Norms for earthworks. Earthworks in construction

During any construction, this type of work is performed as excavation. Earthworks is a mandatory stage of construction due to the fact that the soil on which the building will stand must withstand the weight of this object for a long time, and as you know, the weight of the object will be quite large. For this, during excavation, that part of the soil that is not able to withstand significant loads is removed. Since excavation is the first construction stage, how well these works will be carried out will depend on how successful the construction will be and how high-quality the constructed object will be. Therefore, we will consider how earthwork is carried out.

The first thing that is done during the excavation is preparing a plot of land on which these works will be carried out. Site preparation includes cleaning the territory and its subsequent marking according to the existing project of the object. That is, if foreign objects, trees, and the like are present on the territory, then these objects are liquidated. After that, the construction area is located according to the project.

At the end of the preparatory phase, it will be possible to see the first contours of the future home or any other object, respectively, you can begin carrying out earthwork. If work is underway on the construction of a large facility, then such construction definitely involves special equipment for earthwork. But, if a small, private house is being built, then they completely forget about special equipment, but this should not be done. The thing is that excavation should be carried out in the most favorable weather. Imagine what quality foundation you will succeed if you carry out work in heavy rain. Such a situation may well arise if you do not use special equipment, which in a short period of time removes excess soil and removes this soil from the construction site.

When using the equipment, or if you dig a construction pit manually, you must remember that the tilled soil and the edges of the pit can crumble. Therefore, if you dig a pit, or for example, a cellar pit, you must take care of your safety. To do this, the walls of the pit are strengthened and the deeper the pit, the more powerful the fortifications should be. In some cases, the walls of the pit are concreted simultaneously with a depression in the ground.

Before starting excavation, you need to remember that:

The size and depth of the trench under the foundation depends on the properties of the soil;
Groundwater standing level;
Depth of freezing soil.

How do soil properties affect earthworks

Freezing of the soil and subsequent spring buckling are of great danger. The fact is that in winter the water in pores and voids freezes and creates excessive pressure on the surrounding rock. In spring, the upper layers thaw, and the lower layers push the foundation under pressure. Such cases are observed in clay and peat soils.

Therefore, in such soils will have to dig a trench to the entire depth of freezing of the soil. To save money, 1/3 can be poured into the bottom of the trench with sand or excavated soil mixed with crushed stone in the same proportion.

Soil such as loam, sandy loam, fine sand is less prone to buckling. Provided that the soil is dry, i.e. water, located at a depth of more than 2 meters, the trench can be made with a depth of 0.6-, 8 m. The bottom of the trench must be rammed. The tamper weight is at least 50 kg.

After this, the soil becomes very dense, has fewer pores and moisture. If groundwater is close to the surface (about 0.5 m), the depth of the trench should again be at the depth of freezing of the soil.

The best soil is gravel and clean sand. They do not hesitate and the depth of the trench, even under a two-story house, can be made no more than 0.6 m.

If the soil is dry and with large pores, with high humidity there is a risk of large precipitation, which will bring significant damage to the built house. How to determine that the soil is porous? To do this, moisten the excavated soil and throw it back into the trench. Sagging soil is not enough to completely fill the trench.

With this soil, a trench is made with a depth of 0.8-1.0 m and, after watering, the bottom is rammed. After the basement is installed, it is necessary to fill the blind area with a width of 0.8 m, making a bias outward from the wall of the house. As a result, the upper waters will not be able to wet the foundation foundation.

The nature of the soil and the level of standing groundwater should be determined in the summer. In spring, the water level can be high, in winter due to freezing low.

Digging trenches

The type and structure of the structure determines the depth and size of the trench. If the walls are made of light material - you need to make a pillar narrow foundation for the entire depth of freezing of the soil or, on the contrary, deep and solid, not amenable to buckling pressure. If the walls are made of heavy material, which with its weight will not allow the foundation to bulge out, a less powerful foundation can be made.

Before digging a pit for a trench, it is necessary to remove the entire turf on the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe house along with the blind areas. If you leave the plants inside the foundation, i.e. under the floor of the future home, rotting plants can have a harmful effect on the wooden floor of the house. The upper fertile layer can be transferred to the site. The rest of the soil is backfilled.

In this soil there are no plant residues, and it does not pose a danger to the wooden elements of the floor of the house. With this organization of land work, the soil is fully used, and there is no need to export it. The same soil is used for warming the basement and the embankment underground. An embankment is made so that water from the street does not flow under the house.

