Presentation on history "Culture and life of the late XV - XVI centuries." Presentation on history "Culture and life of the late XV - XVI centuries" Presentation of food in the 15th and 16th centuries
The purpose of the lesson: consider life in Rus' in the 16th centuries. and reveal the lifestyle of people of that time.
Tasks:
Educational - to lead students, based on historical material, to a conclusion about the peculiarities of life in Rus'
Developmental – to develop logical thinking, speech, and creative abilities of schoolchildren.
Educational - to evoke patriotic feelings, respect for one’s ancestors, their life and way of life.
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Everyday life is a person’s daily life, the set of conditions in which it takes place.
Russia mother! Praise be to you! Over the centuries you have seen a lot, If you could speak, You would tell a lot. You reflected in the smooth surface of the waters both the first Kremlin and the new city, What our Russian people built under the first pine wall. Very often, behind the events and the hustle and bustle of the days, we don’t remember our Antiquity, We forget about it. And even though flights to the moon are more familiar to us, Let's remember Russian customs, Let's remember our antiquity!
Russian stove
04/12/17 Daily life
Think about what foods were not consumed during that period? BREAD WHITE BREAD BLACK TEA COFFEE SUGAR SALT BEER PEAS BUCKWHEAT MILLET RICE PEPPER DRIED FISH MELONS CARROTS CUCUMBERS TOMATOES CABBAGE POTATOES SUNFLOWER
04/12/17 PRINCE CLOTHING
CLOTHING OF THE RUSSIAN NOBILITY
04/12/17 CLOTHING OF NOTABLE WOMEN
Folk life in the 16th century retained its previous features. Russian people professed Christianity. The most revered holiday was Easter, dedicated to the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. Along with church traditions, pagan traditions were also preserved - on Christmastide, people organized games and rituals, people dressed up and went from house to house singing and dancing. The Stoglavy Council tried to ban these festivities, but the ban was not implemented. A. Korzukhin. Hen-party.
People tried to generalize their agricultural experience, as a result of which an agricultural calendar arose, compiled in accordance with local natural conditions. Foreign influence was felt in the cities, men appeared without beards, skullcaps, etc. The Church fought against the new fashion and equated it with heretical views. K. Lebedev. Folk dance.
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Dictionary:
- Administrative buildings are buildings in which government bodies are located.
- Prikaznaya hut;
- Voivode's Court;
- Cannon barn;
- The Sovereign's granary;
- Jail.
- Posad is a part of a Russian city outside the city wall, inhabited by merchants and artisans.
- a place for cooking and women's household work.
- It was the busiest place in the hut.
- bakers
- sub-heating
- cabbage roll
- damper
- views
- damper
- The bread was placed in the oven in silence; While he is not scolding in the oven, he is not sweeping the floor. While the oven is open, no one should leave the house.
- Salt, a symbol used in combination with bread, protects the bread and home from hostile forces.
- Salt was expensive, so salt shakers were carefully decorated with paintings and carvings
- According to some beliefs, if you leave spoons in a pot or bowl, it will be difficult to fall asleep at night. To have a good night's sleep, it was advised to turn the pots over on a table or shelf.
- The spoon played a significant role in people's lives.
- It was one of the few personal belongings of the peasant. Before eating, the spoon was placed with the notch up, which meant an invitation to eat; After the meal they turned it over, making it clear that they were full.
- The sieve embodied the idea of wealth and fertility. It was likened to the vault of heaven. To make it rain, peasants poured water through a sieve. And when they tried to stop the rain, they turned it over.
- High angle
- Diagonally from the stove there is a “large” corner with a shelf-shrine for icons.
- On one side of the shrine, along the front wall, there was a “wedding” shop, on the other side, along the side wall, there was a “mortal” shop.
- The large corner is where men work.
- It was the most spacious and calm, quiet and secluded. There was enough space to rest and settle in for the night. A cradle for a baby was hung here. In the daytime, old people worked here with young children.
- On the side of the stove -
- Back angle
Architecture In the process of forming a state with a center in Moscow, a new all-Russian style of monumental architecture began to be created. This style was characterized by the creative use of old architectural traditions and their enrichment with the achievements of European architecture of the Renaissance.
For example, in 1476-1479, the famous architect Aristotle Fioravanti, invited from Italy, built a new majestic Assumption Cathedral. For example, in 1476-1479, the famous architect Aristotle Fioravanti, invited from Italy, built a new majestic Assumption Cathedral.
An unsurpassed masterpiece of Russian architecture is the Church of the Intercession on the Moat (St. Basil's Church), erected in 1561 to commemorate the conquest of Kazan. Its authors were Russian masters Barma and Postnik Yakovlev. It is interesting that the cathedral was originally white, and received its usual color only in the 17th century. An unsurpassed masterpiece of Russian architecture is the Church of the Intercession on the Moat (St. Basil's Church), erected in 1561 to commemorate the conquest of Kazan. Its authors were Russian masters Barma and Postnik Yakovlev. It is interesting that the cathedral was originally white, and received its usual color only in the 17th century.
Painting The formation of national architecture was accompanied by the rise of Russian fine art. This rise is associated with the name of the great Russian painter Andrei Rublev. In the first quarter of the 15th century, he, together with the icon painter Daniil Cherny, decorated a number of Moscow cathedrals with frescoes and icons.
The pinnacle of A. Rublev’s creativity was the “Trinity” icon, painted in the Trinity-Sergius Monastery near Moscow. The work of A. Rublev had a great influence on the further development of Russian painting. The pinnacle of A. Rublev’s creativity was the “Trinity” icon, painted in the Trinity-Sergius Monastery near Moscow. The work of A. Rublev had a great influence on the further development of Russian painting.
