The use of pronouns in English table. We understand the pronouns of the English language - with examples and pronunciation. English pronouns with translation and pronunciation: meaning and transcription

Hello my dear readers.

If you are still a fan of asking questions, then the topic “Interrogative pronouns in English” may become one of your favorites. In it, my students and I analyze in detail what is used and for what. Therefore, today wait for examples, rules and exercises.

What is it?

Interrogative pronouns usually begin. That is, they are used to identify the person or subject of the action. The main words are who, what, which, whose. But we will analyze a couple more not so popular ones.

Total analysis

I have a table for you with a translation and transcription of all the pronouns that you can use in interrogative sentences. It will be understandable for both children and adults who are just starting to learn.

Pronoun	Example
Who- Who	Whowas that man who called you so late?- Who this the malewho called you so late?
What- What	Whatis the problem?- What behind problem? Whatdid you buy? -Whatdid you buy?
Which- which, which	Whichanswer is correct?- Which answer right?
When- When	When are you planning to finish the presentation? - When are you going to finish the presentation?
Whose- Whose, whose	Whosecar is this?- Whose This the car?
Additionally
whom- To whom	whomare you writing to?- To whom you write?
why- Why	why didn't’ t you call me? - Why didn't you call me?
Where- Where, whither	Wheredid your brother go?- Where went your brother?
How- How	Howdid you manage to do it in time?- how you coped with this in time?

Tips to learn

Of course, in general, everything is quite simple. But there are a few more features that you need to remember.

• in a modern English question, it is most often placed at the end of a sentence.

Who are you going to spend Christmas with?- Cby whom you gonna conduct Christmas?

With whom are you going to spend Christmas?

• If you don't know what to put: which or what- check if you have a choice. If, for example, you need to choose from 2 colors, then use which. If there is no choice - use what.

There is only red and green pencil. Which color do you prefer? - There are red and green pencils. What color do you like more?

What colors do you like the most? - What colors do you like the most?

• Very often in the language you can find forms how much or how many. And both options have the meaning "how much". The only difference is that the first form is used with items that cannot be counted. For example, time- time. The second form is with objects that can be counted. For example, pictures- paintings.

how much time does it takeHow much time This takes?

How many pictures did you buy? -How much paintings you bought?

• The pronoun whose is used more like an adjective. It is usually followed by a noun.

Whose doll is it? -Whose This doll?

Whose folder is this? -Whose This folder?

Well, my dears, I hope that I have covered all the ambiguities that you have in this topic. Of course, as without practice. It wouldn't be me if I forgot such an important part. Therefore, you will find further. And of course, I will not leave you in the dark - you can read the answers when you are done.

Share in the comments if you have any ambiguities in this lesson and what questions you have. I will definitely answer everything.

Until then, it's time to say goodbye.

See you soon, my dears.

Greetings, dear reader.

At the beginning of learning English, you can encounter so many things that are frightening and incomprehensible that it is not difficult to beat off all the desire to learn. But if you approach the issue correctly, you can achieve significant success. Today, so that the desire to learn does not run away, the lesson will be devoted to the topic from the very “basics”: “Pronouns of the English language”.

With experience, I came to the conclusion that any information needs to be sorted out. Therefore, I will give you everything in a table, with translation and even pronunciation.

Let's start, perhaps.

Personal pronouns

The first thing you should get acquainted with when learning a language is personal pronouns. This is what we use in speech every day. I, we, you, he, she, them, us, you... - all this forms the basis of any proposal. At the initial stage, 50% of your offers will begin with them. The rest will, of course, be nouns. You can see them clearly in the table below.

Possessive pronouns

« What's mine is mine! ”- or a story about how to understand what kind of word such “possessive” pronouns are. Mine, hers, his, theirs, ours - that's what is hidden behind this word. By the way, another 20% of your words will begin with these words: my mother- my mother,her dog- her dog.

By the way, if you thought that everything would end so easily, then you were cruelly mistaken, because we have not yet discussed absolute possessive pronouns.

You probably have a question, what is the difference. And the difference is that after these pronouns we do not use nouns. Let's look at an example:

It is my pen . - This is my pen.

The pen is mine. - This pen my.

The ball is his. - This ball his.

And notice that in sentences with possessive pronouns, the logical stress shifts to them side! The importance of who owns the thing comes first here!

