Drum tool description for kids. The history of the drum set. Cylindrical drums and conical
Drum kit(drum set, drumkit from English. drumkit) - a set of drums, cymbals and other percussion instruments adapted for the convenient playing of a drumming musician. Commonly used in jazz, rock and pop music.
The individual instruments of the installation are played with drumsticks, various brushes and mallets. Pedals are used to play the hi-hat and bass drum, so the drummer plays while sitting on a special chair or stool.
Different genres of music dictate the stylistically appropriate composition of the instruments in the drum set.
Origin of drums and percussion instruments.
So, perhaps the first prerequisites for the appearance of drums were, surprisingly, we are people! So, when our great-great-grandparents lived in caves and fought for their lives on the hunt, they beat their chests, splashing out all their emotions - they generated a dull sound. But if you think about it, we are the drummers of our time, we also splash out these same emotions, only already playing the drums. Amazing, isn't it!?
Time passed, and people gradually learned to extract sounds from improvised things, devices resembling current drums appeared. It is interesting that the first drums were arranged in almost the same way as now: a hollow body was taken as the basis and membranes were stretched on it from both sides. The skin of animals was taken as the basis of the membranes and pulled together with their own veins, later with ropes, and in our time special metal fasteners are used.
The first mention of drums.
Most recently, in the caves of South America, scientists discovered rock paintings in which people beat their hands on objects resembling drums, and during excavations in Mesopotamia, one of the oldest percussion instruments was found, made in the form of small cylinders, there are suggestions that these events are more than 6000 years old. ad.
In addition, drums found in Moravia, Ancient Egypt and Sumer date back to 5000, 4000, 3000 BC respectively.
Since ancient times, drums have been used not only to create music and accompany various ritual rites, dances and ceremonies, they were also widely used as signaling instruments for transmitting messages during military processions and actions, and even as a warning of danger. The drum was the best instrument for such tasks because it was easy to make, it made a lot of noise, and its sound traveled well over long distances.
Compound
Drum kit
The standard drum kit includes the following items:
- Dishes:
- Crash is a cymbal with a powerful, hissing sound.
- Ride (ride) - a cymbal with a sonorous but short sound for accents.
- Hi-hat (hi-hat) - two plates mounted on the same rod and controlled by a pedal.
- Drums:
- The snare drum (snare drum) is the main instrument of the setup.
- 3 volumes: high tom-tom (high tom-tom), low tom-tom (middle tom-tom) - both are colloquially called violas, floor tom-tom (or just that, floor tom-tom).
- Bass drum ("barrel", bass drum).
1. Plates | 2. Floor tom-tom | 3. Tom-tom
4. Bass drum | 5. Snare drum | 6. Hi-hat
The history of the drum kit as a whole.
Looking at a standard drum set is it very difficult to understand how it came about? How did it become such a single mechanism for extracting sounds? As I said, I'm surprised myself; D
Therefore, in order to structure the information in your head, first consider the drum set not as a single whole, but in parts:
Bass drum.
What immediately catches your eye when you look at the drum set? That's right it's massive" barrel » =) or in other words, a bass drum, in itself it has a rather impressive size and a low sound.
For a long time, the bass drum was an element of various orchestral performances, and was used in military operations and marches.
In the 1500s, the bass drum was brought from Turkey to Europe, where it became very popular due to its powerful sound, and later it began to be used at various musical events.
Tom-toms and snare drum.
M Many people looking at tom-toms can say that these are the most ordinary drums, in part they are. Tom-toms appeared in Africa and they were called at that time tom-toms . They were made from hollow tree trunks, which served as the shell of the drum, and animal skins were used as membranes. The sounds made by tom-toms were used to put their fellow tribesmen on alert or to create a special state of trance during rituals and ceremonies.
But as for the snare drum, it is known that its prototype, which is often called a military drum, or a snare drum, was borrowed from the Arabs who lived in Palestine and Spain. In the future, it became an integral attribute during military operations.
The drum kit has changed a lot over time and is constantly changing. A significant role in the development is played by popular musical styles, famous musicians and designers, as well as the development of instrument production technology.
