Brief information about Tyutchev. Brief biography of Fyodor Tyutchev. Message about Tyutchev

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born on November 23 (December 5), 1803 in the estate of Ovstug, Oryol province.

In Tyutchev's biography, primary education was received at home. He studied the poetry of ancient Rome and Latin. Then he studied at the University of Moscow in the department of literature.

After graduating from the university in 1821, he began working at the College of Foreign Affairs. As a diplomat he goes to Munich. Subsequently, the poet spends 22 years abroad. Tyutchev's great and most important love in life, Eleanor Peterson, was also met there. In marriage, they had three daughters.

The beginning of the literary path

The first period in the work of Tyutchev falls on 1810-1820. Then youthful poems were written, very archaic and similar to the poetry of the last century.
The second period of the writer's work (20s - 40s) is characterized by the use of forms of European romanticism and Russian lyrics. His poetry during this period becomes more original.

Return to Russia

The third period of his work was the 50s - early 70s. Tyutchev's poems during this period are not published, and he writes his works mainly on political topics.
The biography of Fyodor Tyutchev at the end of the 1860s was unsuccessful both in his personal life and in his creative one. Tyutchev's collection of lyrics published in 1868, in short, did not receive much popularity.

Death and legacy

Troubles broke him, his health deteriorated, and on July 15, 1873, Fedor Ivanovich died in Tsarskoye Selo. The poet was buried in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Tyutchev's poetry has a little over 400 poems. The theme of nature is one of the most common lyrics of the poet. So landscapes, dynamism, the diversity of seemingly living nature are shown in such works by Tyutchev: “Autumn”, “Spring Waters”, “Enchant Winter”, as well as many others. The image of not only nature, but also the mobility, the power of streams, along with the beauty of water against the sky, is shown in Tyutchev's poem "Fountain".

Tyutchev's love lyrics are another of the poet's most important themes. Violence of feelings, tenderness, tension are manifested in Tyutchev's poems. Love, as a tragedy, as painful experiences, is presented by the poet in poems from a cycle called "Denisiev" (composed of poems dedicated to E. Denisiev, the poet's beloved).
Tyutchev's poems, written for children, are included in the school curriculum and are studied by students of different classes.

Chronological table

Other biography options

Tyutchev was a very amorous person. In his life there was a connection with Countess Amalia, then marriage to E. Peterson. After her death, Tyutchev's second wife was Ernestine Dernberg. But he cheated on her for 14 years with another lover - Elena Denisyeva.
The poet dedicated poems to all his beloved women.
In total, the poet had 9 children from different marriages.
Remaining all his life in the civil service, Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev never became a professional writer.
Tyutchev dedicated two poems

He lived in the 19th century, during the heyday of Russian culture.

In his work, Fyodor Tyutchev sang in all its glory the beauty of Russian nature, the poet did not ignore the love lyrics. Many people know Tyutchev, first of all by the lines - “Russia cannot be understood with the mind ...”

Fedor Ivanovich was born at the end of November 1803, in the Oryol province of the Russian Empire, in the family of a nobleman. He received a good education at home, from childhood he showed a craving for learning, and those around him noticed the boy's outstanding intellect.

Fedor was trained by the poet Raich. Raich told him about ancient and Italian literature. As a 12-year-old boy, Tyutchev was fully engaged in translations under the strict guidance of his mentor. He translated the works of Italian writers.

In 1819, Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev decided to continue his studies, but already at the university. The poet entered the faculty of literature at Moscow University.

Here he meets the best minds of our time. In his student years, Fedor Ivanovich actively wrote poetry.

Two years later, the training was completed and Ivan began working at the College of Foreign Affairs in the capital of the Russian Empire. A year later, Fedor Tyutchev received a new appointment and was sent as part of the Russian diplomatic mission to Munich.

Abroad, Tyutchev feels great. In Germany, he became friends with Heine and Schelling. Engaged in translations of works by major German authors into Russian. He was also actively engaged in creativity, his poems were published in the Russian Empire.

In 1836, a great event took place in the biography of the poet. Fedor Tyutchev's poems were published in the Sovremennik magazine. After the publication, fame came to him. Fedor Ivanovich was distinguished by Slavophile views, for which he earned the respect of Emperor Nicholas I.

