Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov. Mikhail Lermontov Message about the world

On the night from the second to the third of October 1814, in Moscow, in the family of army captain Yuri Petrovich Lermontov and nineteen-year-old Maria Mikhailovna (nee Arsenyeva), a boy was born, named Mikhail, for whom fate had prepared a great but dramatic future.

Mikhail Yuryevich is Scottish on his father’s side, and Russian on his mother’s side.

In Scotland, where the Tweed merges with the Leader, the ruins of Ersildawn Castle are still intact, which are still called Lermont Tower. The most distant ancestor of the Lermontovs in 1061 was the leader of King Malcolm and participated in the fight against Macbeth, who inspired the great Shakespeare, whose drama is now admired and amazed by audiences in all culturally developed countries.

The marriage of the parents of the future poet, concluded against the will of the bride’s mother, Penza landowner Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva, could hardly be called happy.

In 1817, Mikhail's mother died. The father was not allowed to see the boy and Misha spent his entire childhood under the tutelage of his grandmother, who loved him madly and spared no expense for his upbringing. Misha loved his grandmother, but she never became a soul mate for her grandson.

What it’s like to live without parents is not worth talking about in detail. This fact, and the mutual enmity between the grandmother and father of the future poet, caused the child considerable suffering, and ultimately all this affected his character and state of mind. Misha was sick a lot and experienced a lot of physical pain.

He often plunged into the unreal world of dreams and daydreams, worries and sadness.

In order to improve his health, in 1825, the grandmother took her grandson to the North Caucasus for treatment with mineral waters. Wonderful pictures were revealed to Lermontov in the Caucasus. He loved this wonderful land with all his soul.

In 1827, Mikhail Lermontov and his grandmother, Elizaveta Alekseevna, went to Moscow to study. In 1828, Mikhail entered the Noble University boarding school. The teachers (mostly professors from Moscow University) were beyond praise.

In 1829, M.Yu. Lermontov brilliantly completed his course at the Noble boarding school.

Grandmother took Mikhail from his father before he was sixteen years old. My father patiently endured this period. Previously, he rarely saw his son. But in Moscow, while the boy was studying at a boarding school, Yuri Petrovich often met him and often even took part in his classes, became very close to him and decided not to give up his son to his grandmother.

The fight began. The grandmother did not want to part with her pet, she reminded him of loneliness, that she would not survive the separation, that her life would be pointless if he left her and went to his father. Misha felt sorry for both his grandmother and father; he was terribly worried and extremely irritable; but a feeling of compassion for the old woman prevailed, and he stayed with his grandmother. The father, excited and shocked by this, left Moscow for his village and soon died there.

Then a bitter epitaph poured out from the pen of Mikhail Yuryevich. A sixteen-year-old boy became disillusioned with people and began to write a series of gloomy poems. He becomes convinced that the world around him does not correspond to his cherished thoughts, and, looking back at his short past and seeing the present clearly, he says: “I feel lonely among people; in my mind I created another world and other images of existence.”

At this time, looking more closely into himself, he finds that he is marked by fate, that the earthly world is small for him, and begins to live exclusively by his inner world, his inspiration and love of nature, which is what he lives for for a short time. Even then it seemed to the young man that everything was changing him, only the sounds of the lyre could not be changed... inspiration saves him from petty worries. He believes in the depths of his soul that his “mind is not striving for something secret out of trifles.”

In the spring of 1830, M.Yu. Lermontov entered Moscow University, but he did not stay there for long. In 1832, the future poet, against his wishes, was drawn into a story with one of the professors, and therefore left the university and Moscow and moved with his grandmother to St. Petersburg.

At St. Petersburg University he was offered to start classes again from the first year. This seemed tiresome and boring to the young man, and he entered the school of guard cadets.

Strict discipline and a certain emptiness of life worried him. Military daring did not captivate Mikhail - in his soul he was completely different. The young man had many enemies, as his caustic ridicule and razor-sharp witticisms often irritated him. Inspiration and poetic dreams saved him here too. He went into his creativity, only then was he himself. Life dragged on monotonously, but time flew quickly.

In November 1834, Lermontov graduated from the cadet school and was promoted to cornet in the Life Guards Hussar Regiment stationed in Tsarskoye Selo. At this time, without his will, his poem “Hadji Abrek” appeared on the pages of the magazine “Library for Reading”.

In military circles, Mikhail Yuryevich was already known as a poet, but general fame came to him in January 1837.

It was a difficult time - Lermontov was extremely restless when the sad news (the poet Pushkin, wounded in a duel by Dantes, died) reached him. The incident shocked him deeply. The aspiring poet passionately loved Pushkin since childhood, and the bitter news stirred his soul, and he threw his iron verse, doused with bile, to secular society, which later became known to everyone: “The poet died...”.