Jazz emerged at the end of the 19th century. Around 1890, drummers in New Orleans began to tailor their drums to suit the conditions of the stage so that one performer could play several instruments at once. Early drum kits were known by the short promotional name "trap kit". The bass drum of this setup was kicked or a pedal without a spring was used, which did not return to its original position after being hit, but in 1909 F. Ludwig designed the first bass drum pedal with a return spring.
In 1920, Gretsch began to manufacture drum bodies using multi-layered wood lamination technology. The first shells were three-layer, later this technology was improved: in the early 1940s, the company changed the structure and method of connecting the shells, this method is still used today.
In the early twenties, the "snowshoe" or Charleston was popular - a foot pedal consisting of two foot-sized plates with two cymbals attached to them. Around 1925, drummers started using "low boy" or "sock" cymbals. These paired cymbals were located on a short rod and were also controlled by the foot. In 1927, the first "high boys" or "high hat" appeared, allowing the performer to play it with both a pedal and sticks, or a combination of both methods.
In 1918, the first Ludwig "Jazz-er-up" drum kit went on sale. The set-up included a 24'x8' bass drum (with mallet and attached wood block), a 12'x3' snare drum, and an outboard cymbal. Drummers began to use customizable tom-toms, racks for mounting various instruments. In 1931, Ludwig and Slingerland began making die-cast drum fittings. The components of the installation were selected and developed, the assembly became better.
In 1935, Gene Krupa, drummer for Benny Goodman's orchestra, first began using a "standard" 4-drum kit made by Slingerland. The technique of playing developed, Jin performed for the first time as a full-fledged soloist of the orchestra.
In 1940-1960, another significant change occurs - jazz and rock drummers add a second bass drum to their kit. Around the same time, another event occurred: Chick Evans and Remo Belli independently invented plastic drum heads to replace leather ones. New heads made it possible to tune the drum more accurately, were not affected by the weather, humidity fluctuations.
In 1962-1964, Ringo Starr, as part of The Beatles, appeared on American television on The Ed Sullivan Show. Beatlemania began. Ludwig Drum Production Doubled
The next stage (1970-1980) is associated with the birth and development of hard rock. The musicians began to search for a new drum kit sound: they began to use toms without resonant heads, increase the depth of the drum and add new drums to the kit. The sound became louder, punchier. Drum recording technology began to develop widely. Drum synthesizers, drum machines appeared, but they could not replace live drummers.
The first double bass drum pedal was released by Drum Workshop in 1983. Now drummers do not have to use two bass drums, but just put one on and play it with two pedals at once.
1990 Pearl and Tama invent the RIMS Mounting System, which attaches the tom to the stand without drilling an additional hole in the drum. This avoids unwanted vibrations and an extra hole in the case.
Hi-hat and other cymbals.
In the early 1920s, the first prototype of modern hi-hat appeared, the so-called " Charlton Pedal "- a device that combines a foot pedal on a rack with small cymbals fixed on top. Other names" short boy " or " sock plates ».
However, this invention was very low and the plates were of small diameter, which in itself is very inconvenient, and already in 1927, an improved hi-hat model appeared, popularly called it " tall hats ».
Now the hi-hat stand is taller and the hi-hat cymbals are larger, allowing the drummer to play with his foot, hands, or a combination of performance options, which means complete freedom of action.
Against the backdrop of all this, more and more people began to get involved in playing percussion instruments. New people and new ideas, as a result, new types of cymbals began to appear, playing on which drum patterns were well “decorated”, experiments were carried out with various sizes and shapes of cymbals, and later alloys, thereby obtaining more and more new types of extracted sounds.
Bass drum pedal.
To this end, drummers and instrument manufacturers began to develop mechanisms that allow you to control the playing of the bass drum - for example, various levers controlled by hands or feet.
The first bass drum pedal, reminiscent of the modern one, was invented by William F. Ludwig in 1909. The invention made it possible to play the barrel more easily and quickly - there was some freedom of hands for concentrating on the snare drum and other instruments.
