The basics of exchange trading. How to learn to trade stocks on the stock exchange: step-by-step instructions from theory to practice. Introduction to exchange trading

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In the 21st century, trading on securities and cryptocurrency exchanges has become one of the most popular ways to manage and accumulate your capital. In this article, we will consider the fundamental questions: where to start your path for a trader and investor, how to start making money on securities, choosing a trading account, installing a terminal for trading, examples of independent trading and answers to frequently asked questions.

This is a fairly extensive article in which we will analyze all the necessary nuances for trading on the exchange. Be sure to read everything to the end. Each tip and point has been written by a professional in the world of finance. The material is presented as clearly as possible, without water and advertising.

1. Introduction to exchange trading

It's no secret that there are many approaches that will allow you to trade on the stock exchange:

1. Self-trading... No commissions for input / output and other actions. Complete freedom in the choice of securities and actions with them.
2. Trust management(transfer of money to traders' management). A risky approach, where you completely depend on the success of the other person.
3. Auto-following (copying deals of successful traders or profitable strategies). There is a place to be, but you will have to pay a commission for this service. Plus, strategies that have been successful in the past do not guarantee future income and are even more likely to merge.
4. Mutual funds. Mutual funds are very popular. However, their income depends entirely on the prices of stocks and bonds. If everything grows, then they will also grow. Cons: difficult to predict income. There are often commissions for input / output, you cannot withdraw money instantly.

Each has its own pros and cons. There is no perfect approach for every investor. We will consider exclusively the first option.

Exchange trading is an extensive area. There are many financial markets:

• Commodity exchange
• Currency exchange
• Derivative financial instruments (derivatives) markets. Futures, options are traded on them
• Cryptocurrency market. There are special cryptocurrency exchanges and approaches to trading on them (trading on cryptocurrency exchanges). The highest volatility is observed here.

Each investor chooses for himself a suitable site for work. Most choose the stock exchange (stocks and bonds) as the most understandable, government-regulated, reliable way of investing.

2. How to open an exchange account - step by step instructions

An exchange account can be opened through a broker. Access to trading on the stock exchange on the Russian stock market is carried out exclusively through it. Only legal entities with a special license can trade directly on the MICEX.

It's okay that the broker will be your intermediary and consultant. There are practically no commissions, and those that are there are too small. In addition, the broker will form all the documents for the tax office for you.

Below is a step-by-step instruction for opening a trading account.

Step 1. Registration with a broker

I advise you to register with one of the following brokers (I have been working with them for many years):

These are the leaders in Russia (they are in the top 5 in all broker ratings). They do offer quality brokerage services.

Step 2. Opening a trading account (IIS or EDP)

The installation contains standard steps: specifying the installation path, accepting the license agreement, and the initialization process itself.

Next, you need to log in to the program. You yourself specify the login and password using the special application "keygen.exe". After that two keys will be generated for you: public and secret. The public one will need to be uploaded to the broker. The fastest way to do all these actions is to call technical support and they will prompt you.

You can customize the table with the list of securities as you wish. Stocks, bonds, currencies can be added / removed / raised higher and lower. Add or remove columns. All this is done in the properties menu:

To open a deal, you need to select an instrument and send a request. Send a request to the exchange:

Your orders will be displayed in the "table of my deals".

Here you can also see active positions in securities. In general, these data are sufficient for exchange trading.

Quik's capabilities allow you to do many useful things: add indicators to the chart, change timeframes, read news through the terminal and access the terminal through the API (this is needed for automated trading).

3.2. Finam Trade application for trading on the stock exchange

Not everyone has a computer at hand with a terminal installed. Life is dynamic and many are not at home most of the time. For trading on the stock exchange, you can use a special application "Finam Trade" (broker Finam), which can be installed for free on any phone / tablet via Android or iOS.

It has absolutely all the tools for trading as in a standard terminal. You can place and withdraw orders. View completed transactions. Moreover, you can trade both on the Russian stock market and on the American one.

It is also convenient that you can see the order book, the price chart. In fact, the Finam Trade application is a complete tool not only for trading, but also for graphical analysis.

This is how Finam trade quotes look like:

An example of a portfolio of securities for Finam trade:

4. How to make money on the stock exchange

Making money on the stock market is the dream of many traders and those who generally understand the essence of securities. But to make a profit on securities, you need to be the owner of stock exchange knowledge and experience. The latter is especially important. You can read dozens of books on trading, but you can only learn from your mistakes.

In this article, we will not consider trading and investing strategies. This is a huge topic for discussion. You can read them in a separate section on our website.