The poet wrote several well-known articles about the historical role of Russia. He believed that the fate of mankind would be determined by the confrontation between the Russian Empire and the revolution. In part, these thoughts can be called prophetic.

In 1844, Fyodor Tyutchev returned to his homeland. Four years later, he began working at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Capital, and 10 years later he became chairman of the foreign censorship committee. Fedo Ivanovich was a significant figure in the public life of the capital of the Russian Empire. He was an excellent conversationalist, distinguished by a brilliant sense of humor.

Tyutchev's aphorisms were on everyone's lips. Here is what, for example, Tyutchev said about Russian history: “The history of Russia before Peter I is one memorial service, after that it is a continuous criminal case,” but Tyutchev’s opinion about the revolution: “Spring is the only revolution that always succeeds.” Interesting thoughts, isn't it?

Fyodor Tyutchev died in 1873.

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Biography

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev (5.12.1803 – 15.07.1873) was born into a noble family, in the Ovstug estate (Bryansk district, Oryol province). Tyutchev's childhood years were spent in Moscow. Home teachers led by a poet-translator Semyon Raich taught him Latin and ancient lyrics. The abilities of the future diplomat and poet are evidenced by the fact that at the age of 14 he was already a volunteer of the verbal department of Moscow University.

After graduating from the university, Tyutchev begins a diplomatic career (20 years working in Munich and 2 years in Turin). In 1839, he retired due to his unauthorized trip to Switzerland for marriage with Ernestine Dernberg. Tyutchev's first wife, Eleanor Petersen died in 1838. Tyutchev returned to the civil service in 1845 and became the senior censor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1850, F.I. Tyutchev met Elena Alexandrovna Denisieva, which became his last love, condemned by high society for the difference in position and age.

In 1858, Fedor Ivanovich became Chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee and held this post for 15 years. For his merits, Tyutchev received in 1865 the high rank of Privy Councilor. Interested in European politics, writes political articles, despite failing health. Severe headaches and loss of freedom of movement of the left hand at the end of 1872 were a symptom of an impending stroke, from which the poet died 8 months later in Tsarskoye Selo.

The main periods of creativity F.I. Tyutchev

Tyutchev began to write his own poems early: the first of them ( “To my dear papa!”, “I am omnipotent and weak at the same time ...”) date back to 1813-1816. The first publications are known only to a narrow circle of close people, because the poet was published very little. Peru Tyutchev owns about 400 poems (counting options and unfinished drafts), and his creative and life path can be divided into three periods:

Children's and youth creativity in the spirit of poetry of the 18th century (1810 - 1820).
The original work is a synthesis of Russian odic poetry of the 18th century and the traditions of European romanticism (mid-1820s-1840s). In 1836 in "Contemporary" A.S. Pushkin 16 and then 8 more poems by F.I. Tyutchev under the heading "Poems sent from Germany".
After a 10-year period when Tyutchev almost did not write poetry, from the 1850s to the 1870s he creates many political poems and poems "in case". In 1854, the publication of his first book took place, in which there were old and new poems that made up the famous "Denisiev cycle" dedicated Elena Denisieva (“I knew the eyes, oh, these eyes! ..”, “Last love”, “Today, friend, fifteen years have passed ...” and etc.).

The first acquaintance with F.I. Tyutchev at school

With the study in the 6th grade of a brief biography and several poems of the poet (mostly landscapes), the comprehension of the lyrics and personality of F.I. Tyutchev. Poems "Leaves", "Reluctantly and timidly ..." allow you to feel the complex, transitional states of nature, embody the confusion of feelings in the soul of the poet. In a poem “The kite rose from the clearing ...” two images are contrasted: the freedom of flight of a free bird and the earthly - "in sweat and dust" - the hypostasis of man. The list of additional literature for independent reading in grade 6 includes 3 more poems: “Dream on the Sea”, “Spring”, “How cheerful the roar of summer storms ...”.

outstanding Russian poet, diplomat, conservative publicist, privy councilor

Fedor Tyutchev

short biography

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev- a famous Russian poet, publicist, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, diplomat - was born in the Oryol province, Bryansk district, the Ovstug estate, which belonged to his old noble family, on December 5 (November 23, according to the old style), 1803. Fedor's primary education was home; the famous poet-translator S. Raich worked with him. Studying Latin and the poetry of Ancient Rome, as a 13-year-old teenager, Tyutchev was already translating Horace. In 1819, one of these poems, which was a free translation, was published. At the age of 14, he attended Moscow University (Faculty of History and Philology) as a volunteer, in 1818 he became a student of this educational institution. In 1819 he was elected a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.

