There are several factors influencing the effectiveness of a presentation that need to be taken into account when planning it: presenter (presenter), audience, subject, time frame and location. In addition, we need to determine the type of presentation we need.

What is the nature of the place: formal, informal, businesslike.

The presenter should be as prepared as possible for all kinds of questions and comments from the audience. Time for them can be allocated at the end of the presentation, before it begins, or during the presentation. To make a favorable impression, the speaker must listen carefully and approve of the person asking the question or commenting on his statement, determine the type of question, thank him and give an answer. If someone in the audience behaves provocatively, it is necessary to remain calm, remain polite, but act decisively and not lose control of the situation.

Language determines the style and tone of the entire event, and also sets the pace of the presentation. It must suit the audience; it must be sensitive to its cultural needs. Depending on the subject of the presentation and the characteristics of the audience, as well as on the goals set, it is necessary to choose one or another verbal style.

You should not overuse: hackneyed phrases and expressions, avoid redundancy (absolutely necessary), ambiguous expressions that can offend, frequent use of the word “I”.

Types and purposes of business presentations.

A business presentation refers to negotiations between representatives of different companies to consider business issues. Depending on the issues being addressed, presentations may have the following purposes:

Company presentation. The goals of such a presentation are: creating the company’s image among the business community, creating or recreating a favorable image of the company, advertising the company’s name. In essence, such a presentation is part of the organization’s advertising campaign.

Presentation of a business project. The purpose of this type of presentation is to inform people about a project, determine feedback to the project, and search for those interested in supporting the development and implementation of the project. This type of presentation is the most demanding in terms of presentation form, content and preparation), since it involves convincing the audience of the need to develop or implement the project.

· Report on completed work. The goal is to familiarize and provide a certain narrow group of people with the results of the work. Such a presentation is less demanding in terms of following certain preparation rules and may well be spontaneous if the necessary data is at hand and is kept in perfect order.

· Discussion of the future work plan. This presentation is similar to the previous type of presentation, only the object here is the future work of an organization or individual. Its goals may be: informing a certain circle of people about the planned work, describing the planned work in order to confirm the object of the presentation for critical analysis and change.

Product presentation. The goals of such a presentation are clear: creating knowledge about a new brand, product or service in the target market, introducing consumers to new product features, store schedules, etc., achieving brand preference, etc. Such presentations can be internal and external presentations.

Internal presentation – held within one organization (one of the employees addresses his colleagues). They, in turn, are divided into “ascending” (subordinates present something to higher-ranking employees of the organization) and “downward” (speech by management).

At the stage of product presentation, we provide the client with information about the product, demonstrate it and argue the benefits of the purchase. An effective presentation significantly increases the likelihood of making a purchase and is a key point in communicating with the client.

Presentation rules

1. Link “Characteristic-Advantage-Benefit”

The advantage of this method of presentation is that your client gets a complete understanding of the properties of the product and how it will help solve their particular problem.

Characteristic- an objective property of an object, its inherent quality, design feature. Answers the question “what is this? What is in the object?

Advantage- operating principle of the characteristic. Answers the question “How does it work?”

Benefit- an explanation of how the item solves the client's problem. When describing a benefit, try to use the same words and expressions that the client used when describing his need. Answers the client’s question: “Why do I need this?”

HPV example:

Cream "Beauty-K"»contains hyaluronic acid(X) which perfectly retains moisture in the skin(P) , which means your skin will look fresh and elastic(IN) .

This multicooker has a special two-layer coating (X), which is more durable and scratch resistant (P), which means that it will serve you for a long time (IN).

2. The presentation should not be long

If the salesperson talks for too long, the client gets tired and his attention wanders. Break the information into blocks, and in between, ask the client additional questions, let’s try/touch the product. This way, you will constantly involve the client in the conversation and maintain his interest.

3. Keep it simple

Try to replace complex terms with simpler words, and avoid excessive use of professionalism in speech. Your main task is to explain to the client the benefits of the product, and not to show off your knowledge of terminology.

4. Let me try the product

Offer to try on the product, touch it, try out a demo version, if possible. A client’s personal positive experience is one of the most powerful incentives to purchase.

5. Belief in the product

Finally, your personal attitude towards the product should be positive. If the seller is not loyal to the product, he cannot confidently present it and certainly cannot handle objections efficiently. And vice versa, if the seller is confident in the advantages of the product, this is noticeable in his intonation, gestures, and facial expressions. And this is also a factor influencing the buyer’s purchasing decision.

Healthy

If your employees need training to develop skills in presenting goods and services, then you can order our branded one. In it, we analyze both classic techniques for presenting goods and original ones. We study the stages of product presentation and the most common mistakes of sellers.

EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION

Materials offered to students of distance courses

Excerpts from pedagogical methods

Efficiency - from lat. effectivus - giving a certain result, effective. Expedient, increases some indicators.