There are two approaches to making money on securities: investing and trading. Consider the pros and cons of each direction.

4.1. Speculative earnings in the securities market

Speculative earnings is the most common way to trade in the stock market. The main point: buy cheaper, sell more expensive. At the same time, the time interval for holding an open position is extremely small. Buying and further selling occurs within one day and possibly even one hour (rarely, when the position is held for more than a week). It is also called intraday or day trading.

Speculation has become extremely popular with the advent of mobile trading applications. Now you can take active actions practically "on the go".

A speculative approach takes time and nerves. At the same time, for the majority of speculators, the final result turns out to be unprofitable. But few people want to admit their mistakes and suffer for a long time, slowly draining their deposit.

But not everything is so bad, there are also more professional participants who trade in a plus. But still, this plus does not amount to hundreds of percent per annum, so is it worth it to devote all your free time to trading? Life is too short to pay so much attention to speculation.

The main problem for speculators is that there are no ideal strategies that could consistently make a profit. Strategies based on a long-term period give almost guaranteed income and require almost no action. Yes, the income for the year will be only 10-30%, but almost no labor costs.

4.2. Long-term investment

The investor approach to trading is safer and more relaxed. The deal is concluded on a long-term basis. It is rare for an investor to sell securities a couple of days after buying.

Most often, investors form an investment portfolio from stocks and bonds. In this way, they provide their capital from the measured fluctuations that are inherent in all exchange markets. As a rule, every year the market moves 30% -60% (meaning the range from minimum to maximum). Moreover, it can go down by 20%, and then grow by 31%. eventually grow by only 5% in a year.

The easiest way for an investment approach is to buy 50% of stocks and 50% of bonds. But a more competent approach is to determine the state of the market for "overbought" and "oversold". I put these concepts in quotation marks, since no one can guarantee with a guarantee when exactly the price has become excessively expensive and when it will be excessively cheap.

In the entire history of the stock market, a lot has happened. It happened that the value of the company (capitalization) in moments dropped to the level of annual profitability, that is, the company was so cheap that in one year its profit was more than the current capitalization. If this is a reliable company, then such a moment would be the ideal entry (purchase) point.

Note

Speaking on average 10-20% per annum, I mean periods of time from 10 years. Naturally, if you take a single year, you can get both + 50% and -30%, or maybe just 0% per annum.

New opportunities with the advent of ETF funds

Since 2014, ETF funds began to appear on our market. Different ETFs have different assets. For example, there is an ETF for shares of Russian companies (they copy the RTS or MICEX index), there is an ETF for the American SP500 index, bonds, and Eurobonds. A big plus of these funds is that you immediately get a diversified portfolio. That is, you do not need to worry that it will go bankrupt.

ETFs are traded like ordinary shares on the Moscow Exchange. Their cost is from 500 rubles to 3000 rubles 1 piece. It is very convenient. You can easily pick them up or sell them directly at the stock exchange rate.

Listed below are some important tips from professionals for aspiring investors.

The stock market is a tool for increasing your capital, but on the other hand, it is a "game" in which you can be defeated. It is especially risky when considering small periods of time. So, what should be done in order for an ordinary investor to win in the securities market.

5.1. Trading and investment training

Trading and investment training is essential. There are many outstanding traders who have a lot of experience behind them. Read these books, watch tutorial videos on Youtube. Almost all of the material can be found for free. To do this, you do not need to enroll in any courses and pay money.

Also, do not think that after reading all the books you will definitely become a millionaire in a year. Books add experience and skill, but offer no guarantee of success. Simply, you will quickly learn not to lose, but to earn money.

5.2. Don't look for the "holy grail"

You don't have to waste time looking for the "Holy Grail" as a trading strategy. If someone came up with a win-win trading system, they would become a multi-billionaire in a short period of time. However, there have not been such cases in history yet, and in fact many traders try and are still looking for it.

Those who managed to quickly make fortunes (millions of dollars) from a small starting amount of money were simply very lucky. Just like some are lucky in lotteries. To make big money practically from scratch, you need to take a lot of risks. And one unsuccessful deal can destroy all the funds accumulated before. Usually big money is earned gradually thanks to professional money management, reasonable risks. Success and fortunes come with time (this takes at least 5-10 years).

There are thousands of different trading strategies. They all revolve around 5 parameters: open / close price, high / low and volume. This is not much that we have, but technical analysis professionals have created thousands of trading systems. I recommend not focusing on such a wide variety. Of course, for experience it is worth studying a few or even a few dozen, but, most likely, you will never use them.