After graduating with brilliant results from the university in 1821, young Tyutchev became an employee of the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs - one of his relatives, Count Osterman-Tolstoy, helped him in this. In 1822, Tyutchev, having received a modest position as a freelance attache, leaves for the Bavarian kingdom, in Munich, where he serves in the Russian diplomatic mission. While abroad, Tyutchev met F. Schelling, became a friend of Heine, became interested in German idealist philosophy.

Since adolescence, Tyutchev periodically published his poems, but they appeared only occasionally and did not make a special impression on anyone. The situation changed in 1836: a notebook with Tyutchev's poems sent from Bavaria ended up with A. Pushkin, causing him admiration and surprise. The result was the publication of Tyutchev's writings in the journal Sovremennik. And yet, the real glory will come to Tyutchev much later.

Many important events in Tyutchev's biography were associated with his stay abroad. So, in 1826, he married a local aristocrat, Eleanor Peterson. In 1833, Tyutchev began an affair with Ernestine Dernberg, which led to a loud scandal and caused the diplomat to be transferred from Munich to Turin. The ship sailing from St. Petersburg to Turin crashed, and this event had such a detrimental effect on the health of Tyutchev's wife that in 1838 she died. The activities of Fyodor Tyutchev in the field of diplomacy - although not the most successful in terms of career, but long - unexpectedly interrupted in 1839, but he lived abroad until 1844.

Nicholas I highly appreciated Tyutchev's contribution to strengthening the authority of Russia, and upon arrival at home he was given a position in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the title of chamberlain. Since 1848, he was the senior censor in this ministry. It is known that he vetoed the distribution in the country of the "Manifesto of the Communist Party", translated into Russian. During this period, he practically did not compose poetry, publishing articles of journalistic content in French.

In the 50s. recognition came to Tyutchev as a poet. His poems were published in a separate collection in 1854 and brought him fame as one of the best Russian poets, Turgenev, A. Fet, Chernyshevsky, N. Nekrasov spoke with enthusiasm about his work. The poet's position in relation to the Russian autocracy was embodied in the works: Tyutchev believed that this was the best form of government on which the Slavic peoples should rely, fulfilling the mission of resisting the revolutions sweeping Europe. On the other hand, the poet made Russian landscapes and events an object of chanting, and soon many poets picked up this tradition.

Despite the enormous prestige earned in the cultural community of the capital, Tyutchev did not abandon public service in favor of studying literature on a professional basis. Being a real state councilor, Tyutchev in 1858 headed the committee of foreign censorship. He holds this position until his death, although more than once he had to endure all sorts of troubles, for example, in the form of a collision with members of the government. On August 30, 1865, he was promoted to Privy Councilor.

Second half of the 60s. was noted in his biography by a number of tragic personal events that made the most painful impression on the poet: in a few years he lost his closest people. In 1872, Tyutchev had serious health problems: his left hand failed, his eyesight deteriorated, and intense headaches began. Having experienced a stroke on January 1, 1873, as a result of which the left side of the body lost sensitivity, Tyutchev did not survive the next apoplexy, which happened on July 15, 1873.

Biography from Wikipedia

Youth

Fedor Tyutchev. 1806-1807

Born on November 23, 1803 in the Ovstug family estate of the Bryansk district of the Oryol province. Received home education. Under the guidance of the teacher, poet and translator S. E. Raich, who supported the student's interest in versification and classical languages, he studied Latin and ancient Roman poetry, and at the age of twelve he translated Horace's odes. Since 1817, as a volunteer, he began to attend lectures at the Verbal Department at Moscow University, where his teachers were Alexei Merzlyakov and Mikhail Kachenovsky. Even before enrollment, he was admitted to the number of students in November 1818, in 1819 he was elected a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.

Career abroad

Having received a certificate of graduation from the university in 1821, F. Tyutchev enters the service of the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs and goes to Munich as a non-staff attache of the Russian diplomatic mission. Here he met Schelling and Heine and in 1826 married Eleanor Peterson, nee Countess Bothmer, from whom he had three daughters. The eldest of them, Anna, later marries Ivan Aksakov.