You will not believe! But the very first pedal was invented and patented as early as 1885 by George R. Olney.
Up to this point, a full performance required at least 3 drummers: one of whom played the snare drum, another to play the cymbals and a third to beat the bass drum.
Olney's device was a pedal that was attached to the rim of a bass drum, and a leather strap attached the base of the pedal to a ball-shaped mallet. By pressing the pedal, the strap dragged the beater behind it, which in turn beat the bass drum.
The history of pedals does not end there, already in 1909, William F. Ludwig and his brother Theobald patented a completely new pedal model for the bass drum, which forever changed the drum world.
It was the first raised-shaft floor pedal with unique features such as:
- return beater,
- direct drive system (in modern language - direct drive) pedal plates.
An additional beater for the cymbal, it was connected to the pedal, but it was possible to change its position to allow the drummer to play only the bass drum. In the future, other models of pedals appeared, such as Ludwig - Super Speed, New Speed (the use of bearings in the shaft began with them).
Drumsticks.
A few words about drumsticks. Drumsticks as such did not appear immediately - initially, the sound from the drums was extracted by hand. Later, they began to use drum sticks wrapped in thick cloth on one side.
Drum sticks as we see them now appeared not so long ago, only in 1963, when Everett " Vic» Firth (Vic Firth), seeing how uncomfortable and large they are, and often different in weight, proposed a new standard for sticks, distinguished by the fact that the sticks were made even and the same, both in size and weight, and it is important that each of a pair of sticks produced a sound of the same tonal coloring and timbre when struck.
Now the choice of sticks on the market is huge, every drummer can find a suitable pair of sticks for himself.
Kinds
Installations are conditionally divided in terms of quality and cost:
- sub entry- not intended for use outside the classroom.
- entry level- Designed for beginners.
- student- good for practicing, used by non-professional drummers.
- semi-pro- quality of concert performances.
- pro- the standard for recording studios.
- custom hand built drumsets- The best sound, look, wood, quality, attention to detail. Drum kits, assembled specifically for the musician.
According to the mechanism of sound extraction drum sets are divided into the following types:
Electronic drums Roland V-drums
Drum set muted for practice
Hydrogen Drum Machine
Sound extraction occurs due to air vibration created by the membrane and reinforced by the drum body.
ElectronicInstead of instruments, more compact and silent pads are used. The pad is similar to a cylinder, 6 to 12 inches in diameter, and 1 to 3 inches high, in which is located a sensor (or several) that “removes” the blow. The signals from the sensors are sent to an electronic module that processes shocks. The module can generate the sound itself or send MIDI data to the sequencer. It is convenient to practice electronic drums at home, as they are silent and it is possible to adjust the volume of the sound.
Electronic single-module
The implementation scheme is the same as in electronic drums. Only everything is implemented in one small case within 20x10x5 inches.
Acoustic with electronic componentsSound extraction is the same as in acoustic ones, however, sensors are attached to the membranes that convert the vibration of the membrane into an electrical signal, which can then be processed (recording, amplification, distortion). It is also possible to use the components of the electronic installation together with the acoustic installation.
TrainingThey look like electronic ones. Instead of pads, rubberized metal plates are used, or acoustic drums with silent heads and plugs. They do not have an electronic module and do not make sounds, since the main goal is training. Often used at home for activities that do not interfere with others. For training, you can use an electronic one with headphones, but the training set is much cheaper.
DigitalMost often, this is a set of MIDI sounds in special programs or hardware-software complexes (drum machine). Even those who don't know how to play drums can pick up a drum part and use it live or for recording. As a rule, all individual drum machines (one program) are of poor quality [source unspecified 1798 days] that's why there are special VST plugins for programs like Cubase or FL Studio. Currently the most advanced VST plugin is Superior Drummer.
The role of the drum set in music
The main function of the drummer as part of the rhythm section of a musical group is to create a rhythmic pattern (together with the bass guitar, keyboards). As a rule, drummers use repeatedly repeated figures. The basis of the rhythm is the alternation of a low sound of the bass drum and a high, sharp sound of the snare drum.