Elementary strategies work best in the stock market:

Yes, they will bring in only 10-30% per annum. But in order to become rich, this is enough. Use compound interest, reinvest your income and your fortune will grow exponentially.

If you are interested in how you can quickly accelerate your deposit with reasonable risks, then I advise you to read about the following strategy:

5.3. Do not borrow for stock trading

You should never borrow to trade the stock market. These are long-term instruments. Debt is fraught with the fact that it must be repaid. And few people want to wait several years for a return.

Plus, it’s a risky "game", you don’t have to bet the money you don’t own. Psychology will interfere with making money with this approach, because it is scary to lose them. And if you do not take risks, then it is impossible to make money.

5.4. Don't listen to analysts and forecasts

Forecasts for stock market prices have an extremely negative impact on trading systems for any investor. Analysts always make forecasts based on the current trend. If the market is growing, they will say that it will continue to grow. If it falls, then it will fall.

Any predictions confuse traders and investors. Never read or listen to them. Japanese candlesticks, together with volumes, fully reflect the current market situation. This is enough to make the right decision.

5.5. The market is constantly changing

Nothing is eternal in the market. It is extremely volatile and unstable. At times, what was promising that month and looked "bullish" looks negative this month.

Do not be afraid to sell something that did not bring profit and did not look promising. Small losses are better than big losses in a year. Know how to admit that you are wrong. Any professional makes mistakes, but due to the fact that he realizes everything in time he ultimately achieves success.

With the rise in the standard of living in our country, more and more people have recently appeared who want to invest their funds in some profitable financial instruments. A large number of letters come to our editorial office with a request to explain where shares are bought, how they are stored, how they are sold, where dividends are paid, and how to deal with the tax authorities if we still manage to earn something.

Indeed, the financial illiteracy of our compatriots is simply amazing. For example, in America, almost every cook keeps track of the quotes, knows how to manage her stake and what percentage of the total income she has from her shares. Having seen the obvious injustice in this state of affairs, we decided to give some practical advice to beginners who decided to try their hand at the stock market.

Not knowing the ford, do not go into the water

So, first, identify an intermediary who will represent your interests on the exchange, since only a licensed and accredited specialist can buy and sell shares on his own. There are many options here. It can be an investment company that guarantees you a certain annual income, usually in excess of a bank deposit. She herself determines from which stocks to form your investor portfolio.

Another option, more risky, but at the same time more productive, is a bank or a bank brokerage office. When choosing this option, first determine the amount that, if something happens, you will not be sorry to lose. At the same time, we must not forget that the state, whether there is a default or a crisis, does not guarantee the return of funds invested in shares. And while playing on the stock market, you can not only double your amount within a few days, but also lose it. Therefore, without experience, you do not need to spend all your savings on buying stocks, especially if you are going to make money on their market value.

After choosing the amount and concluding an agreement with the client department of the bank, you will receive your client account, where your money will be credited. Then they go to the brokerage account, from which the payment for the shares takes place. Only after that the purchased securities are transferred to the "depot" account. By the way, it is to your personal client account that the dividends of those companies in which you are a shareholder will subsequently receive.

Buying and selling shares is extremely simple. The times when it was necessary to go to the bank and write applications for each operation, thank God, have sunk into oblivion. Now everything can be done by phone or email. Call traders, whose phones you will have in the agreement, and give instructions to buy or sell shares of a particular company within the amount you have on your "depot" account. Minor formalities await you, again by phone, in the form of a password, as well as an identification decal confirming your authority and shares on your account. You decide which stocks, when to buy, at what price and when to sell. Do not count on the broker's advice: they are prohibited from doing this.

However, there is another option: you can buy stocks and just forget about them for several years. The cost of securities in the absence of force majeure circumstances, such as the global crisis and default, will surely increase significantly, and you will receive tax breaks and annual dividend payments as a thank you for your "long investments". LUKOIL shares can be taken as an example: in 2003. the cost of one paper was 596 rubles, in 2008. - 1832 rubles, and in August 2011. - 1739 rubles. Rostelecom shares in October 2003 cost 54.4 rubles / share, in October 2008. -220 rubles, and in October 2011. - 143 rubles.

Papier-mâché palace

Having become an advanced private broker, get used to the idea that everything connected in one way or another with the purchase and sale of stocks will now happen electronically for you. Having bought, for example, shares in Rosneft, do not wait at the mailbox for a letter with bright, beautiful pieces of paper and holograms. The shares will be credited in the form of an electronic record about them to your "depot" account, and the data will be stored in the depository. In approximately the same form, you will receive reports from the client department of the bank on the transactions you have made with shares and on the state of your account. The reporting scheme - and this may not only be e-mail - must be agreed with the client department in the service agreement. The report can be received by mail, as well as independently arriving at the bank.