The steamer "Nikolai I", on which the Tyutchev family sails from St. Petersburg to Turin, is in distress in the Baltic Sea. When saving Eleanor and the children, Ivan Turgenev, who was sailing on the same ship, helps. This disaster seriously crippled the health of Eleonora Tyutcheva. She dies in 1838. Tyutchev was so saddened that, after spending the night at the coffin of his late wife, he allegedly turned gray in a few hours. However, already in 1839, Tyutchev married Ernestine Dernberg (nee Pfeffel), with whom, apparently, he had a relationship while still married to Eleanor. Ernestine's memories of a ball in February 1833, at which her first husband felt unwell, have been preserved. Not wanting to interfere with his wife's fun, Mr. Dernberg decided to go home alone. Turning to the young Russian with whom the baroness was talking, he said: "I entrust my wife to you". This Russian was Tyutchev. A few days later, Baron Dernberg died of typhus, the epidemic of which engulfed Munich at that time.

In 1835, Tyutchev received the court rank of chamberlain. In 1839, Tyutchev's diplomatic activity was suddenly interrupted, but until 1844 he continued to live abroad. In 1843, he met with the all-powerful head of the III Department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery, A. Kh. Benckendorff. The result of this meeting was the support by Emperor Nicholas I of all Tyutchev's initiatives in the work to create a positive image of Russia in the West. Tyutchev was given the go-ahead for an independent speech in the press on the political problems of relations between Europe and Russia.

Of great interest to Nicholas I was the anonymously published article by Tyutchev "Letter to Mr. Doctor Kolb" ("Russia and Germany"; 1844). This work was given to the emperor, who, as Tyutchev told his parents, "found all his thoughts in it and seemed to ask who its author was."

Service in Russia

F. I. Tyutchev. 1860-1861 Photo by S. L. Levitsky

Returning to Russia in 1844, Tyutchev again entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1845), where from 1848 he held the position of senior censor.

Almost immediately upon his return, F. I. Tyutchev actively participates in Belinsky's circle.

Not printing poems at all during these years, Tyutchev appeared with journalistic articles in French: “Letter to Mr. Doctor Kolb” (1844), “Note to the Tsar” (1845), “Russia and the Revolution” (1849), “Papacy and The Roman Question” (1850), and also later, already in Russia, an article written “On Censorship in Russia” (1857). The last two are one of the chapters of the unfinished treatise "Russia and the West", conceived by him under the influence of the revolutionary events of 1848-1849.

In this treatise, Tyutchev creates a kind of image of the thousand-year-old power of Russia. Outlining his "teaching about the empire" and the nature of the empire in Russia, the poet noted its "Orthodox character." In the article “Russia and Revolution”, Tyutchev carried the idea that in the “modern world” there are only two forces: revolutionary Europe and conservative Russia. The idea of creating a union of Slavic-Orthodox states under the auspices of Russia was immediately outlined.

During this period, Tyutchev's poetry itself was subordinated to state interests, as he understood them. He creates many "rhyming slogans" or "journalistic articles in verse": "Gus at the stake", "To the Slavs", "Modern", "Vatican anniversary".

On April 7, 1857, Tyutchev received the rank of real state councilor, and on April 17, 1858 he was appointed chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee. In this post, despite numerous troubles and clashes with the government, Tyutchev stayed for 15 years, until his death. On August 30, 1865, Tyutchev was promoted to privy councilor, thereby reaching the third, and in fact, even the second step in the state hierarchy of officials.

During his service, he received 1,800 chervonets in gold and 2,183 rubles in silver as awards (prizes).

The grave of F. I. Tyutchev at the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent in St. Petersburg

Until the very end, Tyutchev was interested in the political situation in Europe. On December 4, 1872, the poet lost his freedom of movement with his left hand and felt a sharp deterioration in vision; he began to suffer excruciating headaches. On the morning of January 1, 1873, despite the warnings of others, the poet went for a walk, intending to visit friends. On the street, he had a stroke that paralyzed the entire left half of his body. On July 15 (27), 1873, Fyodor Tyutchev died in Tsarskoe Selo, at the age of 71. On July 18, 1873, the coffin with the body of the poet was transported from Tsarskoye Selo to St. Petersburg and buried in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent.