In business, a multimedia presentation has long become an effective marketing tool, the purpose of which, first of all, is a vivid, memorable presentation of a product, service, or company to an audience of customers and clients. Hence, there are clear requirements for the behavior of the speaker and the slides themselves, which must be imprinted and in the future bring income to the company (see A. Popov “How to make presentations and slides.” The book is intended for managers of business companies, but it contains a lot of good advice that is suitable for educational presentations. http://www.*****/projects/txt/presentations/index.shtml).

What to present in pedagogy? The most logical thing is to share your experience with your colleagues by preparing open lessons or seminars for advanced training courses. But can a presentation help in the learning process and increase the comprehension of the material?

Let's formulate: what indicators do we want to improve when working with a presentation in class? In the description of the author's developments, teachers, as a rule, write: “to increase interest in the topic being studied, to develop skills in analysis and systematization of material.” But, looking at the finished presentations, it remains unclear how interest is increased and students’ skills in systematizing the material are formed (consolidated).

Important. When you treat guests to tea and sandwiches, you do not focus their attention on what knife you used to cut the ingredients of the treat. Your goal is to satisfy your hunger while demonstrating your culinary skills (it must be delicious). When using a presentation (as, indeed, ICT in general) in a lesson, it is important, first of all, to think about the main thing: about the purpose and objectives of the lesson and about the students, for whom, with the help of a presentation, the lesson material can be more accessible, understandable, and interesting. The effectiveness of the presentation depends only on this.

Let's give examples.

Story. The movement of troops, made in the form of an animated model against the background of the battle map (Slide show - Animation settings). Ability to simulate other battle scenarios to discuss the concepts of strategy and tactics.

Geography. Presentation with a selection of high-quality photographs of mountains (Pamir, Tien Shan, Cardillera, Dombay, etc.) for the topic “Mountains” (Insert-Drawing-From File). Creating interest in a deeper study of the topic (depressions and heights, etc.), preparing for the homework “Come up with a mountain legend.”

Mathematics. Construction of figures and their sections in a dynamic sequence to save time in the lesson (drawing on the board) in two parallel classes.

Literature. Consideration of certain characteristics of two literary characters in parallel (on one slide - two portraits, two scenes from the play, two passages of text for analysis, etc.).

You can demonstrate only 2 slides in a lesson, harmoniously complementing the topic, the information on which will not duplicate the textbook or your oral history. But the effect of viewing and discussing them will be a more meaningful understanding by students of the essence of the issue, a desire to explore the topic more deeply (for example, as part of project activities). This is how we will interpret the concept of “effective educational presentation.”

Planning your presentation

At the preparatory stage, before you start working at the computer, you need to answer the following questions for yourself, as an author:

Who are your listeners?

What experience do they have (the material should be prepared in an advanced form, an accessible form for an intermediate level, or a simplified version)?

How many people will be spectators?

What can you do to capture attention and maintain interest?

How much time will you have to perform?

What are your goals?

How will you start and end your speech?

How will you structure your presentation and what will you use?

What will you ask?

What questions might they ask you?

What equipment and demo materials do you need?

How many people will be spectators? What presentation style might the audience prefer? What questions might they ask you?

Benefits of Multimedia Presentations

We are studying tools. Today we have MS PowerPoint at our disposal, and tomorrow we will have an improved version or a completely different program. It is important to understand why, for what purpose we use it in our work, how it can be useful in specific situations.

Let's try to highlight some advantages.

It is possible to fully demonstrate the advantages and merits of the topic (the presented project) using graphic, text, audio and video information. The ability to clearly substantiate your arguments. Presentations make it possible to present information not only in a sequence convenient for perception, but also to effectively combine sound and visual images, select dominant colors and color combinations that will create a positive attitude among viewers towards the information presented. The ability to focus the attention of your interlocutors on the key points you have chosen. Repeated use of one multimedia presentation, supplementing it with new text and graphic materials, periodic modification.

At the same time, it is worth remembering that the main character (in lessons, conferences, defenses, etc.) is not the presentation, but the person (teacher, speaker). Therefore, at the stage of planning a presentation, it is necessary to clearly understand the scenario of your speech: the purpose of the presentation, the sequence of issues to be considered, what to show and what to voice, time for dialogue, time for summing up, etc.

“Give me a point of support and I will change the world!” What is the “fulcrum” when creating a presentation? If we are talking about educational presentations, then this is, first of all, a PEDAGOGICAL METHODOLOGY. Not the capabilities of a specific program, not the animation effects, not the task of conducting an open lesson. We must understand what new (different from the “classical” forms of work in the lesson) ways, options, conditions we can “play out” with the help of a presentation so that our students (audience) perceive (understand) the material.

Question: How do you think you can engage your audience through a presentation? Name at least three techniques.