Demonstrative pronouns

Often in speech it is necessary to use demonstrative pronouns. That, those, these, this - all these forms of pronouns are very often used both in written and in oral speech. Let's take a closer look at how we can use them.

reflexive pronouns

What are reflexive pronouns, probably, not everyone has heard. Somewhere in 3rd grade shocked schoolchildren begin to clutch their heads in search of an explanation. It is understandable, because in Russian we rarely use them, in principle, and after all, we are just starting to learn English.

If you still have questions that I could not answer in this tutorial, ask them in the comments. I if your thirst for knowledge requires more - subscribe to my newsletter. You will find regular and professional help in learning the language. For both children and adults, I have the most valuable and useful information from my experience.

See you!

P.S. Do not forget to complete the information received, and then you can take it by storm)).

	Nominative	Objective case	Basic form (before a noun)	Absolute form (no noun)	Singular: + self Plural + selves
	Singular
	I- I	me- me, me	my- mine, mine, mine	mine —	myself- myself, myself, myself
	you- you	you- you, you	your- yours, yours, yours	yours —	yourself- you yourself
	he- is he she- she is it- he she it	him- his her- her, her it- him, her, him, her	his- his her- her its-his her	his — hers — its —	himself- himself herself- she herself itself- he, she, it itself (oh, a)
	Plural
	we- we	us- us, us	our- ours, ours, ours, ours	ours	ourselves- ourselves
	you- you	you- you, you	your- yours, yours, yours, yours	yours	yourselves- you yourself
	they- they	them- them, them	them- them	theirs	themselves- they themselves

Personal

Personal pronouns:

• I- I
• you- you you
• he- is he
• she- she is
• it- he she it
• we- we
• they- they

Nouns in English do not have a gender category (in Russian, nouns are masculine, feminine, and neuter). In English, nouns denoting males (man, husband, son) are masculine, and the pronoun is used instead. he "he".

Nouns denoting female representatives (woman, girl, wife) are feminine, and the pronoun is used instead she "she". All other nouns (inanimate objects, as well as animals and birds) are neuter, and the pronoun is used instead it "it". In colloquial speech, the pronouns she and he can be used in relation to pets.

Pronoun I "I" is always written with a capital (capital) letter, regardless of whether it is at the beginning of a sentence or not.

Pronoun they is universal and is used to denote animate and inanimate nouns.

In English, unlike Russian, there is no pronoun "you". Only one form is used you, which, depending on the context and situation, can mean "you" or "you".

Possessive

Remember the forms of possessive pronouns in the singular:

• my- my
• your- yours, yours
• his- his
• her- her
• its- his, her (in relation to inanimate objects or animals)

Please note that the possessive pronoun its and the short form of the verb to be - it's (it is ...) are pronounced the same, but they are written differently.

Plural:

• our- our
• your- your
• their- them

Possessive pronouns indicate belonging to someone or something. These pronouns perform the function of defining the noun and always come before it. Compared to Russian, possessive pronouns are used much more often in English. Note that the article is not used before the possessive pronoun.

my e-mail - my email address
his address - his address
their profession - their profession

If the noun is in the plural, then the form of the possessive pronoun does not change and coincides with the singular.

my e-mail s-my email addresses
his address es-his address
their profession s- their professions

Refundable

In English, reflexive pronouns are used after some verbs. In Russian they correspond to:

• postfix - Xia (camping), which, joining the verbs, gives them a reflexive meaning, showing that the action passes to the protagonist of the sentence itself (subject);
• reflexive pronoun myself(to oneself, oneself);
• attributive pronoun myself(by itself, by itself, by itself).

Reflexive pronouns in English are formed from possessive pronouns by adding - self for singular and - selves for plural.

Singular

I'm looking at myself in the mirror. - I look camping(on yourself) in the mirror.

Not cut himself with a knife. - He cut Xia knife.

She only thinks about herself. She only thinks about yourself.

you → yourself

Be careful! Don't hurt yourself. - Be careful! He hurt Xia.

Plural

you → yourselves

Help yourselves. - Treat camping,

we → ourselves

When we go on holidays. — When we go on vacation, we always
we always enjoy ourselves. - rejoice Xia(lit. enjoy).

they → themselves

When they go on holiday. - When they go on vacation.
they always enjoy themselves. - they are always happy Xia.

If the reflexive pronoun is used with the preposition by, it means alone "one / one / one".