Enlightenment One of the most significant achievements was printing. The first printing house appeared in Moscow in 1553, and soon books of church content were printed here. The organization of the “sovereign Printing House” was entrusted to Ivan Fedorov.
Together with his assistant Peter Mstislavets, he published the book “Apostle” (March 1, 1564), and the following year – “The Book of Hours”. We also associate the name of Fedorov with the appearance in 1574 in Lvov of the first edition of the Russian Primer. Together with his assistant Peter Mstislavets, he published the book “Apostle” (March 1, 1564), and the following year – “The Book of Hours”. We also associate the name of Fedorov with the appearance in 1574 in Lvov of the first edition of the Russian Primer.
Life The living conditions of Russian people have changed little. As before, the main type of dwelling was the hut, heated in black. In boyar mansions there were stoves with a chimney. The windows were covered with bull's bubble, in rich houses - with mica. The room was illuminated with a torch or oil lamps. In the 16th century, stone residential buildings began to appear in cities.
The work can be used for lessons and reports on the subject "History"
Ready-made presentations on history are intended both for independent study by students and for teachers during lessons. When using a history presentation in the educational process, teachers spend less time preparing for the lesson and increase the assimilation of the material by students. In this section of the site you can download ready-made presentations on history for grades 5,6,7,8,9,10, as well as many presentations on the history of the fatherland.
1. Cities. As the Russian state expanded, new cities were built. They served primarily as military strongholds. Cities were located in places where there was natural water protection. Stone or brick fortifications were very rare in the 16th century. Cities were built with wooden or earthen fortifications. Outside the inner walls of the city were administrative buildings (buildings that house government bodies). The official hut where city administration was concentrated.
The stove took up a lot of space in the living room. It was very crowded in the hut; at night they lay down either on benches or on special wooden floors. The limited space of the hut forced the peasants to have only the most necessary things. Wide bench boards were attached to the walls or benches with legs were placed. The table was moving towards them
A weekly bath was mandatory for the whole family. In some areas, people rubbed themselves with radish or wild pepper in the bathhouse to cure a cold. Everywhere in Rus' there was a custom: after steaming in a bathhouse, throwing yourself into the cold water of a river or lake or into a snowdrift. It hardened people.
3. Clothes. Clothing has not undergone much change over several centuries. The shirt and ports continued to form the basis of the wardrobe. The outerwear was the caftan. The peasants sewed it from gray homemade cloth. Wealthy people were distinguished by the fact that they wore a caftan made of colored thin cloth. The peasants still wore bast shoes on their feet.
There was more variety in women's clothing. It was achieved through the use of embroidery, lace, ribbons and other decorative elements. But the set of clothes itself was small: a shirt, a sundress, a warmer. Bandages were worn on the head, tied at the back with ribbons. Married women carefully hid their hair under a special silk cap.
The clothing of the nobility differed from that of the common people in its special splendor. Rich people loved to decorate their clothes with furs, embroidery, lace, pearls, precious stones, an abundance of clothes put on one another. The high standing collar, a source of special pride for noble dandies, was made of satin, velvet and brocade. Boots were worn from thin, soft saffiano leather, mostly red, with iron horseshoes. The attire of a noble woman had the same features. Tightening the figure was considered indecent. Therefore, the clothes were wide and long. Women's shoes were made of morocco and featured a luxurious pattern embroidered with gold or pearls.
4. Food The main food of the Russian people was bread. The peasants ate mainly rye or black bread. Everyday food was cabbage soup and porridge; in the summer they ate a lot of vegetables. Where there were large rivers and lakes, they mainly ate fish, with fish soup being their favorite. Meat rarely appeared on the peasant table on weekdays. Festive dishes were a rare occurrence in peasant life. The favorite foods of wealthy people were boiled and fried fish, various fish dishes, caviar, okroshka, pancakes, and pancakes. They drank wine and honey. Russian people, regardless of their income, loved pies very much.
Slide 2
Architecture
In the process of forming a state with a center in Moscow, a new all-Russian style of monumental architecture began to be created. This style was characterized by the creative use of old architectural traditions and their enrichment with the achievements of European architecture of the Renaissance.
Slide 3
For example, in 1476-1479, the famous architect Aristotle Fioravanti, invited from Italy, built a new majestic Assumption Cathedral.
Slide 4
An unsurpassed masterpiece of Russian architecture is the Church of the Intercession on the Moat (St. Basil's Church), erected in 1561 to commemorate the conquest of Kazan. Its authors were Russian masters Barma and Postnik Yakovlev. It is interesting that the cathedral was originally white, and received its usual color only in the 17th century.
Slide 5
St. Basil's Cathedral
Slide 6
Painting
The formation of national architecture was accompanied by the rise of Russian fine art. This rise is associated with the name of the great Russian painter Andrei Rublev. In the first quarter of the 15th century, he, together with the icon painter Daniil Cherny, decorated a number of Moscow cathedrals with frescoes and icons.
Slide 7
The pinnacle of A. Rublev’s creativity was the “Trinity” icon, painted in the Trinity-Sergius Monastery near Moscow. The work of A. Rublev had a great influence on the further development of Russian painting.
Slide 8
Education
One of the greatest achievements was printing. The first printing house appeared in Moscow in 1553, and soon books of church content were printed here. The organization of the “sovereign Printing House” was entrusted to Ivan Fedorov.
Slide 9
Together with his assistant Peter Mstislavets, he published the book “Apostle” (March 1, 1564), and the following year – “The Book of Hours”. We also associate the name of Fedorov with the appearance in 1574 in Lvov of the first edition of the Russian Primer.
