the ground, as well as to protect and nourish it.

Fruiting erect stem of a tulip

cylindrical in shape, on which there are from 1 to 9-12 leaves. At the end of the season the stem dies. The height of the tulip stem depends on the type and variety of the plant and can be from 15 to 70 cm.

which have an elongated pointed or elongated oval shape. They are located directly on the stem, tightly grasping it. Some species have comb-like projections on the leaf surface.

Tulip flowers

which consist of three inner and three outer petals. Hybrid tulip species may have more petals. Usually one bud is formed on one plant, although there are types of tulips that are characterized by the development of several buds. The shape of a tulip flower can be oval, star-shaped, cupped, double, goblet-shaped or fringed, and the color of the tulip can be single-colored, mixed or two-colored. The color of tulips depends on the combination of anthocyanins, carotenoids and flavonols - natural dyes. In healthy plants, the inflorescences are directed strictly upward, although some varieties of tulips have drooping peduncles.

Tulip fruit

It is a round, triangular box. Inside it are triangular or ovoid tulip seeds, which, after ripening, fall to the ground and are carried by the wind.

Types and varieties of tulips, names and photographs

A strict and clear classification of species included in the genus Tulip still does not exist. Most known systems are complex, intricate, and constantly changing. The most successful today is considered to be a horticultural classification that divides all 113 species of tulips and their countless hybrids into 4 main groups according to flowering time.

Early varieties of tulips (early flowering): names and photos

This group includes 2 classes of plants:

Simple early tulips

They are represented by flowers with small-sized bulbs and a peduncle height of up to 30 cm. The flowering period begins at the end of March. A prominent representative of this class is tulip variety Duc van Tol- a small plant with a peduncle height of up to 15-20 cm. The color of tulips is red with a yellow border, but there are subspecies with yellow, pink and purple buds.

The variety of tulips has become especially popular Candy Prince (Candy Prince) with lilac petals. The height of the peduncle is 30-50 cm.

Begins to bloom in May.

Terry early tulips

In terms of external features, early tulips are similar to the previous class, but differ in that they have characteristic double flowers, which when open reach a size of about 8 cm. The height of the peduncles does not exceed 20-25 cm. Interesting varieties of double tulips are:

- Tulip Monte Carlo

a plant with large double yellow buds, the size of which reaches 10 cm. The height of the strong ground stem is about 20 cm.

- Tulip Abba

the shortest tulip among all species, with a height of only 10 cm and beautiful red flowers. The flowering period lasts more than 15 days.

Mid-early (mid-flowering) varieties of tulips: description and photo

The group consists of 2 classes:

Tulips Triumph

A characteristic feature of this class are plants with a strong stem height of 40 to 70 cm and large, goblet-shaped flowers. The flowering period lasts from mid-April to early May.

One of the representatives of the Triumph class is the variety Blenda Flame (Blenda Flame. The color of tulips is milky with red-pink feathers, the flower shape is large, goblet-shaped. The height of the peduncle ranges from 40 to 60 cm.

Tulips Darwin hybrids

These are plants with a stem height of up to 60-80 cm and large cup- or goblet-shaped flowers; the size of tulips can reach 20 cm. They bloom from mid-April to early May.

One of the brightest varieties included in this class is the tulip Blushing Apeldoorn (Blushing Apeldoorn). The height of the stem does not exceed 65 cm, and the diameter of the bud is about 4 cm. The flower is orange-yellow.

Late varieties of tulips: description and photo

The group consists of 6 classes:

Simple late tulips

A characteristic feature of simple late tulips is the base of the flowers, which has a rounded square shape. Late tulips begin to bloom in May until early June. The height of the stem reaches 75 cm. The colors of the buds of simple late tulips have a wide range of colors. Among the representatives of the class there are multi-flowered varieties, one of which is the tulip variety Red Georgette (Red Georgette) , having up to 5 garnet-red, goblet-shaped flowers on a stem. Peduncle height up to 60 cm.

Lily tulips

They are characterized by a special shape of buds with long, pointed and curved petals. The height of the stem of the lily-flowered tulip ranges from 50 to 60 cm. Among the varieties included in the class, the tulip can be distinguished Ballada with magnificent goblet-shaped flowers of light purple color with a white edge. The peduncle does not exceed 55 cm.

Fringed tulips

A distinctive feature of this class is the presence of a thin fringe on the petals. The shape of the bud of a fringed tulip can resemble a flower or be goblet-shaped. The height of the stem reaches 80 cm. One of the tulips included in the Fringed class is the tulip Huis Ten Bosch. Its flower has a goblet-shaped outline, and the color of tulips is pink, with a large and thick fringe of the same color and a white bottom. The height of the stem does not exceed 55 cm.

Green-flowered tulips

The name of the class of green-flowered tulips was given by the peculiar outer color of the petals, in which there are areas of green color. The height of the peduncle is average and ranges from 40 to 60 cm. The original variety included in this class is the tulip China Town. The color of its cup-shaped bud is white-green, but as it blooms it acquires a pink tint. The height of the plant stem barely reaches 40 cm.

Parrot tulips

A distinctive feature of the flowers included in the class of parrot tulips are multi-colored wavy petals, on which greenish spots are visible. The diameter of a wide-open tulip bud can reach 20 cm, and the height of the stem can be from 40 to 65 cm. A unique variety included in the parrot class can be called the tulip variety Apricot Parrot (Apricot Parrot) with coral-cream goblet-shaped flowers and up to 8 cm in diameter.

Terry late tulips

Late double tulips are sometimes called peony or full tulips. The peduncles are quite tall and can reach 60 cm. The color of the buds of this type of tulip can be either one-color or two-color. The tulip is considered one of the most beautiful varieties Blue Diamond (BlueDimond) with large flowers of a juicy purple color and a stem height of up to 45 cm.

Other types of tulips: varieties and photos

This group includes 3 classes:

Kaufman tulips

Kaufmann tulips are the first to appear at the end of March and have decorative leaves with brown stripes. The height of the stem ranges from 8 to 32 cm. The flowers look like glasses or bowls, and when open they resemble a star. The color of tulips can be either monochrome or two-color. There are many different hybrids and varieties.

Foster's Tulips

Various varieties and hybrids of Foster tulips are characterized by rather short stems and very large flowers in the shape of a double thicket and up to 18 cm in size. Tulips bloom in early April. The leaves of the plants are fleshy, with streaks of purple.

Greig's tulips

These flowers are characterized by dark red patterns created by streaks and spots on the surface of the leaves. The bud of the Greig tulip is elongated, with sharp petals, painted in red, orange and beige tones. The height of the stem does not exceed 30 cm. This group includes the tulip with the largest flower - Greig's Orange Giant Sunset tulip.

Where do tulips grow?

In nature, tulips grow in the Central Asian region, which includes countries such as Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Pakistan, India, Nepal and China, as well as Mediterranean countries: Spain and Morocco, Italy and the Netherlands. Tulips are common on the Balkan Peninsula and in the rather harsh nature of the Scandinavian countries. Many species and varieties grow in city flower beds and on personal plots in the countries of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. These flowers easily withstand the climatic conditions of mountain, desert and steppe regions, dry summers and harsh winters.