Presentation clarity

“Vision is not a purely mechanical act. It is determined by spiritual qualities,” wrote G. Wölfflin. “The way of seeing is subject to development.”

When we ourselves prepare material for demonstration, we need to understand the audience and their needs. The textbook contains material for the “average school student.” We, knowing the characteristics of the class, the level of preparedness of the children, can choose more understandable images, accessible definitions, and a convenient sequence of presentation of the material. We can choose “primitives” or sophisticated images to visually illustrate a particular phenomenon (event, character), place emphasis on moments that are important to a specific audience, and create a certain mood for immersion in the topic.

Presentation packaging is the last stage that affects the effectiveness of using the product in the future on other computers. Packaging allows you to properly save the presentation (including all application files: sound, video, special programs, additional fonts).

We remind you that before saving the presentation, you need to take care of its optimization, i.e., compress the images. Having selected any picture in the presentation, do the following: “Format-Picture”, “Picture” tab, “Compression”, and then check the boxes - “apply to all pictures in the document”, “change resolution for the Internet and screen”, “compress pictures” ", "remove cropped areas of drawings". The "Image Adjustments" toolbar also automatically pops up when you click on the picture, or "View-Toolbars - Image Adjustments".

From the File menu, select Prepare for CD. The Pack to Burn to CD dialog box opens.

1. In the CD Name field, enter a name for the folder, such as Presentation.

2. Click the “Add Files” button (adding files used in presentations - sound, illustrations, text applications, etc.)

4. Click the Options button. If the show will be performed on a computer without PowerPoint, the PowerPoint Viewer must be enabled. The combo box offers an option to “Play all presentations automatically in the order specified.” This is necessary if multiple presentations are being packaged. Click the arrow to view other available playback options. Leave the default option (first) selected.

5. You also need to be sure that the audio (video) files will be packaged in the same folder; their links now point to your computer. Therefore, leave the Linked Files checkbox checked.

6. Confidentiality of access to the presentation will be affected by the author entering a password or ignoring these fields. The password is applied to the files. ppt, .pot, .pps or .mht in a package and only applies to packaged versions; The original passwords of any files will not be changed.

8. In the Pack to Burn to CD dialog box, click the Copy to Folder button. The folder has already been given a name; so select the location where you want to save it, click the Select button, and then click OK. PowerPoint will create a folder and package the files into it.

9. Click the Close button.

http://ito-center. *****/edu/download/list1/004/4-3.3.pdf - details on how to make animation effects in a presentation. http://www. *****/files/progobuch1/new_page_57.htm - tips for working, including with animation in the presentation. http://www. /htm/kopilka/uroki1/32.htm - applying special effects and links (lesson). http://www. *****/department/office/intelteach/14/ - all about creating a multimedia presentation (with step-by-step instructions). http://www. *****/department/office/intelteach/14/8.html - presentation packaging.

Additional sources (books, courses, articles) about working with MS PowerPoint

Training courses, new products, consultations on working with MS PowerPoint on the Microsoft Office Online website.

http://office. /ru-ru/powerpoint/FX.aspx

A. Popov How to make presentations and slides. The book is aimed at business managers, but there is a lot of good advice in it that is suitable for training presentations.

http://www. *****/projects/txt/presentations/index. shtml

Club "PowerPoint" http://www. *****/main. php? area=club&level=advice&cat=1 Answers to questions from presentation developers.

Making a presentation in Flash. Quick guide.

http://*****/articles/index. php? idart=145

· As an epigraph (important)

The presentation must contain correctly formatted quotations (see http://*****/spravka/letters/?rub=rubric_76) and links to Internet sources (see http://*****/spravka/ letters/?rub=rubric_79).

We offer you only a few excerpts from the book “Practical Pedagogy for Beginning Teachers” (M., 2003, “Association for Professional Education”), which provide answers in sufficient detail to the questions “what an effective presentation should be.”

Three levels of training: first the thought must work, then the memory and at the final stage the hands. In modern interpretation, these levels are called levels of understanding, assimilation and application:

Elements of the first level (awareness, comprehension, generalization). Understanding educational information. It is based on establishing a correspondence between word and image. For such correspondence, the interaction of the first and second human signaling systems is necessary. Thus, when familiarizing with figurative information, the student tries to present it in verbal expression, and translate what he hears into the language of images.

Comprehension of information. The basis of comprehension is the establishment of relationships between concepts and ideas, as well as the nature of these relationships. Before you remember, you need to understand. That is, establishing a large number of connections between units of assimilation during the lesson contributes to their better understanding.

The main types and techniques of generalization can be used:

Conceptual generalizations – identifying common features, highlighting essential features;

Generalization at the level of concepts of the second kind - combining concepts, using analogies;

Generalizations are interdisciplinary and intermathematical;

Statistical generalizations using means, frequencies, and communication frequency estimates;

Thematic generalizations using one-dimensional, two-dimensional and multidimensional classifications, connection matrices and structural-logical diagrams.