Poetry

According to Yu. N. Tynyanov, Tyutchev's small poems are a product of the decomposition of voluminous works of the odic genre that developed in Russian poetry of the 18th century (Derzhavin, Lomonosov). He calls Tyutchev's form a "fragment", which is an ode compressed to a short text. “Thanks to this, Tyutchev’s compositional structures are maximally stressed and look like hypercompensation of constructive efforts” (Yu. N. Chumakov). Hence the “figurative excess”, “oversaturation of components of various orders”, which make it possible to convey the tragic feeling of the cosmic contradictions of being.

One of the first serious researchers of Tyutchev, L. V. Pumpyansky, considers the most characteristic feature of Tyutchev's poetics to be the so-called. "Doublets" - images repeating from poem to poem, varying similar themes "with the preservation of all its main distinguishing features":

The vault of heaven, burning with star glory
Mysteriously looks from the depths, -
And we are sailing, a flaming abyss
Surrounded on all sides.
- "How the ocean embraces the globe of the earth ..."

She, between the double abyss,
Your all-seeing dream cherishes -
And with the full glory of the starry firmament
You are surrounded from everywhere.
- "Swan"

This determines the thematic and motive unity of Tyutchev's lyrics, the components of which are precisely Tynyan's "fragments". Thus, according to Roman Leibov:

... the interpreter is faced with a well-known paradox: on the one hand, "no single poem by Tyutchev will be revealed to us in all its depth, if we consider it as an independent unit" ... On the other hand, Tyutchev's corpus is frankly "random", we have texts that are not institutionally attached to literature, not supported by the author's will, reflecting the hypothetical "Tyutchev heritage" is obviously incomplete. The "unity" and "crowding" of Tyutchev's poetic heritage make it possible to compare it with folklore.

Very important for understanding Tyutchev's poetics is his fundamental distance from the literary process, his unwillingness to see himself as a professional writer and even disregard for the results of his own creativity.

Tyutchev does not write poetry, writing down already existing text blocks. In a number of cases, we have the opportunity to observe how the work on the initial versions of Tyutchev’s texts is going on: Tyutchev applies various kinds of “correct” rhetorical devices to the vague, often tautologically designed (another parallel with folk lyrics) core, taking care to eliminate tautologies, clarify allegorical meanings (Tyutchev's text in this sense unfolds in time, repeating the general features of the evolution of poetic techniques described in the works of A. N. Veselovsky, devoted to parallelism - from the undivided identification of phenomena of different series to a complex analogy). It is often at the late stage of work on the text (corresponding to the consolidation of its written status) that the lyrical subject is introduced pronominally.

periodization

According to Yuri Lotman, Tyutchev's work, amounting to a little more than 400 poems, with all its internal unity, can be divided into three periods:

The 1st period is the initial, 1810s - early 1820s, when Tyutchev creates his youthful poems, archaic in style and close to the poetry of the 18th century.
2nd period - the second half of the 1820s - 1840s, starting with the poem "Glimpse", the features of his original poetics are already noticeable in Tyutchev's work. This is a fusion of Russian odic poetry of the 18th century and the traditions of European romanticism and Schiller's pantheism.
3rd period - 1850s - early 1870s. This period is separated from the previous one by a decade of the 1840s, when Tyutchev writes almost no poetry. During this period, numerous political poems were created (for example, "Modern"), poems "in case" and a poignant "Denisyev cycle". Magazine "Contemporary".

love lyrics

In love lyrics, Tyutchev creates a number of poems, which are usually combined into a “love-tragedy” cycle, called the “Denisiev cycle”, since most of the poems belonging to it are dedicated to E. A. Denisyeva. Their characteristic understanding of love as a tragedy, as a fatal force leading to devastation and death, is also found in Tyutchev's early work, so it would be more correct to name poems related to the "Denisiev cycle" without reference to the poet's biography. Tyutchev himself did not take part in the formation of the "cycle", therefore it is often unclear to whom certain poems are addressed - to E. A. Denisyeva or his wife Ernestina. In Tyut studies, the similarity of the "Denisiev cycle" with the genre of a lyrical diary (confession) and the motives of Dostoevsky's novels (morbidity of feeling) has been repeatedly emphasized.