By the way, the red tape with reporting is not very pleasant, but necessary. Put all the broker's reports in a separate folder, it doesn't matter whether it is electronic or paper. Subsequently, you will appreciate the wisdom of your actions. These reports on your "art" will then help to build charts, to understand how and in what you were wrong when deciding whether to buy or sell a particular security. These pieces of paper will help you launch the "memory of feelings" and understand the nature of your actions, which will ultimately lead to the acquisition of invaluable experience gained from your own successes and mistakes.

A spoon of tar

In any country in the world, tax authorities are disliked, and especially in our country. And it is not surprising, because the rules of the game change, not having time to get accustomed. About ten tax schemes have been used in Russia since the 90s, when the first stock exchanges appeared. Let's not remember them, this is a thing of the past. But now, at first glance, there is a simple taxation scheme that provides for the payment of 13% tax on the amount of profit. However, it also has many pitfalls.

For example, within one year you, having sold the shares of some company at a profit, bought the shares of another. It would seem that you did not withdraw funds to the current account, the money was re-invested in the development of the domestic company, but the tax will be charged to you, and you are obliged to pay it. However, if your bank is a tax agent, it can transfer taxes for you if there is enough money on your "depo" account for this.

But even in this case, you should not relax, since you are still required to file an income tax return. If you did not know about this and live calmly on, because you know that taxes have been paid, you will receive unpleasant news about a fine for not filing a declaration. Let's say you made a profit from trading in shares equal to 100 thousand rubles, the tax on it will be 13 thousand rubles, and the penalty for not submitting a declaration on time is 30% of the tax. It turns out 3.9 thousand rubles. This is only a year, and if 10 years have passed, then count yourself.

If you are well prepared and know about the need to file a declaration, then this will not free you from problems with the tax inspection, since not every inspectorate has specialists in stock operations, and where they are, they, as a rule, are not up to you. ... It is unrealistic to fill out this document on your own due to the presence of unclear codes and words with vague meaning in it. True, companies located next to the inspections helpfully offer assistance in filling out the declaration. You can, of course, use "only" for 10 thousand rubles, but you are unlikely to be satisfied with such a prospect.

A quick guide to action for the decided

1. Choose an intermediary broker.
2. Conclude an agreement with a broker.
3. Determine the scheme of communication and receipt of information from the broker.
4. Create a folder for documentation.
5. Track the quotes of the stocks you bought daily. Enter the data into the folder.
6. At the end of the year, negotiate a tax payment scheme with the broker, if there are sales and purchase transactions.
7. If there were transactions in the current year, submit the declaration by the end of April next year.

Professional advice

Finally, we decided to collect professional advice. For someone who has decided to try their hand at the stock exchange for the first time, these recommendations can be quite valuable.

Kirill Shishov, the head of the financial project Quote.ru, considers it very important for someone who has decided to try his hand at the stock market the moment of choosing an intermediary company, that is, a broker who will later be the main link between you and the exchange. Finding them is easy enough. You just need not to be lazy and climb the pages of rating portals. We will advise you, of course, an agency where you can find ratings of the largest investment companies.

Analysts at Rye, Man & Gor Securities, in turn, believe that the stock market, and the stock market in particular, is a very effective investment tool. Therefore, part of the portfolio must be invested in the stock market, in particular in its main instruments - stocks and bonds. As practice shows, long-term passive investing for a sufficiently long period of time is a more profitable strategy compared to daily trading, at least for people who do not trade in the stock market professionally.

Alexander Golovtsov, head of analytical research at Uralsib Management Company, offers newcomers two schemes. The best way is to buy shares in an index fund in equal installments at regular intervals. A more advanced option is to buy a slightly higher amount when the market falls and a slightly lower amount after a strong growth (for example, by 25% per quarter). Such a pre-made plan helps to cope with emotions: novice investors often panic and sell stocks close to the "bottom", but in a growing market, on the contrary, they want to buy more than usual.

Of course, any strategy should be long-term in order to minimize the impact of market cycles on profitability. The ideal term is 10 years. Day trading sooner or later leads to ruin in 99% of cases, because in fact you have to compete with insiders who have much better access to information, as well as a technical base.

Pavel Lednev, the head of the brokerage operations department of Master-Bank, recommends that if you start trading in shares right now, you should stick to a speculative strategy. Given the fact how quickly and significantly the market situation is changing, it is important to correctly cover the entire information background that enters the market.