The poem also reached Emperor Nicholas I. Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich also read it. He said, smiling: “Oh, how he (Lermontov) was at odds.”

Glory came, but the poet was transferred from the cornets of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment as an ensign to the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, stationed in the Caucasus, where he was supposed to retire.

Again the Caucasus, dear to his soul, rises before Lermontov, again Elbrus - Shat-Mountain, receding into the clouds, shines before his eyes with eternal snow. Wonderful images, wonderful poetic dreams capture his soul, and he writes a lot, quickly, with inspiration. His wonderful epic “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” was also written there.

The poet's fame is growing; but he feels his loneliness more and more and moves further away from people. The grandmother petitions for her favorite, he is returned again to St. Petersburg, assigned to the Grodno Hussar Regiment, then transferred to the same one in which he served before exile. The year is 1839 and the beginning of 1840. Many of his major works in poetry and prose are published and received with enthusiasm.

And suddenly, at the beginning of 1840, a new unpleasant story for M.Yu. Lermontov: an insignificant conversation that took place at the ball of Countess Laval with Barant, the son of the French envoy to the Russian court, led to Barant challenging Lermontov to a duel. This duel ended in nothing - Lermontov fired into the air, and the opponents remained safe and sound.

But the poet was again sent to the Caucasus, where he was transferred to the Tengin infantry regiment. In April, he left the capital and went to his beloved mountains, this time sadly parting with St. Petersburg. Melancholy and heavy forebodings weighed on his heart.

In this year, 1840, Lermontov took part in a military expedition against the highlanders, where he distinguished himself with courage at the Valerik River and wrote a poem under this title there. That year, several poems and two new stories appeared from his pen: “Maxim Maksimovich” and “Princess Mary”.

At the end of 1840, at the request of his grandmother, Mikhail Yuryevich was allowed leave to St. Petersburg, where he spent some time, and then again went to his regiment, to the Caucasus, passing through Moscow for several weeks. This was his last trip to the mountains, where a few months later, at the foot of a shaggy Mashuk, like a Persian cap, near Pyatigorsk, on the evening of July 15, 1841, in a terrible thunderstorm, he was killed in a duel by Captain Martynov.

Thus, another “sun of Russian poetry” set - just as the genius Pushkin was killed, the same fate befell Mikhail Lermontov.

The great Russian poet Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was born in Moscow on October 3 (15), 1814.On October 11 (23) he was baptized. His grandmother, Elizaveta Alekseevna, was his godmother.At the insistence of Elizaveta Alekseevna, grandmother, the boy was named Mikhail, in honor of his grandfather, Mikhail Arsenyev.Mikhail Yuryevich’s grandmother, according to legend, founded a village in honor of her grandson - Mikhailovskoye.

Childhood and family of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov

Mikhail Yuryevich's parents died when he was very young. His family included his maternal grandmother, who raised him. She tried to give her grandson everything that the successor of the Lermontov family could claim.Mikhail Yuryevich spent his childhood on his grandmother’s estate. He grew up in love and care. Little Lermontov was often sick. Most of all Scrofula.Due to his illnesses, Lermontov was deprived of many children's amusements. He looked for these fun in himself. He dreamed.Lermontov fell in love when he was 10 years old.

Lermontov's upbringing and education

In 1825, Lermontov began to study. The choice of teachers was unfortunate. Therefore, having a passion for reading, Lermontov began self-education. Studied several languages.At the age of 15, he regretted that he had not heard Russian folk tales as a child. He liked characters and heroes.He owes his upbringing and education to his grandmother, Elizaveta Alekseevna. In Moscow, she prepared him for the University Noble Boarding School. Moreover, straight into the fourth grade!There, the future poet learned mathematics and literacy. As a result, I learned four languages ​​and played four musical instruments. He knew how to do needlework and was fond of painting.Mikhail Lermontov was in this boarding house for almost two years. Merzlyakov and Zinoviev were involved in his education. There his interest in literature developed.He loved to read. But he was so lonely that he “withdrew from the outside world” and created his own world in his mind.

Elizaveta Alekseevna - grandmother of M. Yu. Lermontov

The first youthful hobbies of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov

Sixteen-year-old Lermontov was not particularly interesting to young ladies, and he did not receive the same in return for his feelings.He had deep feelings for his neighbor, Varenka Lopukhina, until the end of his life.The first youthful hobbies of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov began in the summer of 1830, when he focused on the personality of Byron. He liked his poetry. He found himself similar to him.A little later, the poet meets Natalya Fedorovna Ivanova. He dedicated poems to her. For the first time, Lermontov felt reciprocal feelings from her. But, after a little time, Ivanova chose a wealthy opponent.Mikhail Lermontov was tormented by negative feelings from betrayal and infidelity. He wrote poetry about how painful these experiences were for him.
Lermontov had many contradictions. He could not decide between love and poetry. One created obstacles for the other.