The love of eighteen-year-old Tyutchev for the young beauty Amalia Lerchenfeld (the future Baroness Krudener) is reflected in his famous poem “I remember the golden time ...” Tyutchev was in love with a “young fairy”, who did not reciprocate, but visited the poet in his declining years. It is to her that his poem “I met you, and all the past”, which became the famous romance to the music of L. D. Malashkin, is dedicated.

Letters

More than 1,200 letters from Tyutchev have come down to us.

Tyutchev and Pushkin

In the 1920s, Yu. N. Tynyanov put forward the theory that Tyutchev and Pushkin belong to such different areas of Russian literature that this difference excludes even the recognition of one poet by another. Later, this version was disputed, and it was substantiated (including documented) that Pushkin quite consciously placed Tyutchev’s poems in Sovremennik, insisted before censorship on replacing the excluded stanzas of the poem “Not what you think, nature ...” with rows of dots, considering it was wrong not to designate the discarded lines in any way, and on the whole he was very sympathetic to Tyutchev's work.

Nevertheless, the poetic imagery of Tyutchev and Pushkin actually has serious differences. N.V. Koroleva formulates the difference as follows: “Pushkin draws a person living an ebullient, real, sometimes even everyday life, Tyutchev is a person outside everyday life, sometimes even outside reality, listening to the instant ringing of an aeolian harp, absorbing the beauty of nature and bowing to her, yearning for the “deaf groanings of time”.

Tyutchev dedicated two poems to Pushkin: "To Pushkin's Ode to Liberty" and "January 29, 1837", the last of which radically differs from the works of other poets on Pushkin's death by the absence of direct Pushkin's reminiscences and archaic language in its style.

Museums

The museum-estate of the poet is located in Muranovo near Moscow. It went into the possession of the poet's descendants, who collected memorial exhibits there. Tyutchev himself, apparently, has never been to Muranovo. On July 27, 2006, a fire broke out in the museum on an area of 500 m² from a lightning strike. As a result of the fire, the manor house was seriously damaged, but soon its restoration began, which was completed in 2009. Many exhibits were also damaged, but almost the entire collection of the museum was saved. Since 2009, the museum began to restore the exposition, adding new exhibits as they are being restored. Full restoration of the exposition is planned for 2014.

The Tyutchev family estate was located in the village of Ovstug (now the Zhukovsky district of the Bryansk region). The central building of the estate, due to its dilapidated condition, was dismantled into bricks in 1914, from which the volost foreman, deputy of the State Duma of the IV convocation Dmitry Vasilyevich Kiselev built the building of the volost government (preserved; now - the museum of the history of the village of Ovstug). The park and the pond have been neglected for a long time. The restoration of the estate began in 1957 thanks to the enthusiasm of V.D. The surviving sketches recreated the building of the estate, into which the museum exposition moved in 1986 (it includes several thousand original exhibits). In the former building of the museum (former school) there is an art gallery. In 2003, the building of the Assumption Church was restored in Ovstug.

Family estate in the village of Znamenskoye on the Kadka River (now the Uglich district of the Yaroslavl region). The house, the dilapidated Church of the Sign of the Mother of God (built in 1784) and the park of extraordinary beauty have survived. The brick double-altar church with the Nikolsky chapel was built at the expense of the local landowner N. A. Tyutchev, the poet's grandfather. From it to the very porch of the manor house leads the Tyutchev alley of centuries-old pines. It was planned to reconstruct the estate, but no action was taken for 2015.

When the war with the French began in 1812, the Tyutchevs gathered to evacuate. The Tyutchev family left for the Yaroslavl province, in the village of Znamenskoye. There lived the grandmother of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev from the side of his father, Pelageya Denisovna Panyutina. She had been seriously ill for a long time; relatives found my grandmother alive, but on December 3, 1812, she died. The Tyutchevs decided not to return to burned Moscow, but to go to their estate in Ovstug. Raich, the future mentor and friend of Fedenka Tyutchev, also left Znamensky with them.