Nikolay Podlevskikh, head of the analytical department at Zerich Capital Management, also believes that long-term investment is in a sense easier and often more effective, especially if the market is showing good growth. However, investing for short periods of time, setting stop-losses (exchange orders placed by a trader in order to limit their losses when the price reaches a predetermined level), tracking the current situation and making decisions about buying and selling as the situation changes is more likely to help reduce the overall investment risks.

In addition, experts aloud advise, before starting to trade stocks and bonds, how you should familiarize yourself with the tax scheme, otherwise the claims that tax authorities may subsequently present will not seem lenient to you.

Ernst & Young's expert Gelaggio Dikko notes the decision adopted in December 2010 as a positive factor. a change in tax legislation, according to which income from the sale of shares acquired after January 1, 2011. and continuously owned for more than 5 years, will be exempt from personal income tax. This exemption applies only to shares of Russian companies listed on the organized market, or to non-tradable shares of companies in the high-tech (innovative) sector of the economy. Of course, taking into account the fact that the results of the aforementioned innovation will not be known until 2016, it is too early to draw any conclusions, the specialist clarifies.

In turn, the director of the retail services department of Deutsche UFG Capital Management Galina Romanyuk says that the current taxation scheme does not motivate the population. Deposits on deposits are not taxed, partially guaranteed by the state, they do not need to be declared. With regard to transactions with securities, a completely different approach: the income must be declared, despite the fact that the tax has already been paid by the tax agent.

Moreover, if the income is received in different places, they will have to be combined into a single form, having received the relevant documents from each tax agent. At the same time, the expert notes among the advantages of the applied tax scheme the possibility of accounting for losses in future income. True, unfortunately, the reporting forms of the tax agent do not imply the submission of information about the occurrence of a loss, which will lead to great difficulties in obtaining this deduction.

G. Romanyuk believes that taxes should motivate long-term investments, and the optimal one is the tax scheme in which there is no interaction of an ordinary person with the tax authorities.

Elena Zabello, RBC

If you decide to invest, imagine that you are going on a long car trip. And before you get behind the wheel, there are a number of important points to consider.

Where are you going? What are your financial goals?

How long do you expect to be on the road? What are your investment horizons? Do you want profit tomorrow or are you ready to wait a few years?

What should you take with you on your trip? What would you like to invest in?

How much gasoline do you need to fill in the tank? How much money can you allocate now and in the future to achieve your goals?

Will there be a stopover? Do you have short term financial needs?

How long do you plan to stay at your destination? Will it be necessary to live only on investments in the coming years or will there be additional income?

Until you have given yourself clear answers to these questions, you should not leave home. The probability of getting there, of course, remains, but the risk of getting stuck somewhere along the way is growing.

Likewise, investing does not tolerate negligence in planning. The exact numbers in your initial plan are the key to a meaningful path in the future.

Like almost any long journey, investments require start-up capital. And there are several important points here. First, you should only invest a very small fraction of your free cash in the stock market (for example, 20% of your savings). Secondly, there can be no question of "borrowing from friends, taking a loan from a bank, quickly earning 50% per annum on the market and being happy." You cannot trade with borrowed money! Because there are risks in any case, and if the need to return the initial capital to creditors prevails over you, this will lead to psychological discomfort and a number of mistakes. Only for your own and only for a small part of your savings.

Step one. Education

Of course, it is difficult to drive a car if you do not know the rules of the road and are driving for the first time. Therefore, we recommend starting with training. To get started, read any book on stock trading. Of course, you won't learn how to trade with just one book - no matter how brilliant it is - just like you won't learn how to write poetry by reading the colorful and understandable Primer.

For our part, we can offer a large number of educational materials on a variety of topics in the section on our website. Also, for beginners, we can offer a brief instruction on which ones are the best to start mastering the investment craft. To do this, you can read a special overview

In addition to training materials, if you wish, you can find a number of stock market courses for beginners. The beauty of technology is that today you do not have to rush after work to evening face-to-face classes day after day - you can study online, often even for free. Here you can learn more about various trading in the stock market.

Step two. Opening a demo account

As part of the first steps in the market, we recommend not to neglect demo trade. Even if funds allow you to spend a significant amount on gaining experience and testing various strategies, there are a number of nuances that do not require material costs.

As a minimum, within the framework of educational trading, you will be able to study the trading terminal, see real orders, “fill your hand”, correct minor technical mistakes when testing trading ideas. And all this is risk-free and absolutely free.