In addition to this main function, the drummer embellishes, emphasizes the main accents and changes in the melody. In this case, mainly cymbals are used, especially crash, or shot on the snare drum. Some pieces include drum solos, at which time the rest of the instruments fade into the background.
Mickey D, drummer of Motörhead, said in an interview:
On stage, the energy and the stage show itself are as important as the act of playing the instruments. Drumming is only part of being a drummer, you have to be a showman to be expressive, and I always remember that when I'm playing. The audience wants to see a show, not just a group of musicians performing some body movements.
Drum part differences in different styles
Jazz is distinguished by complex patterns, small breaks and sections of compositions specially reserved for solos.
drum parts rock more expressive, strong, with large breaks and energetic transitions.
For metal playing at high speed, using a blast beat, two bass drums or a double pedal is characteristic.
In styles such as progressive rock and progressive metal, drummers experiment extensively with time signatures, complicating meter and rhythm.
IN hip hop, rap the rhythm is often programmed with a drum machine or sampled.
IN pop music drums are used very limitedly, at the same volume and in perfect tempo.
Notation (notation in notes)
Initially, the drum set was notated in the bass clef. At present, a neutral key of two parallel vertical lines is commonly used. On a standard stave, the part of the drum kit can be written in various notations. Usually, at the beginning of each batch, a decoding of the location of the instruments and all the signs encountered is given. In some cases (quite often - in exercises), fingering is indicated - the order of alternation of hands during strikes. Below is the most common version of drum notation.
drums
Dimensions
Sonor 1007 drum set with Paiste 101 cymbals
Drum size is usually expressed as "diameter x depth", in inches. For example snare drums are often 14×5.5. Some manufacturers use the reverse order, depth × diameter, such as Drum Workshop, Slingerland, Tama Drums, Premier Percussion, Pearl Drums, Pork Pie Percussion, Ludwig-Musser, Sonor, Mapex, and Yamaha Drums.
Standard rock kit sizes are: 22" × 18" bass drum, 12" × 9", 13" × 10" rack toms, 16" × 16" floor tom and 14" × 5.5" snare drum. Another common combination is "fusion". It includes a 20" × 16" bass drum, 10" × 8", 12" × 9" rack toms, a 14" × 14" floor tom and a 14" × 5.5" snare drum. Jazz drum kits are often missing the 2 mounted tom.
Bass drum sizes also differ for different styles. In jazz, bass drums are used in small sizes, as the role of this drum in jazz is more of a placement of accents than a heavy beat. And for metal, hard rock, very large bass drums (often several) are used for a heavy, resonant tone.
Plate sizes are also measured in inches.
The smallest cymbals are splash (6-12 inches), the largest are ride (18-24 inches)
Date: 18-11-2015, 21:31
Briefly about History:
Drums existed in the ancient state of Sumer. It was about 2000 BC. During the excavations that took place in Mesopotamia, the first percussion instruments were discovered. They were cylindrical. The drum in the ancient world was used to give signals, and it also accompanied dances, rituals, and military campaigns.The drum came to Europe from the Middle East. Its prototype was borrowed from the Arabs in Palestine and Spain. The drum has a long history. Therefore, there are no drums today! They differ in shape, size and material.
In the Russian army, the drum was first mentioned during the capture of Kazan. It was 1552. At that time, tambourines, or as they are also called nakry, were popular among the Russian military. These are leather-covered copper boilers. Nakras were always tied at the saddle in front of the rider. They beat these drums not with drumsticks, but with a whip handle. Nakras were divided into large and small. Small tambourines were distributed to the heads of small detachments, and large ones were transported by horses, eight people beat them.
Drums have their own classification. They are divided into types.
Turkish drum (large). It is mostly double sided. It is struck with a large mallet with a soft tip. The sound of such a drum is muffled, quite low and very strong. Therefore, the big drum is designed for a single beat. It was first used in military processions, and then moved to the opera orchestra.