In stable non-shedding soil, the trench is made not wider than 0.6 m (thick wall with a solid foundation) and 0.5 m (thin wall). Too wide a trench will lead to cost overruns and unnecessary labor. The area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation support with a width of 0.6 m can withstand a load 3 times greater than the calculated one, this width is needed only for the convenience of work.

When digging, trenches make the so-called backwater “by disputes”. If the foundation is made into a wide trench by the wall, then in the remaining part the soil that has been covered in soil will sag in the spring, which will lead to the destruction of the blind areas and water will penetrate under the foundation foundation.

If you want to make a trench already and save material for the foundation, you need to ram the bottom with a heavy tamper. In this way, material consumption can be halved.

Foundation

If the house is one or two-story with thick walls, you can make it not solid under it strip foundation and pole with jumpers between posts.

If you still decide to make a strip foundation, you can reduce the consumption of material by making the bottom of the trench sawtooth.

With dry or sandy soil, the trench can be made convergent to the bottom. The width of the trench in the upper part will be 0.6 m, and at the bottom 0.35 m.

When pouring a pillar foundation "by surprise" it is more rational to dig round pits. Having the same bottom area, they are smaller than the volume of rectangular trenches.

To speed up the work, it is recommended to use the technique if possible. For example, the upper soil is best removed with a bulldozer. If there is turf on the surface, it is advisable to remove it manually by cutting into tiles. With their help, you can strengthen the blind areas and cover them with open areas of soil that may be subject to erosion.

Foundation trench

You can dig a trench under the foundation with an excavator based on the Belarus tractor. Caterpillar tractors are not recommended - too wide trenches are obtained.

To dig up pillar foundations, you can use a special drill machine. With the help of such a machine, you quickly dig holes to a depth of 1 meter and a diameter of 0.4 m.

Such equipment is available in construction and installation firms. They can be rented at a very reasonable price.

Before starting excavation work, the site is carefully prepared. All corners of the house should be noted with stakes. The edge of the trench is marked by a groove laid along the line of the cord. The depth of the trench is measured by a rail from the surface of the earth. The corners of the trench must be removed with a shovel - the excavator destroys them.

All soil must necessarily be thrown into the contour of the house.

Earthworks prices in 2016
Type of work	Unit.	Price (per unit, excluding the cost of materials (rubles)
Excavation, digging pits
Manual excavation without soil removal
Development of soil manually with loading and removal of soil
Soil mining in a mechanized way (excavator, etc.)
Soil mining in a mechanized way (excavator, etc.) with loading in dump trucks and transportation
Backfill pit
Mechanized layout
The device of the basis 150 mm thick from crushed stone
The device of the basis 150 mm thick from ASG
Arrangement of a lawn (the price includes the upper fertile layer of the earth 100mm, planning the place of the future lawn, sowing grass mixtures)
Karchevka, removal of stumps
Soil preparation (digging, cultivation, removal of roots and rhizomes of weeds)
Felling trees with a root (with a cut into a log of 300 mm)
Departure of a specialist at the facility to assess the scope and cost of work		IS FREE
Sand base device with 100mm thick seal
Sand base device with 200mm thick seal
Sand base device with 300mm thick seal
Loading and removal of construction waste
Device asphalt concrete pavement 50mm thick
100mm thick asphalt pavement device

Earthworks made by Schmitstroy

The Schmitstroy company provides a full range of construction services in Moscow and the Moscow Region, starting from the preparatory work, the repair of the facility and ending with the completion of the turnkey finish excavation. The company uses a wide range of specialized equipment, which allows you to carry out any type of earthwork in hard-to-reach places, including exclusive types of work. The company employs experienced craftsmen, skilled workers, and a designer. The company guarantees the quality of work to high standards, in full accordance with the established contract.

Digging pits. Foundation pit preparation for the foundation in 2016

Preparation of the pit for the foundation is divided into three stages.

The first is digging a pit and soil removal. Before digging, geological surveys of soils are carried out. After that, the main stage is carried out - digging a pit. The choice of soil when digging a pit is a job that requires highly skilled workers and high reliability of equipment. At digging a pit with an excavator The company has at its disposal reliable excavators such as Volvo, Komatsu, Hyundai, Yanmar. The removal of soil when digging a pit under the foundation is carried out by dump trucks. A good repair base and reliable equipment ensure quality work on time.
The second stage is carried out digging trenches for laying communication. Digging trenches has its own characteristics and requirements for technology, which has various replaceable equipment and working nozzles: a hydraulic hammer, a set of buckets of different widths and dumps.
At the third stage, excavation works are inaccessible to equipment - the final layout of the pit with manual excavation.