A year and a half after the death of my grandmother, the division of all property began. It was supposed to take place between three sons. But since the elder Dmitry was rejected by the family for marrying without parental blessing, two could participate in the section: Nikolai Nikolaevich and Ivan Nikolaevich. However, Znamenskoye was an indivisible estate, a kind of Tyutchev's majorate. It could not be divided, changed or sold. The brothers did not live in Znamenskoye for a long time: Nikolai Nikolaevich was in St. Petersburg, Ivan Nikolaevich - in Moscow, besides, he already had an estate in the Bryansk province. Thus, Nikolai Nikolaevich received Znamenskoye. In the late 1820s, Nikolai Nikolaevich died. Ivan Nikolayevich (the poet's father) became the guardian of his brother's children. All of them settled in Moscow and St. Petersburg, with the exception of Alexei, who lived in Znamenskoye. It was from him that the so-called "Yaroslavl" branch of the Tyutchevs went. His son, Alexander Alekseevich Tyutchev, that is, the nephew of Fyodor Ivanovich, was the district marshal of the nobility for 20 years. And he is the last landowner of Znamensky.

Memory

In honor of F. I. Tyutchev, the asteroid (9927) Tyutchev, discovered by astronomer Lyudmila Karachkina at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory on October 3, 1981, is named.

Family

grandfather - Nikolai Andreevich Tyutchev Jr.(1720-1797). Wife - Pelageya Denisovna, born Panyutin(1739-December 3, 1812)
- Father - Ivan Nikolaevich Tyutchev(October 12, 1768-April 23, 1846)
- Mother - Ekaterina Lvovna(October 16, 1776 - May 15, 1866), daughter of Leo Vasilyevich Tolstoy (1740 - October 14, 1816) and Ekaterina Mikhailovna Rimskaya-Korsakova (? -1788). She was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. Her father's sister, Anna Vasilievna Osterman, and her husband F. A. Osterman played a big role in the fate of her niece and her family. Mother's brother - A. M. Rimsky-Korsakov. Children of Ivan and Catherine:
  - Nikolay Ivanovich(June 9, 1801 - December 8, 1870). Colonel of the General Staff. Died single. The last owner of the Tyutchev family estate: the village of Gorenovo (now the Roslavl district of the Smolensk region).
  - Fedor
    - 1st wife: Tyutcheva, Eleonora Fyodorovna. Their children:
      - Tyutcheva, Anna Fedorovna (1829-1889), maid of honor, author of memoirs. Husband - Aksakov, Ivan Sergeevich
      - Tyutcheva, Daria Fedorovna (1834-1903), maid of honor
      - Tyutcheva, Ekaterina Fedorovna (1835-1882), maid of honor
    - 2nd wife: Pfeffel, Ernestine. Their children:
      - Tyutcheva, Maria Fedorovna(1840-1873), married since 1865 to Nikolai Alekseevich Birilev (1829-1882)
      - Dmitry Fedorovich(1841-1870), married to Olga Alexandrovna Melnikova (1830-1913)
      - Tyutchev, Ivan Fyodorovich(1846-1909), married since 1869 to Olga Petrovna Putyata (1840-1920), niece of the wife of E. A. Baratynsky, daughter of the literary critic N. V. Putyata. Their children:
        Sofia(1869-1957). The teacher of the children of Nicholas II.
        Olga (1871-?)
        Fedor (1873-1931)
        Tyutchev, Nikolai I.(1876-1949), collector, founder and first director of the Muranovo Estate Museum.
        Catherine(1879-1957), married V. E. Pigarev. It is from this marriage that the branch of the Pigarevs, the modern descendants of the poet, comes.
    - Beloved - Deniseva, Elena Alexandrovna(the relationship lasted 14 years). Their children:
      - Elena (1851-1865)
      - Tyutchev, Fedor Fyodorovich (1860-1916)
      - Nicholas (1864-1865)
    - Beloved - Hydrangea Lapp. “The details of this long relationship are unknown to us. A foreigner came to Russia with Tyutchev and subsequently gave birth to two sons (...) The poet died in 1873 and bequeathed to Mrs. Lapp the pension that was legally due to his widow Ernestina Fedorovna. The widow and children sacredly fulfilled the last will of her husband and father, and for twenty years, until the death of Ernestina Feodorovna, Hortensia Lapp received a pension, which the official's widow gave her. That's all we know about this love story."
      - Nikolai Lapp-Mikhailov, died in 1877 in the battle of Shipka
      - regimental doctor Dmitry Lapp, died a few months after the death of his brother and was buried in Odessa.
  - Sergey(April 6, 1805 – May 22, 1806)
  - Dmitriy(February 26, 1809 - April 25, 1815)
  - Basil(January 19, 1811) died in infancy
  - Daria Ivanovna(June 5, 1806-1879), in the marriage of Sushkov.
- paternal aunt - Evdokia (Avdotya) Nikolaevna Meshcherskaya(monastic Eugene) (February 18, 1774 - February 3, 1837) - abbess, founder of the Boriso-Gleb Anosin convent.
- paternal aunt - Nadezhda Nikolayevna(1775-1850), married to Sheremetev, mother of Anastasia, future wife of the Decembrist Yakushkin and Pelageya (1802-1871), future wife of M. N. Muravyov-Vilensky.