Step three: choose a broker and open a real account

At any time when you realize that you are ready for the real market, just open an account with your chosen broker, start money and start making transactions. However, do not rush to enter the entire amount available: there is one important point that is often ignored and then paid dearly by beginners - psychology. It is she who often becomes a stumbling block for inexperienced investors. Just believe me: trading with real funds is fundamentally different from trading with "candy wrappers". You will inevitably run into a number of psychological traps that will interfere with your trading plans. To understand and overcome all psychological barriers, it is very wise to invest real money at the initial stage, but in small amounts. Even small losses will give you an idea of ​​what the psychology of trading is. In doing so, you will receive valuable lessons with little or no threat to your account.

One of the most important steps is choosing a broker. As the choice of a car for a long trip affects the final success of the event, so the choice of a broker determines the set of your opportunities in the investment process. Choose according to the parameters you understand: ease of opening an account, commission size, initial investment amount, trading platforms, etc.

For example, BCS Broker offers novice traders a tariff "BCS-Start", which allows you to test various services of the company and get acquainted with the advantages of the stock market. The tariff, for example, assumes reduced commissions for the first 30 calendar days, as well as the possibility of personal consultations with the company's exchange trainers.

Opening an account today is very easy. As a rule, you do not even need to visit the offices of brokerage companies for this. A number of them offer to open an account online, simply by attaching copies of the necessary documents to the application. Carefully study the corresponding section on the website of the selected broker or contact by phone / skype, etc.

When the account is open, you need to decide on the software. Various companies offer their terminals for trading on the market. The most popular and functional program for work on the stock market - QUIK. There are versions of this program not only for a personal computer, but also for the web, and even iQUIK for iPhone and iPad. In any case, your chosen broker will be able to recommend one or another platform and even teach you how to work with it.

Step four: choose your strategy

At the beginning of the text, we conceived of a trip by car. However, it's never too late to change your mind and get to the destination we need by public transport - bus, plane, etc. You just need to buy a ticket. When it comes to investments, you can also refuse to manage your money yourself - just get on a kind of bus (buy, for example, a mutual fund) and relaxedly watch out the window, waiting for you to be brought to financial independence. The path can be winding, long, with a number of stops and all decisions are made by the driver (manager). When you are driving a car, then only you follow the road and choose the route, i.e. those financial instruments that will help you make money, and the strategy for working with them.

As part of this approach, since 2018, BCS has been offering investors a unique innovative product - trading recommendations based on data from artificial intelligence, which are analyzed using a special software package Risk Assessment Innovative System (RAIS). To get access to one of the most modern investment instruments, you need to connect a special tariff

Over time, you yourself will probably understand what you are missing in your work on the stock exchange. Perhaps you need expert help (a broker can provide trading recommendations, and there are a number of communities where you can

The topic of today's publication is the stock market and stock market trading... From it you will learn what constitutes stock exchange trading as a way to make money, how affordable and promising it is for a common man in the street, how you can make money on it, what are the alternatives, and what to do to start trading securities.

So, stock market(securities market) is a kind of trading space where you can buy and sell securities of various issuers. The stock market is one of the four largest world markets, which also include the foreign exchange, commodity market and money market (market for loans).

The goods on the securities market are, which is logical, securities, mainly -. From the link you can read in detail how they differ from each other, here I will dwell on this very briefly:

– Stock- this is, in fact, some share of the company, so its value changes along with how the market price of the issuing company changes. On shares, you can receive both speculative income from resale at a better price, and dividends - a part of the company's distributed profit. The better a company feels on the market, the higher the value of its shares.

– Bond- this is a promissory note, a cash loan of the issuing company from the investor, which is subject to return, and for which the company pays the agreed interest. The value of bonds changes, not based on the price of the company, as in the case of shares, but based on its reliability, the level of risk that the company will go bankrupt, the bond will not be redeemed and the income will not be paid. The higher the reliability of a company, the lower the yield on its bonds, and vice versa. As a company approaches bankruptcy, the price of its bonds falls, as does the price of shares.

The stock market is an exchange market, trading on it is carried out through stock exchanges. At the end of the last century, trading on the stock exchange was available only to professional market participants, but now, with the development of new technologies, anyone who has a computer device and Internet access can actually do it.

The stock market can be conditionally divided into domestic and foreign markets, on which, respectively, securities of domestic and foreign issuers are quoted. Among the countries of the post-Soviet space, the Russian stock market has received the greatest development, in other countries the stock market as such is practically absent, although, of course, certain securities are issued, bought and sold. The American and European stock market is also of interest for making money, where you can trade the securities of the world's largest corporations.