The following examples can serve as a clear illustration of the use of the above types of classifications.

In history: which of the listed events occurred under Peter I (several historical events and corresponding dates are given).

In physics: classify the following concepts - pressure, speed, inertia, force, density.

- Direct inclusion (involvement) of the audience in the essence of the problem (phenomenon) under consideration, refraining from bringing one’s own arguments (posing problematic questions, creating a problematic situation).

- « The effect of surprise." Use unexpected and unknown information to students that is relevant to the topic under consideration, as well as prominent formulations with a “reviving effect.”

- “Provocation.” For a short period of time, cause students to react in disagreement with the information presented.

Hyperbola.

Comparison of different points of view on the issue under consideration.

The psychologist notes that perception through the visual channel is carried out at three levels: sensation, perception and representation, and through the auditory channel - only at the level of representation. That is, the information read is perceived better than “hearing”.

An interesting theory of information perception was proposed by Academician Amosov; in this theory, human processing of information occurs at several levels (codes): the level of signs (conventional images), the level of words, the level of phrases and the level of meaning. Moreover, in practice, the role of higher levels - words, phrases, meaning is overestimated and the level of conditionally schematic images is underestimated. Although it has the highest throughput. It is advisable to use schematic images to reveal the essence of complex phenomena and processes, the description of which is difficult with generally accepted verbal methods. The ideal version of the presentation seems to be one in which each issue under consideration is accompanied by illustrated material, and words are used to establish connections between them, clarify and draw conclusions.

Visual information has its own patterns. Here are some of them.

A vertical line takes longer to read than a horizontal line, although they are equal in size. It follows that text printed in a column is read slower than its horizontal version.

Psychologists say that there should be an odd number of vertical text listings: 3,5,7. And the largest number that a person remembers is 7+2. An even number of vertically written enumerations is remembered worse.

American researchers involved in the psychology of perception determined back in the 20s that information located on the board in the upper right corner is best remembered. She has 33% of our attention. Then come the upper left (28%), lower right (23%) and lower left (16%) corners, respectively.

Comprehension of the material influences the strength of memorization. Teachers should consider ensuring that students have a deep and vivid impression of what they are about to remember.

An effective way for students to remember material is to associate it with other information they know, but to consider that information from every possible perspective. This can be helped by answering the following questions: Why is this so? When does this happen? Where does this happen? Who said this is so? And so on.

The main objectives of the final part of the lesson, as a rule, are:

· Summarizing and summarizing the educational material reviewed;

· Strengthening the impression of the lesson and consolidating its main provisions in the minds of students;

· Setting specific educational objectives and recommendations for their implementation in front of the audience.

The conclusion may include a call to action, a setup, a sincere compliment, a humorous ending, poetic lines or quotes, a climax, i.e., a point of greatest tension or rise, etc.

Periodization criteria

(author of periodization D. Elkonin, additions F. Morgun)

Preschool childhood (3-7 years):

Social development situation: Child Adult.

To understand relationships.

Personal (need-motivational).

Leading activities: Role-playing.

Personal developments: internal position, subordination of motives.

Junior school childhood (7-12 years old):

child peers.

What is the purpose of cognitive activity: for knowledge of elementary sciences.

Which area of ​​the psyche is predominantly developed: intellectual and cognitive activity.

Leading activities: teaching.

Personal developments: production goal setting.

Young adolescence (12-15 years):

Social development situation: younger teenager = peers

What is the purpose of cognitive activity: to understand the system of relationships in different situations.

Which area of ​​the psyche is predominantly developed: personal (need-motivational).

Leading activities: intimate and personal communication.

Personal developments: ability to identify.

Older adolescence (15-17 years):

Social development situation: Older teenagers peers.

What is the purpose of cognitive activity: for knowledge of professions.

Which area of ​​the psyche is predominantly developed: educational.

Leading activities: educational and professional.

Personal developments: feeling of loneliness, first love.

Lesson No. 2 “Searching and using Internet resources in a presentation”

Today everyone knows what Internet search is, but we need to understand the problems and features (dangers) of the Internet as a resource, especially in the educational field.

Features of publications on the Internet:

Positive:

1. The ability to keep the information presented up to date.

2. Rich variety of “useful” data.

Negative:

1. Huge volumes (tens of billions of information objects).

2. A large number of unreliable documents.

3. Rapid development of technical means of working with documents.

A practical way out of a negative impasse is to use “reliable sources” at the initial stages of searching (encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books, specialized literature, media publications, archival funds, museum exhibitions, etc.). What does the use of classical sources give:

1. Orientation in correct terminology.

2. Orientation in relatively verified facts.

This allows you to create a certain information base for your own work, which can be further expanded using other, including unreliable, sources using critical thinking methods.