I love the storm in early May,

When spring, the first thunder,

As if frolicking and playing,

Rumbles in the blue sky.

These lines belong to the remarkable Russian poet Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, who himself treated his literary work very casually and did not consider himself a poet.

short biography

He was born on November 23, 1803 in the Ovstug estate, Bryansk district, Oryol province, which belonged to a wealthy old noble family. According to the tradition of his time, he received his primary education at home. He was very lucky - his mentor was a young but well-educated S.I. Rajic, an aspiring poet and translator. Raich encouraged his young pupil in the art of versification and helped him master Latin. Thanks to this, the thirteen-year-old Fyodor made wonderful translations of Horace and was fond of writing poetry in imitation of the classics of antiquity. His successes were so brilliant that at the age of fifteen he became a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. The poet wrote all his poems exclusively in Russian, although he was fluent in several foreign languages.

In 1821, he brilliantly graduated from Moscow University, entered the service of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, and left his homeland for 22 years. While in the diplomatic service, he lives in Germany and Italy, occasionally visiting Russia. Tyutchev always felt a spiritual connection with his homeland, and hence his definition of Russia, which we proudly pronounce now:

Russia cannot be understood with the mind,

Do not measure with a common yardstick

She has a special become -

One can only believe in Russia.

Even during his studies, Fedor Ivanovich became interested in philosophy. The philosophical theory of the Frenchman Pascal, a mathematician and philosopher, was especially close to him. At the same time, the philosophical and moral question, what is a person in infinity, deeply excited him and did not leave him until the end of his life. Therefore, his poetic work always reflects not only the soul, but also the mind. Despite the lightness of the lines, the poet's poems penetrate deeply into the consciousness and remain there, deeply affecting the most intimate feelings.

Poetic creativity of Tyutchev

Tyutchev finally developed a poetic style by the 30s of the 19th century. By this time, he had already written beautiful lyrical poems "Insomnia", "Spring Waters", "Summer Evening", "Vision", "Autumn Evening". A notebook of his poems comes to him, from which Alexander Sergeevich is delighted and prints several in a magazine "Contemporary". This makes Tyutchev's name known to the general public and brings fame as a poet. The ability to convey the unity of the human soul with the soul of nature was manifested in such wonderful lines:

It has a soul, it has freedom,

It has love, it has a language...

But more and more often the poet turns to love lyrics, although sad and even tragic motifs prevail in his poems about the most sublime human feelings. Sadness resounds in the poems of the poet who lost his wife Eleanor, a loved and close person. Tragedy and pain are torn from the soul and poured out in poetic lines because of the impossibility of being close to the beloved woman. Tyutchev's great and true love for Elena Denisyeva, which ended in tragedy, left readers with amazingly strong feelings and frank in their sincerity poems.

The executing god took everything from me:

Health, willpower, air, sleep,

He left you alone with me,

So that I can still pray to him.

Tyutchev and modernity

The amazingly accurate style of versification in conveying feelings and the surprisingly laconic style convey countless shades of the most diverse feelings - to nature, to a woman, to the Motherland. Amazingly modern poet! Why is it so rare to include Tyutchev's poems in anthologies for reading? Why do we generally stop reading the poems of such poets as Tyutchev? Obviously, we are afraid, or we do not want to expose the nerve of our soul ....

We can't predict

How our word will respond, -

And sympathy is given to us,

How do we get grace...

Fedor Ivanovich died in 1873 in Tsarskoye Selo.