For a resident of America or Europe, owning shares of some companies is as familiar as it is for us to have. Many of them, of course, own securities only for the purpose of receiving dividends or coupon income, or invest in the stock market for the long term, but there are also enough regular trading on the stock exchange, sometimes even teenagers are engaged in this.

In the same publication, I will consider trading on the stock exchange as a way to make active money.

Stock market trading.

Trading on the stock exchange can bring much higher income than investing in securities, but the risks of losses are naturally much higher here. Let's consider how to start trading the stock market.

1. Required amount. First of all, it should be noted that for this it is not necessary to have a million-dollar capital, as many mistakenly believe. The minimum amount to start trading on the stock exchange now can range from 1 to 10 thousand dollars, and on the domestic stock market - even from 10 thousand rubles. The exact minimum threshold amount depends on the intermediary you choose.

2. Trading training. Before you start trading in the stock market, you need to study, at least, the basic principles of this market and trading, learn how to predict the movement of securities quotes with a high degree of accuracy, because this is the main principle of making money. Here you will have to master two areas: and the market. Following the links, you can get acquainted in more detail with what these areas of analysis are, I will only briefly explain:

– Fundamental analysis studies the real economic, political and psychological factors that can affect the quotations of securities on the stock market, both at the country level and at the level of specific companies;

– Technical analysis studies the charts of the movement of quotations in order to predict their changes by mathematical methods.

3. Choosing a reseller. It is very difficult to get access to trading on the stock market on your own and it is unrealistic for a common man in the street. Therefore, those who want to make money on stock speculations trade through intermediaries. In this case, they can be brokerage companies or some commercial banks. The choice of such an intermediary must be approached very carefully, analyzing all the points: from reliability and honesty to the amount of commissions that will have to be paid for the operations performed and the maintenance of the trading account.

4. Installation of a trading terminal. To trade on the stock exchange, you will need to download and install a special program - a trading terminal and master its work. This can be done through the website of your reseller.

5. Training on a demo account. Before you start trading on the stock market with real money, I strongly recommend opening and practicing making transactions without the risk of financial losses. With the help of a demo account, you can fully master the operation of a trading terminal and build your own strategy and trading tactics, that is, learn how to trade in such a way that it is consistently profitable.

6. Opening a trading account and starting trading. I do not advise you to proceed to this stage if you have not yet completely passed the previous one, that is, you have not learned how to consistently extract profit from your trading on the stock exchange (one-time successful transactions do not count). You must also understand that the beginning of operations with real money is always accompanied by a certain psychological attack: a trader can become obsessed with excitement and start making deals on emotions, which the stock market categorically does not accept, and any other operations with money too. Therefore, be extremely careful and attentive, do not deviate from the trading strategy developed on a demo account for no good reason.

If someone tells you that stock market trading is an easy way to make big money fast - don't believe it!

Of course, there are many success stories of people who have made millions and billions of dollars in the stock market. Just look at who and read their success stories: almost all of them got rich by investing in stocks. But these are isolated cases, many more people lost their investments here, for sure you do not want to add to their list.

It should be noted that trading on the stock market is to some extent less risky than, for example, at the same time, here you can find your own disadvantages in comparison with the foreign exchange market. I think that in one of the next articles on the Financial Genius, I will conduct a comparative analysis of these two ways to make money on stock speculation.

For those who want to make money trading securities, but are afraid to do it on their own (which is quite justified), there are alternatives: investing money in or transferring capital to companies trading in the stock market.

I would also like to draw your attention to the fact that starting from 2015 it will be possible to open in Russia, which will allow optimizing the taxation of profits obtained from trading in securities (both independently and by transferring money to management).

In general, we can say that trading on the stock exchange is a good, interesting tool for increasing capital, which can be used as both the main and additional source of income. But it is worth remembering that any tool works well only in skillful hands, and if used illiterate and unprofessional, it can cause serious harm and damage.

You now have a basic understanding of what the stock market is and how the stock exchange is traded. In future publications on I will consider this topic in more detail. Stay tuned for new publications and improve your financial literacy. Until next time!

Hello dear readers of the blog site! Do you want to start trading on the stock exchange, but do not know what you need to know and be able to do? In this article, you will find answers to all your questions.

You already know what trading is. If not, then be sure to read the article:. Further we will talk about everything you need to start trading in the financial markets. Theoretically, in order to start on the exchange, you need to complete only three points:

• Open a trading account with a broker.
• Make money for a deposit.
• Install a trading platform to analyze the market and execute trades.