Sources

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books. These are classical sources, which are used, as a rule, at the initial stage of research and allow one to navigate the problems of problems, their terminology, and identify the main components of the system being studied.

On the one hand, the most accessible source (short encyclopedias are available in many libraries), and on the other hand, fundamental encyclopedic publications are either outdated (the Great Soviet Encyclopedia was published more than 30 years ago) or are not available to local libraries due to high cost, small circulation and etc. Encyclopedias on the Internet (e There are both free and paid ones). The most popular today are the Rubricon portal (http://www.) and the Encyclopedia section of the Yandex search engine (http://slovari. *****).

Publications in the media. Probably, many remember the times when thematic clippings from newspapers and magazines were neatly folded into folders or even pasted into special albums. A huge “advantage” of such publications (compared to specialized literature) is their journalistic nature. Today, the Internet allows you to quickly search large-scale archives of publications, attracting not only central but also regional media. Internet Media Archives. Most central, as well as some regional and municipal media outlets have their own websites, including those containing archives of publications in electronic form. Examples include the websites of “Teacher’s Newspaper” (http://www. *****), “Russian Journal” http://**, “Science and Life” (http://www. *** **).

Specialized literature. Undoubtedly, this is one of the most significant types of sources. Today, Internet users have a unique opportunity to gain access to central library catalogs and use the “electronic document delivery” service: materials that interest an Internet visitor can be scanned and either sent by email or posted on a server for downloading. However, as a rule, this service is paid, but convenient, and in many situations it is the only way to obtain the materials of interest. As an example, we will indicate the addresses of the websites of the largest domestic libraries - the Russian State Library (formerly the "Lenin Library" - http://www. *****) and the St. Petersburg "Russian National Library" (formerly the "Saltykov Library" Shchedrin" - http://www. *****).

Archival funds. For a professional researcher, this is one of the main sources of primary information, but in many cases it is still completely inaccessible to most people without a special direction. Many archives (especially central ones) today have their own websites that allow you to familiarize yourself with their catalog and sometimes with individual documents. In addition, virtual exhibitions with the presentation of some documents are periodically organized on the archives’ websites. Interesting examples include the website of the Central State Archive of Film and Photo Documents of St. Petersburg (http://photoarchive. *****) and the catalog website “State Archives of the Russian Federation”, including one storing photographic documents about the Great Patriotic War ( http://**).

Museum websites. Museum websites often contain virtual exhibitions and can also serve as examples of how to build virtual exhibitions. Today there are quite a lot of museum websites on the Internet. Their addresses can be found on the “Museums of Russia” portal (http://*****).

Search engines and directories on the Internet

In addition to the specialized resources of the listed types, a colossal amount of materials (articles, photographs, drawings, etc.) have been published on the Internet, which can be useful sources of information in research activities. Such resources can be found using search engines, of which there are more than a dozen today. The most popular among Russian users are Yandex (http://www. *****), Google (http://www.), Rambler (http://www. ***** ), “Aport” (http://www. *****).

The principle of using such search engines is simple: the user must enter keywords that, in his opinion, describe the topic of the materials being sought, the system selects documents and provides the user with a list of links to the selected materials.

It is important to understand that no search engine searches the live web, but performs this operation in a special database of its own, which stores a description of a certain set of documents from the Internet. The composition of the documents included in the database is specific to each specific system and is always incomplete in relation to the true state of the Network. This is why you can never answer the question: “which search engine is better?”

When solving research problems, an important indicator of search efficiency is its completeness, which characterizes how many documents were found in relation to what could be found on the Internet. The obvious fact is that Any search conducted is obviously incomplete, both for objective (there are always documents that are not represented in the database of the search engines used) and for subjective reasons (the sets of keywords specified by users are not always perfect). But if the fight against objective reasons is beyond the capabilities of the user, then working on the “quality” of queries is one of the important tools for increasing the completeness of search in research tasks.

Let's take a closer look at some aspects of the methodology for improving the “quality” of queries. First of all, you need to understand that the search procedure must be cyclical: the user enters keywords - the system selects documents - the user analyzes the results and clarifies the composition of the request, after which the search is repeated. The more complex the research problem, the more search iterations may be required.

When refining queries, in addition to including new keywords selected from found documents, you can use other expansion techniques based on existing keywords:

specification of existing terms (for example, for the term “Moscow” the specification terms “city”, “hero city” can be used); use of synonyms, synonymous expressions for existing terms; the use of outdated, modified terms, canceled and replaced concepts (for example, the outdated term “electronic computer” instead of the term “computer”, the name “Leningrad” instead of “St. Petersburg”, etc.); the use of names of people associated with the development of the concepts used, with the events being studied, etc. information about countries, localities, settlements, etc., associated with the concept used.

In addition to techniques for changing queries at each next “turn” of the search, to increase the completeness of its results, you should also use various search engines. It is easy to verify experimentally that for the same request the results produced by different systems will almost always be different.