I usually go on holiday by myself. - I usually go on vacation. one / one.
He usually goes on holiday by himself. - He usually goes on vacation. one.
They usually go on holiday by themselves. - They usually go on vacation alone,

Mutual

This category includes paired pronouns each other and one another.

• each other- each other, one another
• one another- each other, one another

Traditionally it was thought that each other belongs to the group of two, a one another- more than two persons. However, in modern English this distinction is lost.

In both Russian and English, reciprocal pronouns can be used with a preposition. However in English the preposition is before double pronoun, and in Russian - between parts of these pronouns:

They know each other. - They know each other.
We call on each other. - We go friend to friend.
They seated close to one another. - They sat close to each other to friend.

Reciprocal pronouns can be used in the possessive form:

They got on each other "s nerves. - They got on each other's nerves.

Interrogative

Translation of interrogative pronouns:

• who- who
• whom- whom, to whom
• what- what, what
• which- which
• whose- whose

pointing

• this- this
• these- these
• that- that
• those- those
• such- such, such, similar
• (the) same- same, same
• it- This

these and those

We have already met with the demonstrative pronouns this "this" and that "that". In English, these pronouns are plural and become these "these" and those "those". In this case, the verb to be and the noun are also plural.

Note the difference in pronunciation of this and these. In the first case: this [ðɪs] is a short vowel, and at the end [s] in the second: these [ði:z] is a long vowel, and at the end [z].

These buildings are new. These buildings are new.
Those hotels are modern. Those hotels are modern.

Possessive

Possessive pronouns mine, yours

You are already familiar with the possessive case in English and possessive pronouns. But in English, possessive pronouns have another form that is used instead of a noun and avoids repetition, so the noun is not put after them.

Our idea is better than theirs(= their idea). Our idea is better than theirs (idea).

Remember the forms of possessive pronouns.

		yours, yours

Compare:

That's not my umbrella. my umbrella is green. / Mine is green.
This is not my umbrella. My umbrella is green. / Mine is green.

Whose money is this? — It's your money. / It's yours.
Whose money is this? - It's your money. This is yours.

You can also see the pronoun mine in an expression like: a friend of mine.

I went to the cinema with a friend of mine.
I went to the cinema with (my) friend.

indefinite

Use of a/an, some, any

You are already familiar with the indefinite article a / an and the pronouns some and any.

The indefinite article a / an is used with countable nouns, and it can be replaced by the numeral one "one".

I'd like a (one) cup of tea. I would like a cup of tea.
Can I have an (one) aperitif? May I have an aperitif?

The pronoun some is used with plural nouns and with uncountable nouns in affirmative sentences.

I'd like some coffee, please. I would like coffee.
We'd like some juice. We would like juice.

The pronoun some is also used in interrogative sentences that express a request or, conversely, a sentence.

Would you like some coffee, madam? Do you want coffee?
Could I have some apple pie, please? Can I have an apple pie?
Can we have some aperitifs? Can we have aperitifs?

The pronoun any is used in interrogative and negative sentences.

Do you have any cocktails? Do you have cocktails?
I'm afraid we don't have any cocktails. I'm afraid we don't have cocktails.

Please note that a / an, some, any are not translated into Russian.

quantitative

Pronoun one replaces the countable noun from the previous sentence. This is done in order to avoid repetition of the same noun. It's not a mistake if you use the noun itself, but native speakers will use the pronoun one. As a rule, the pronoun one is not translated into Russian, so do not confuse it with the numeral one "one". In this case, the pronoun is at the end of the sentence, and the numeral would be before the noun.

Pronoun:

Would you like some ice cream? Do you want ice cream?
Yes, I'd like vanilla one. — Yes, I would like vanilla. (Yes, I would like one vanilla)

Numerals:

Would you like some ice cream? - Do you want ice cream?
I'd like one vanilla and one chocolate ice cream.- I would like to one vanilla and one chocolate ice cream.

Determinants

Pronoun all"all, all" is used before a noun.

Was ill yesterday so he stayed in bed all day.
He was sick yesterday and stayed in bed all day.

The pronoun all in the meaning of "all" can be followed by a plural noun.

All his songs are popular.
All his songs are popular.

Pronoun every, used before a singular noun:

We go to Europe every summer.
We travel to Europe every summer.