That's it, after these simple actions you can already make transactions on the exchange! This is what the majority do. But, we hasten to warn you, such a start guarantees you losses or complete emptying of the account. This is not a trade, but a casino game. Yes, you may be lucky at first, but this will have nothing to do with real trading, where decisions are made based on a thorough analysis of the market and planned actions of the trader. Therefore, we suggest that you take your time, but thoroughly prepare before the battle.

Preparing to start trading on the exchange

At first, tune in to serious work right away... Trading on the stock exchange is not a game at all, as many say. A real trader will never say that he is playing on the stock exchange. An exchange is not a casino; prices can be predicted with sufficient accuracy. There are techniques that help determine in advance where the price will go.

Get ready that for the sake of big earnings, you will have to learn, make mistakes, gain experience. And if you try, then everything will definitely pay off. You will receive not only financial independence, but also personal freedom, because you will be your own master. This is exactly what traders trade for. Are you tuned in? We go further with this attitude!

Decide what you will trade

If you want to make transactions with currency, then open an account with a forex broker. We recommend the largest and most reliable in Russia -. This company provides a very wide range of services and the best trading conditions. Many of our traders trade there.

If you decide to work with stocks or futures of Russian companies, then select a tariff and open an account with a broker that provides trading services on the MICEX stock exchange.

Or trade simultaneously on Forex and MICEX. This is no problem! You can open as many accounts and with as many brokers as your heart desires!

Trading platform

After the account is opened, download the trading platform (trading terminal) on the broker's website. In it, you will analyze the market and make deals. The most popular forex trading platform is. It is offered by all leading forex brokers, and this is not without reason, its functionality is very diverse.

For trading on the Russian stock market, the most famous and used terminal for traders is QUIK... We recommend that you use these two platforms. They have proven themselves very well in practice, and have all the necessary functions for trading and market analysis.

The trading platform can be tested. To do this, you need to register a personal account and open a demo account. You will be given demo access to the trading terminal, virtual money will be started, and you will be able to "trade".

Of course, this has nothing to do with real trade. Demo accounts are provided solely for acquaintance with the functionality of the platform. To try out how trades are made and different instruments work, with no risk to your funds.

Learn to trade. Go through.

So, now it's turn to talk about money and the size of a trading account (deposit). In simple words: how much money you need to trade.

What size of the deposit should be for trading on the stock exchange and forex

There is an opinion that some incredible amounts of money are needed to trade on the stock exchange. This is what amateurs say, who understand absolutely nothing about trading. In reality, you can start trading from $ 100. Each broker has its own threshold for the minimum amount to open an account: for example, minimum deposit from the largest forex broker in Russia, only 100 $.

In order to open an account with a broker to trade shares of Russian companies, you will need approximately 10 thousand rubles.

You are probably wondering how much money to bring on deposit. There are several notes for this:

• The money you want to trade (especially if you're a beginner) doesn't have to be the last one. Those. the loss of money, for any reason, will not bring much damage to your financial situation.
• The amount on the account should not be very small. You need to understand the seriousness of the situation and feel responsible. With a meager amount on the account, psychologically, it will be difficult to rebuild to larger amounts.

After the account is opened, the money is deposited, the trading platform is installed and configured, it's time to learn how to trade on the exchange.

What you need to know in order to trade on the exchange

Making decisions about the moments of transactions is the most basic skill in trading, which must be constantly honed, developed and improved. After all, there is no progress without development.

First, study the information about what you will be trading. All financial instruments (currencies, stocks, futures, etc.) have trading specifications, which indicate the necessary parameters. For example, the cost of the price step, lot size, etc. All information is located either on the website of your broker or on the website of the exchange on which you trade.

Forecasting the price on the exchange

Traders make decisions based on the analysis of the instrument being traded. Analyzes are divided into two types:

• Technical;
• Fundamental;

The object of technical analysis is the price chart. It uses a variety of line plotting, indicators and other theories. In this, technical analysis is fundamentally different from fundamental analysis, in which the main work is done with economic data: financial statements of companies, etc.

Usually, technical analysis is used by active speculators who often trade. While investors prefer the fundamental, because invest in business, and for this you need to be able to evaluate companies - this is a rather laborious process.

So choose what is closer to you: to be an investor or a speculator. Of course, within the framework of this article, it is simply impossible to thoroughly make out both types of analysis. Therefore, read about them separately.

Conclusion

We suggest that you proceed in exactly the same sequence as written in this article. Everything has been tested with our own money, so the proposed option is the most optimal. If you have any misunderstandings or any questions - we invite you to comment. We will be happy to answer.

Good luck in trading!

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