Internet and presentation

Keeping in mind what was discussed in lesson No. 1, that we do not make technology or the Internet the starting point for planning an effective presentation, but the pedagogical tasks facing us, we will outline five principles of pedagogical technology that will help us understand how and why we should use the Internet -resources in the presentation. Read carefully and try to “try on” these principles of Internet technology.

Principles of Pedagogical Technique (1999)

PRINCIPLE OF FREEDOM OF CHOICE

In any teaching or control action, where it is possible to provide the student with the right to choose. With one important condition: the right to choose is always balanced by conscious responsibility for one’s choice.

Here are just some examples of free choice: "asks students many problems, and they themselves choose to solve any of them; children themselves choose which difficult words the teacher should write on the board; gives students only a topic, and students themselves determine which object to make and from what material (“Fundamentals of Pedagogical Mastery” / Ed. M.: Education, 1989. P. 211.).

PRINCIPLE OF OPENNESS

Not only to give knowledge but also to show its boundaries. Confront the student with problems whose solutions lie outside the scope of the course being studied.

No, it is not the sum of answers to a standard list of questions neatly put into one’s head that is the main asset of a student! What problems are solved at school? So-called “closed” problems, that is, having an exact condition (from point A to point B...), a strict solution algorithm, and the only correct answer. What tasks does life pose for a person? Open tasks! Having a fairly vague condition that allows options (how to find a job? a life partner? How to increase the profit of the enterprise? reduce the likelihood of an accident?..), different solutions, a set of probable answers.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

Students’ acquisition of knowledge, abilities, skills, and meanings should be organized primarily in the form of activities.

And Bernard Shaw argued: “The only path leading to knowledge is activity.”

What does it mean to work with knowledge? In general terms, this means applying it, looking for conditions and limits of applicability, transforming, expanding and supplementing, finding new connections and relationships, considering it in different models and contexts...

FEEDBACK PRINCIPLE

Regularly monitor the learning process using a developed system of feedback techniques.

The more developed the system is - technical, economic, social or pedagogical, the more feedback mechanisms there are in it. During the lesson, the teacher monitors the mood of the students, their level of interest, level of understanding...

IDEAL PRINCIPLE (high efficiency)

Make maximum use of the opportunities, knowledge, and interests of students themselves in order to increase productivity and reduce costs in the educational process.

The greater the activity and self-organization of students, the higher the ideality of the teaching or control action. If we competently coordinate the content and forms of education with the interests of schoolchildren, then they themselves will strive to find out: what’s next? Let's match the pace, rhythm and complexity of learning with the students' capabilities and then they will feel their success and THEMSELVES will want to reinforce it.

Using Internet Content in a Presentation

If earlier we had no doubts about the reliability of information (textbooks have been approved and approved), today there is a lot of information noise both on the Internet, in the media, and even in books. The use of Internet content must be thoughtful and appropriate. Moreover, the Internet can be used as a kind of pedagogical environment for developing such important student skills as: analysis, structuring, annotation, searching.

1. There is a lot of different information on the Internet, sometimes contradictory, on the same topic. Compare (about the marshal): http://marshalgukov. *****, http://militera. *****/memo/russian/katukova_es/17.html, http://www. /books/slova-back/30.htm. This variability can be criticized, discussed, or can be used as an alternative information environment for developing the ability to see the possibility of choice and make this choice. For example, to prepare a problem lesson “Heroes: people or idols?” Preparing such a lesson may include the following steps: the teacher provides a list of resources recommended for study or asks the children to independently search for Internet resources on the topic. Found and viewed sites should be annotated by students. Then - a brief discussion of the materials found and a lesson-discussion about the heroes. For such a lesson, a teacher’s presentation containing meaningful quotes, portraits (large, high-quality, perhaps several for comparison), etc. will be effective.

2. The use of Internet resources that are clear and understandable to children expresses respect for the child’s personality, sincere interest in his inner world, and trust. For example, foreign language classes in elementary school may be accompanied by a presentation prepared by the teacher in accordance with the program, but using materials from the Smeshariki website http://***** (with reference to the source). Or a physics teacher begins the topic “Resonance” with a question: why can an electric guitar, unlike an acoustic one, have any body shape, even a very bizarre one? And he confirmed his question by showing several pictures with guitars of popular rock musicians http://www. *****/eguitars/zombie. html.

3. Imaginative thinking. Using Internet resources when consolidating material in the “Analogies” presentation. Example. Literature. Image of Pechorin. Assignment for students: prepare no more than 3 presentation slides, selecting your literary (historical) heroes for a certain time and justifying your position. In this case, the teacher demonstrates his version of completing such a task as an example, quickly selecting material on the Internet.