Manual excavation is carried out using stationary equipment — this is hydro- and pneumatic tools. Work with such a tool requires highly qualified personnel. Therefore, the company Schmidstroy organized training of workers for all specialties. If you want a dug pit under the basement to fulfill all its intended functions, then, of course, contact us for these services!

Rooting stumps and trees

In some cases, when redeveloping a site, it is necessary to uprooting stumps and trees. Depending on the depth of the roots, Schmidstroy makes up of stumps and trees manually with a specialized team or uses tractors with special attachments. Small bushes, most often, uproot manually with winches. The landlord is simply recommended to make sure that the bush has enough space for trapping with a rope. For deeper roots, the method of cutting or crushing is used. For cutting, nozzles for the tractor are used, as with chain saws. For crushing - hydraulic hammer "chisel". Perhaps their combined use. Crushing or cutting has an advantage over traditional uprooting, as the landscape is better preserved and the roots of neighboring trees are less damaged. When applying these methods of rooting out stumps and trees, much less time and effort is required, and in cases where adjacent buildings or trees interfere, make this method indispensable.

The use of low prices and a flexible tariff for the payment of services for construction, finishing, digging a pit with an excavator and other earthworks in Moscow and the Moscow Region attract a large number of customers to Schmidstroy.

A fleet of modern special equipment helps to maintain high-level work. The Schmidstroy campaign offers services for the rental of motor vehicles, prices and prices for the rental of special equipment will pleasantly surprise you. All equipment is trained and is reliable. Fully adapted to work in Russian conditions.

One of the most important types of work that are carried out during the construction of any level of complexity are excavation. Their range is extremely wide. It includes development and digging pitslaying and digging trenches, development and soil removal and etc.

On how quickly excavation work will be completed, the construction of the facility in a predetermined time frame depends. And on how competently and accurately they will be executed, the result of the entire construction campaign.

It is imperative that you maximize your responsiveness to deadlines and accuracy. earthworks . After all, it is important that the results of the construction meet not only your expectations, but also the money spent.

Types of earthworks

Specialists of StroySnab LLC carry out the following types of earthwork:

Arrangement of soil as well as sand and gravel pillows
Deepening and digging of reservoirs, fire and decorative ponds
Land clearing, construction waste removal
Excavation, embankment design, vertical layout
Removing the plant layer 10-20 cm
Excavation pit development in a short time, digging pits
Digging trenches of any width and length, including manually in hard-to-reach spots
Laying, soil compaction on the site.

We believe that there are two levels earthworkswhich should be the focus of attention if you want to get a high quality result.

First, development or digging a foundation pit as well as soil removal.

These are the necessary stages of the construction of any object: baths, houses, cottages, garages, ponds, etc. Not only the consumption of construction and material and resources that will be required to fill the foundation, but also its reliability and strength depends on how well these types of work will be performed.

Foundation pit development

Usually excavation includes geodetic works, analysis of the state and specificity of soils. At this first stage, special attention should be paid to the study of the presence or absence of groundwater. Their timely identification will help to take measures to isolate the foundations and walls from moisture, which means to prevent their possible destruction.

When the analysis of the soil is completed, they usually mark the pit, calculating its size and depth. After that, the immediate digging a pit, the most important stage of construction work.

The reliability of the foundation and all the structures of the future facility directly depend on the quality of the pit. It is imperative that digging pits conducted by highly qualified specialists with significant experience in performing such earthworks. Foundation development requires removal of soil from the site. All work on the development of pits and removal is carried out using special equipment.

The second significant level of excavation is considered digging, trenching. At this stage, the adjustment of communications, water supply systems, gas pipelines is carried out, the power network is conducted.

Run digging trenches not so simple, the process has its difficulties. For example, in some situations, this type of work has to be performed manually due to the impossibility of approaching construction equipment or other reasons.

Manual excavation it is necessary when digging pits near engineering networks, such as electric, telephone cables, water pipes, gas pipelines, etc. And also when searching for these networks on the ground.

Digging a pit - a key stage of any construction. The reliability of the entire building depends on how well this work is done. To apply for excavation services in our company means saving time, money and getting a quality service.

We offer our customers a flexible system of discounts on services for the construction of a foundation pit (including under the foundation).

We guarantee individual approach to each customer.

In the Moscow region: the cost of 1 m 3 of excavated and exported soil will be from 280 rubles.
The cost of 1 m 3 of soil in the dump from 70 rubles / m 3
In Moscow: the cost of 1 m 3 of excavated and exported soil will be from 350 rubles.
The cost of 1 m 3 of soil in the dump from 100 rubles / m 3
For volumes of 5000 m 3 discounts are provided.

* The cost of work is approximate and depends on many factors.