Compound pronouns are also formed from the pronoun every: everybody "everyone, everything", everything "everything" and the adverb everywhere "everywhere". The pronouns everybody and everything are always used in the singular, although they can also be translated into Russian in the plural.

Everybody like chocolate. Everyone loves chocolate.
Everything is OK. Everything is good.
There are flowers everywhere. Everywhere flowers.

A pronoun is a word used instead of the name of an object (or its characteristics) and pointing to it.

For example:

Instead of "girl", we can say: "she".

Instead of "the dress I'm holding" we can say "this is the dress".

There are 5 main groups of pronouns in English:

1. Personal pronouns

2. Possessive pronouns

3. Reflexive pronouns

4. Demonstrative pronouns

5. Interrogative pronouns

Let's take a closer look at the use of these pronouns.

Personal pronouns in English

Personal pronouns are those words with which we replace the character.

The acting person may be:

1. Chief (answers the question "who?")

For example:

My friend is at work. She (replacing "my friend") will come in the evening.

personal pronouns that	Translation
I	I
You	you you
We	we
They	they
He	is he
She	she is
It	it

2. Not the main / secondary (answers the question “who?”)

For example:

My friend and I are going to the cinema. Friends invited us (instead of me and my girlfriend).

personal pronouns that replace the main character	Translation
me	I
you	you you
us	we
them	they
him	is he
her	she is
it	it

He invited me to the cinema.
He invited me to the cinema.

They sent her a letter.
They sent her a letter.

Possessive pronouns in English

Possessive pronouns reflect the belonging of objects and the relationship between them.

For example:

Possessive pronouns are of 2 types:

1. Those that are used together with the subject (answer the question “whose?”)

Possessive pronouns, used with an object	Translation
my	my
your	yours / yours
our	our
their	them
his	his
her	her
its	his/ee

2. Those that are used independently (without an object)

Such pronouns are used to avoid repetition in a sentence. After them, you do not need to put the subject, since they already mean it.

Possessive pronouns, used independently	Translation
mine	my
yours	yours / yours
ours	our
theirs	them
his	his
hers	her
its	his/ee

Their price is below ours.
Their prices are lower than ours.

My box is smaller than yours.
My box is smaller than yours.

Reflexive pronouns in English

Reflexive pronouns show us that a person performs an action in relation to himself. Why are they returnable? Because the action is directed at the one who performs it, that is, returns to him.

Such pronouns are used to show that:

• The action is directed at the person himself.
• The action was performed by the individual

In Russian, we most often show this with the help of -sya and -s, which we add to actions.

For example:

She cut herself (cut herself)

In English, there are special words for this, which are formed by adding a tail to the pronouns my, your, our, them, her, him, it:

• -self(if we are talking about one person/object);
• -selves(if we are talking about several people / objects).

Let's look at the table of these pronouns.

Singular
I I	myself me/myself
you you	yourself you/yourself
he is he	himself he/himself
she she is	herself she/herself
it it	itself it/itself
Plural
you you	yourselves you/yourself
they they	themselves they/themselves
we we	ourselves we ourselves / ourselves

For example:

She introduced herself when entered into the room.
She introduced herself (introduced herself) when she entered the room.

We ourselves cooked the dinner.
We cooked this dinner ourselves.

Demonstrative pronouns in English

We use demonstrative pronouns to point to an object / person or objects / people. Hence the name - index.

There are 4 most used demonstrative pronouns in English:

• this is
• these - these
• that
• those - those

Let's look at the table of usage of these pronouns.

Pronoun	Quantity people/objects	Usage
this This	one	something located Next to us
these these	some
that that, that	one	something located away from us
those those	some

This book is interesting.
It's an interesting book.

I know those girls.
I know those girls.

Interrogative pronouns in English

Interrogative pronouns are words that point to a person, object, or feature that is unknown to the speaker.

For example: Who baked this cake? (point to person)

In English, the most common interrogative pronouns are:

• who - who, whom
• whose - whose
• what - what, what
• which - which
• whom - whom

Let's look at the table of usage of these words.

Pronoun	Usage	Example
Who - who, whom / to whom	1. Who did or didn't certain action 2. Who was purposefully certain action (colloquial)	Who helps her? Who helps her
Whom - whom, to whom	Who was purposefully certain action (official, written version)	whom will you invite? Who will you invite?
Whose - whose	Asking for belongings someone	Whose dog is it? Whose dog is this?
What - what, what	1. Asking about a subject 2. We ask about the sign of the subject (assuming unlimited choice)	What did you read? What did you read?
Which - which one	Please choose from some concrete options	Which dog is yours? Which (what) dog is yours?