1. It is necessary to indicate the sources of citation of both texts and illustrations. Internet resources are the most poorly protected materials from the point of view of arbitrary and selective copying: it is quite easy to select a fragment of text or illustration, copy and paste this fragment into any other electronic document. However, it should be remembered that information culture requires the design of sources when quoting, and issues of copyright and property rights require written permission from the copyright holder to independently post information on public resources, even if this posting is for non-commercial purposes. Features of the 4th part of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the issue of copyright, which entered into force on January 1, 2008 http://www. ukon. su/laws/kodeks/7679.html. Comments on the Law http://*****/ru/news/civil_code/2007/3/14/kommentarii_.

Most often, presentations are used in business to present new projects, products, services, etc. However, presentations today are a traditional presentation of new information also in the scientific community, in public administration, and in the educational sphere.

Every day, in different parts of the world, thousands of presentations are presented to the public, although only a small part of them cope with their tasks. Most presentations are a bunch of boring facts and pictures. Well-known expert in the field of creating presentations, Nancy Duarte, also speaks about this:

“Presentations are the currency of business life because they are the most effective tool for influencing an audience. However, many presentations are boring. Most of them are abysmal communication failures and the rest are simply uninteresting….

Many corporations train their employees to make meaningless phrases, put them on slides, and speak like robots. It has become a cultural norm for presenters to hide behind slides—you might think this is a sign of successful communication...”

Like any other form of communication, a presentation requires painstaking work on it. This work also begins with a study of the object of presentation and the audience for which the information is being prepared. Next, in accordance with the type of presentation, its verbal and visual texts are developed.

Presentation Types

Presentations can be divided into two groups:

– those that will be presented to the audience,

– those that are transmitted or sent to the audience for independent review.

In the first case, there will be few words in the presentation shown on the screen, because The main information will be announced by the speaker. The second type of presentation requires presenting as much data and detail as possible so that everything is clear to the audience member without further questions.

Regarding the second type of presentation, it is worth quoting the words of the same Nancy Duarte:

“Today, more than ever before in history, outstanding presentations have the opportunity to transcend the boundaries of the moment in which they took place. Today, presentations can be seen by millions of people who were not there in person. Your presentation will be watched again and again for a long time after you have delivered it. Randy Pausch's latest lecture has been viewed 12 million times on YouTube. The TED.com website hosts 11-minute presentations and has over 100 million visitors."

Duration of an effective presentation

As mentioned above, a standard presentation lasts 15-20 minutes, but it can be longer. One way or another, it should be concise and succinct. As Nancy Duarte notes, “Presentations fail because there is too much information, not because there is not enough information. When standing in front of an audience, there is no need to boast of knowledge and spew out all the important and unimportant information on a specific topic. Share only what is needed at the moment and suits the audience.

Abraham Lincoln composed the Gettysburg Address in just 278 words and delivered it in just over two minutes. And although this is one of the shortest speeches in history, it is also considered one of the greatest...”

In order to meet the allotted time, you can use the method of self-restraint. So, if the organizers provide 15-20 minutes, prepare a presentation for 15 minutes. If 40 – 60 minutes, then only for 40 or even 35. This approach mobilizes personal creativity, forces you to select only the most succinct and concise ideas, thoughts and words.

More detailed information on this topic can be found in the books of A. Nazaikin

“Once you take the first step, your effectiveness begins to depend on your ability to influence others through the spoken and written word!” (Peter Drucker)

Presentation- this is the most effective way to attract the attention of the target audience, partners, colleagues, and suppliers - to a brand, trademark or company!

With the help of a presentation, you can clearly and comprehensively present all the information about the product, new products and successes of the company, as well as the prospects for its development, including the opportunity to familiarize partners and investors with the company’s business plan.

Visualized information is easier to perceive and remember well!

In order to create an informative and interesting electronic presentation, you need not only special knowledge of the software products in which the presentation is created, but also basic knowledge of the rules creating effective presentations. And also excellent oratory skills!

Everybody knows Steve Jobs- founder of the company Apple, entrepreneur, inventor, designer and, among other things, a great speaker! Steve Jobs is a preeminent communicator on the global stage of innovation marketing. Jobs' presentations and speeches delighted, and, thanks to surviving video recordings, delighted millions of people thanks to the excellent presentation of the material - simple, accessible, informatively rich and well structured - for ease of comprehension! People traveled thousands of kilometers for such presentations.

He knew how not only to capture the attention of the audience, but also to hold it throughout the entire speech, he knew how to create passion around the product being presented, to amuse the listener, to force him to participate in the process, and much more. At the same time, Jobs was self-taught, and he himself developed certain rules for creating a presentation, which are extremely worth listening to in order to make your presentation successful and effective!

So, the rules for creating a presentation from Steve Jobs!

Act One - Create a Story (Tools to Capture Your Audience)

In order to sell your idea effectively and with positive energy, it is necessary to come up with its story before creating the presentation: main ideas, decor - text, headers, illustrations, scenario and other components.