Small drum. This is an instrument with two leather membranes that are stretched over the lowest cylinder. Along this cylinder are strings. It is they who give the drum a roaring, rattling tone. Musicians, when playing the snare drum, mainly use fractions. They strike it with wooden sticks with small thickenings at the end. He was introduced to the opera orchestra not immediately, approximately in the 19th century. Today, the snare drum is the main instrument in jazz bands.
The bass drum is the largest of the drums. It has a very low sound. It is he who sets the rhythm, they adapt to him
What is the easiest way to get sound without the help of voice? That's right - hit something on what is at hand.
The history of percussion instruments goes back centuries. Primitive man beat out the rhythm using stones, animal bones, wooden blocks and earthenware jugs. In ancient Egypt, they knocked (played with one hand) on special wooden boards at festivities in honor of the goddess of music Hathor. Funeral rites, prayers against disasters were accompanied by blows to the sistrum - a rattle-type instrument in the form of a frame with metal rods. In ancient Greece, the crotalon or rattle was common, it was used to accompany dances at various festivities dedicated to the god of winemaking.
In Africa, there are "talking" drums that serve to transmit information over long distances in the language of rhythm and imitate traditional tone speech. In the same place, as well as in Latin America, rattles are currently common to accompany folk dances. Bells and cymbals are also percussion instruments.
A modern drum has a cylindrical wooden body (less often a metal one), covered with leather on both sides. You can play the drum with your hands, sticks or beaters covered with felt or cork. Drums come in different sizes (the largest reach 90 cm in diameter) and are used by musicians depending on what kind of sound they need to “knock out” - low or higher.
The bass drum in an orchestra is necessary to emphasize important places in the piece - the strong beats of the measure. This is a low sounding instrument. They can imitate thunder, imitate cannon shots. It is played with a foot pedal.
The snare drum comes from combat military and signal drums. Inside, under the skin of the snare drum, metal strings are pulled (4–10 in concert, up to 18 in jazz). When playing, the strings vibrate, and a specific crackling occurs. It is played with wooden sticks or a metal whisk. It is used in orchestras for rhythm tasks. The snare drum is a constant participant in marches and parades.
PUZZLES
It's easy to go hiking with me,
Fun on the road with me
And I'm a screamer, and I'm a brawler,
I am sonorous, round ... (drum).
He himself is silent
And they beat - grumbles ...
- Percussion instrument. The first prerequisites for the drum were human sounds. Ancient people had to defend themselves from a predatory beast by beating their chest and uttering a cry. Compared to today, drummers behave the same way. And they beat themselves in the chest. And they scream. An amazing coincidence. Years passed, humanity developed. People have learned to get sounds from improvised means. Objects resembling a modern drum appeared. A hollow body was taken as a basis, membranes were pulled on it on both sides. The membranes were made from the skin of animals, and pulled together by the veins of the same animals. Later, ropes were used for this. Nowadays, metal fasteners are used.
Where was the drum?
In Mesopotamia, archaeologists have found a percussion instrument, whose age is about 6 thousand years BC, made in the form of small cylinders. In the caves of South America, ancient drawings were found on the walls, where people hit with their hands on objects very similar to drums. For the manufacture of drums used a variety of materials. 
Among the Indian tribes, a tree and a pumpkin were excellent for solving these problems. The Mayan people used monkey skin as a membrane, which they stretched over a hollow tree, and the Incas used llama skin.
In ancient times, the drum was used as a signal instrument, to accompany ritual ceremonies, military processions and festive ceremonies. The drum roll warned the tribe about the danger, put the warriors on alert, conveyed important information with the help of invented rhythmic patterns. In the future, the snare drum acquired great importance as a marching military instrument. Drum traditions have existed among the Indians and Africans since ancient times. In Europe, the drum spread much later. It came here from Turkey in the middle of the 16th century. The powerful sound of a huge drum, present in Turkish military bands, shocked the Europeans, and soon it could be heard in European musical creations.
drum set
The drum consists of a hollow cylindrical resonator body made of wood (metal) or a frame. Leather membranes are stretched over them. 