So, we have considered 5 main types of pronouns, and now let's practice using them.

Reinforcement task

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. This car is red.
2. They invited me to the park.
3. She baked this cake herself.
4. Whose scarf is on the chair?
5. Your gift is better than hers.

The pronoun is used instead of the noun to avoid repetition in speech. If you have just started learning English, you may be intimidated by a large number of pronouns. However, they are all divided into groups, each of which has its own functions. Familiarize yourself with them, and you will never get confused in all the variety of English pronouns.

Types of pronouns in English

Let's take a closer look at the types of pronouns. Pronouns in English are divided into the following groups:

In this article, we will talk about the first four types of pronouns, because you cannot do without them even at the initial level. If you are interested in a detailed description of each type, then you can always read our articles.

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns ( Personal Pronouns) stand in the place of the subject (the one who performs the action) in the sentence. Pronoun I(i) is always capitalized. Pronoun you refers to the singular (you) and the plural (you). Let's look at the table:

Singular	Plural
I- I	We- we
You- you	You- you
He- is he She- she is It- it	They- they

I speak English well. - I I speak excellent English.

He is a student. - He student.

They are clever. - They are smart.

Pronouns he and she used in relation to animated persons (people); it- in relation to inanimate objects, abstract concepts and animals.

This group of English pronouns changes by case. If the pronoun is used as a subject (that is, it comes first in a sentence), then it is used in the nominative case. If the pronoun is used as an object (it stands after the verb), then it is used in the objective case. In English, the object case corresponds to all cases of the Russian language, except for the nominative. For example, “I” is the nominative case, and “me”, “me”, “about me” is the object case. Note that the pronoun form you matches in the nominative and object cases.

Singular	Plural
Me- me, me	Us- us
You- you	You- to you
Him- him Her- her It- to him (for an inanimate object)	Them- them

Listen to me! - Listen me!

I don't believe him. - I him I do not believe.

They know you. - They know you.

I suggest you watch the teacher's video Rebecca, where she talks about the differences in these two forms of pronouns.

Possessive pronouns

If someone owns something, then use possessive pronouns ( Possessive Pronouns). They serve as a definition for a noun and always come before it. In this case, the article is not used before the noun.

Singular	Plural
My- my	Our- our
Your- your	Your- your
His- his Her- her Its- his (for an inanimate object)	Their- them

My book is on the shelf. - My book on the shelf.

His pen is blue. - His blue pen.

Their cars are fast. - Them cars are fast.

Teacher Ronnie says English learners are often confused I and my, so I suggest watching the following video to understand the difference between these two forms.

reflexive pronouns

Reflexive pronouns in English ( Reflexive Pronouns) are used when a person or object performs an action directed at itself. In Russian, they correspond to the pronouns "himself" and "himself" or the particle - Xia at the verbs. For example, "hurt someone" is a direct action directed at someone, but "hurt Xia"- reflexive. And here are the forms of reflexive pronouns:

Personal pronoun	reflexive pronoun
I	Myself
You	Yourself
He	Himself
She	Herself
We	Ourselves
You	Yourselves
They	Themselves

He cut himself. - He cut Xia.

I did it myself. - I myself did it.

I hope you didn't hurt yourself. I hope you didn't hurt Xia.

And here another video from the teacher will come to our aid Rebecca. It will help you figure out when to use these pronouns in English.

Demonstrative pronouns

From the very name "demonstrative pronouns" ( demonstrative pronouns) it is clear that they will point to some object or person. Imagine that you point your finger at someone or something, although they say it’s ugly to do so :-)

When one object is next to us, they say this(this), and if the object is far away - that(then). There are also two forms for the plural: objects are close - these(these), objects far away - those(those).

I think the picture will show how we should use these pronouns in English.

Although this is a fairly simple material, I still suggest you watch a video from a native English teacher who will tell you about this phenomenon from his point of view.

Pronouns in English help to avoid repetition, so their use in speech plays an important role. Want to check how well you have learned the material of our article? Then be sure to take our quiz!

​

Test

Pronouns in English

​