1.Scenario. Your presentation and subsequent performance should have its own script, like a kind of “theatrical action” containing a plot, climax, conflict, denouement, villains and heroes, and demonstrations.

Be sure to include it in your presentation demonstration your product! And, if possible, its properties and functions. People always want to see what you are telling them and know what idea you are presenting to them.

Antagonists and heroes. Any listener asks questions: “ Why do I need it? Why do I need this presentation, what is the benefit of it?" To answer this question you must present the listener with an existing problem, For example, " Polluted drinking water undermines our health!». Problem- this is the antagonist - the enemy with whom you need to fight. Hero it's yours product, for example, unique filters for water purification, which solves the problem contaminated water and eliminates the risk of harm to your health, i.e. defeat the antagonist. By introducing the antagonist and the hero, you give the listener a clear understanding of why they need it!

2.Text, bullets, headings, props, etc.Texts and bullets (lists) These are the most ineffective ways of presenting information. That's why The text of the presentation should be as short as possible and highlight only really important text information. For some reason, bullets or lists are considered an easy-to-read form of text presentation and are offered as a basis in all presentation templates. But no, shootouts are effective only in cases where their number is small - 3-4 pieces. on the list. Otherwise, no one will remember anything that is on the list. Try to stop at the number 3, the human brain is designed in such a way that it focuses attention and easily remembers precisely three positions, no matter what. Magic number 3 should flow through your presentation. When you write a presentation script, highlight three ideas that you want your audience to take away from the speech - easily remembered and reproduced without written cheat sheets. Use the so-called " rule of three" as often as possible!

It is very important to “decorate” your text rhetorical devices - metaphors And analogies. They are the ones who will make your text attractive; besides, examples and comparisons allow you to remember even complex information! A striking example of this is the metaphor of Steve Jobs: “ For me, a computer is the equivalent of a bicycle for the brain. ! " Use “living” epithets in your text - incredible, amazing, luxurious, nimble, etc. Words that catch and create a positive effect from your speech. Avoid jargon! Use it as rarely as possible, only when necessary and with an obligatory explanation of the meaning.

Heading should be short, 140 characters or less, no matter how strong the idea is! The most memorable is the following sequence of words in the title: “subject, predicate, object.” For example, when Jobs presented iPhone, he exclaimed: “ Today Apple invented the telephone!", or iPod presentation: " iPod. A thousand songs in your pocket».

Props. The entire audience of listeners can be divided into three types of people: visuals, auditory learners And kinesthetics. It is necessary to capture the attention of all three types, so the presentation should not consist only of slides and speech text; it is necessary to prepare props - product samples that can be demonstrated to the audience or transferred to the hall.

Act Two - Create Experiences (Secrets of an Engaging Presentation)

1.Image excellence. As already noted, the text of an electronic presentation should be as brief as possible, in contrast to the need for images to be present in the presentation. Photographs, illustrations and diagrams present any information much brighter, more accessible and more clearly, evoking understanding and the necessary emotions in the audience.

2. Numbers. If you cannot avoid presenting digital information in a presentation, then make numbers an advantage and use them to create the desired effect. To do this, you need to give your numbers an attractive appearance, i.e. give them some interest or significance to the audience. For example: “30 GB of iPod memory is enough to store 7,500 songs, 25,000 photos, or 75 hours of video.”

3.Entertainment. Don’t forget that you need to entertain the audience and distract their attention for a while, for example, play a game with the audience, show a skit or invite a guest.

4. “Wow!” moment. It is imperative to prepare a moment that will excite your audience. Point concerning one things or one topic! The kind of moment that a listener would remember first if someone asked him: “ what was at the presentation?" For example: at the presentation of the MacBook Air - the thinnest laptop in the world, Jobs showed the truly unique thinness of the laptop by sealing it in an envelope!

Act Three - Improve and rehearse (charisma, speech control, naturalness, body language)

• Never read from paper, otherwise the audience won't listen to you. You should speak casually to create the impression that you are speaking to each listener individually.
• Create eye contact with the audience- your eyes should be constantly focused on the audience, and not on the presentation slides.
• Open poses- do not cross your arms or legs, do not stand behind the podium, do not turn your back to the audience!
• Gesticulation- use techniques and gestures to create the desired effect of your speech and emphasize the most important points.
• Adjust speech volume, emphasize important points with loud exclamations and make pauses between individual semantic parts of speech.
• Enjoy from your performance, show your audience your passion for an idea or product that you demonstrate!
• Change the way you present information every 10 minutes- pictures, videos, speech, guest performance, etc., all this should constantly involve the listener in the presentation and, at the same time, give a “break” to his perception!

Now you know how to make a live presentation! Apply these rules and create new successful presentations. And, who knows, perhaps the great communicator - Steve Jobs - will remain far behind you in matters of success and attractiveness of brands!