Now plastic membranes are used. This happened in the late 50s of the 20th century, thanks to the manufacturers Evans and Remo. Weather-sensitive calfskin membranes have been replaced with membranes made from polymeric compounds. By striking the membrane with your hands, a wooden stick with a soft tip from the instrument produces a sound. By tensioning the membrane, the relative pitch can be adjusted. From the very beginning, the sound was extracted with the help of hands, later they came up with the idea of using drum sticks, one end of which was rounded and wrapped with a cloth. Drumsticks as we know them today were introduced in 1963 by Everett "Vic" Furse.
Over the long history of the development of the drum, a variety of its types and designs have appeared. There are bronze, wooden, slotted, huge drums, reaching 2 m in diameter, as well as a variety of shapes (for example, Bata - in the shape of an hourglass). In the Russian army, there were nakry (tambourines), which were copper boilers covered with leather. The well-known small drums or tom-toms came to us from Africa.
Bass drum.
When considering the installation, a large “barrel” immediately catches your eye. This is the bass drum. It has a large size and low sound. At one time it was used a lot in orchestras and marches. It was brought to Europe from Turkey in the 1500s. Over time, the bass drum began to be used as musical accompaniment.
Snare drum and tom-toms.
In appearance, tom-toms resemble ordinary drums. But this is only half so. They first appeared in Africa. They were made from hollow tree trunks, animal skins were taken as the basis for the membranes. The sound of tom-toms was used to call fellow tribesmen to battle or to put them into a trance.
If we talk about the snare drum, then his great-grandfather is a military drum. It was borrowed from the Arabs who lived in Palestine and Spain. In military processions, he became an indispensable assistant.
Dishes.
In the midst of the 20s of the 20th century, the Charlton Pedal appeared - the forefather of modern hi-hata. Small cymbals were fixed on top of the rack, and a foot pedal was placed below. The invention was so small that it caused everyone inconvenience. In 1927, the model was improved. And among the people she received the name - "high hats." Thus, the rack became higher, and the plates became larger. This allowed the drummers to play with both their feet and their hands. Or combine activities. Drums began to attract more and more people. New ideas poured into notes.
"Pedal".
The first pedal made itself known in 1885. Inventor - George R. Olney. Three people were needed for normal playing of the kit: for cymbals, bass drum and snare drum. Olney's device looked like a pedal that was attached to the rim of the drum, and a pedal was attached to the mallet in the form of a ball on a leather strap.
Drum sticks.
The sticks were not born immediately. At first, sounds were extracted with the help of hands. Later they began to use wrapped sticks. Such sticks, which we are all used to seeing, appeared in 1963. Since then, sticks have been made one to one - equal in weight, size, length and emitting the same tonalities.
The use of the drum today
Today, the small and large drums have firmly become part of the symphony and brass bands. Often the drum becomes the soloist of the orchestra. The sound of the drum is recorded on one ruler (“thread”), where only the rhythm is marked. It is not written on the stave, because. the instrument does not have a specific height. The snare drum sounds dry, distinct, the fraction perfectly emphasizes the rhythm of the music. The powerful sounds of the bass drum are reminiscent of either the thunder of guns or the booming peals of thunder. The largest, low-pitched bass drum is the starting point for orchestras, the foundation for rhythms. Today, the drum is one of the most important instruments in all orchestras, it is practically indispensable in the performance of any songs, melodies, it is an indispensable participant in military and pioneer parades, and today - youth congresses, rallies. In the 20th century, interest in percussion instruments increased, in the study and performance of African rhythms. Using cymbals changes the sound of the instrument. Along with electric percussion instruments, electronic drums appeared.
Today, musicians are doing what was impossible half a century ago - combining the sounds of electronic and acoustic drums. The world knows the names of such outstanding musicians as the brilliant drummer Keith Moon, the magnificent Phil Collins, one of the best drummers in the world, Ian Paice, the English virtuoso Bill Bruford, the legendary Ringo Starr, Ginger Baker, who was the first to use 2 bass drums instead of one, and many others.