Lermontov's studies at Moscow University

In 1830, Mikhail Yuryevich became a student at Moscow University.
Mental life developed behind its walls. Mikhail Lermontov showed more interest in secular society than in the conversations of his comrades. He observes life as it really is.The poet's feelings of trust, friendship and sympathy disappeared.
Lermontov respected the university more than his comrades. He studied among enthusiastic youth. But his mentality was different. His time at the university gave Lermontov a great impetus for his poetry. He became more talented.Mikhail liked to attend balls and masquerades. There he could rejoice.Lermontov's poetry reflected the accuracy of his moods. It’s as if he “puts on a mask” of indifference and contempt as self-defense from mental trauma.

Lermontov's studies at Moscow University lasted just over a year. He was forced to leave because of a bad story with one of the professors.At the university, Lermontov had some disagreements: in some places he was extremely well-read, and in others he did not know the lexical material.And after arguing with the examiners, he was given a note: “Advised to leave.”

Guards time

After school, Lermontov, as before, lived by his hobbies, but with reproaches from his conscience. He wrote about this to his girlfriend and tried not to let anyone know.People who knew Lermontov always considered him kind and loving. But for himself it seemed humiliating. He tried to look like a merciless tyrant, like women’s hearts.Lermontov took revenge. He remembered old grievances. After a while, he took revenge on Ekaterina Sushkova. So much so that she even upset her marriage with Lopukhin.He later showed surprise at what happened. And then he explained that he didn’t love her.Mikhail Lermontov was indifferent to the service.
He was ill when he learned of Pushkin's death. Everyone told him their version of what happened.

But only Lermontov’s doctor truthfully told him about the duel and death of the poet Alexander Pushkin.Lermontov was very upset by this event. He wrote the work "The Death of a Poet". This poem drew praise from Dantes. One of Lermontov's relatives began to reproach him for this. Then the poet became angry and kicked out the guest. He wrote the last 16 lines...The result was a trial and arrest.Pushkin’s friends and grandmother, who had connections, stood up for Lermontov.After a while, Lermontov was transferred to the rank of ensign, as before, in the Caucasus. The poet was in exile. He received a lot of attention, as well as sympathy and hostility.

Lermontov. Link to the Caucasus

The first time Mikhail Yuryevich was in exile in the Caucasus was only a few months, thanks to his grandmother. Despite the fact that Lermontov served only briefly in the Caucasus, he changed morally. The main theme of his works was Caucasian folklore. And he really liked the Caucasian area. But here he was hardly appreciated and little understood. There was anger and bitterness in him.

Returning to St. Petersburg society, celebrity lovers begin to court Mikhail Lermontov. The poet emphasizes the image that he liked in his youth.
In the North Caucasus, Lermontov wrote about what was inherent to him. What he experienced and felt. This was all reflected in his works.

Lermontov's first and last duel

After his first exile, Lermontov accumulated enough works.
He became a popular writer in Russia and began to communicate with Pushkin's friends.
In 1840, Mikhail Lermontov was invited to a ball with a countess. There he got into an argument with the son of the French ambassador, where he challenged Lermontov to a duel. On February 18 (March 1), the two of them fought with swords, but Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov’s blade broke. I had to switch to pistols. Barant shot first and missed. And Lermontov unloaded the pistol and fired from the side.The participants left.Because the duel was not reported, Lermontov was arrested. The opponent was not brought to trial.
According to many investigations, Lermontov was transferred back to the Caucasus.
The second exile was significantly different from the first, where he could live in peace. Now he was supposed to participate in hostilities.

Arriving in Pyatigorsk, Lermontov quarreled with a retired major, Nikolai Martynov.
One of the reasons for Lermontov's duel was inappropriate and offensive jokes in his direction.
In “Notes of a Decembrist,” N. I. Lorer wrote that Lermontov joked inappropriately and offensively in the presence of ladies and mocked Martynov.And then, out of patience, Martynov said that he knew how to silence Lermontov. Lermontov declared that he was not afraid of anyone’s threats.Martynov forgave the poet a lot of offensive jokes and talked to him about it, but Lermontov still joked.By his behavior and his words, he provoked a duel with him.

A second present at the duel said that for his friends and relatives, Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was simple and good-natured. But for others, he’s a bully.
Despite the efforts of his friends, after his death, Lermontov was not buried according to church rites. Many from high society said that this was where he belonged.
Nicholas I said: “A dog’s death is a dog’s death.” Just as Lermontov’s grandmother once said about her husband.Later, Nicholas I reported that the one who could replace Pushkin had been killed.Many came to see the poet off on his last journey. After his death in a duel, his coffin was carried by those with whom he served.

Mikhail Lermontov is one of the most famous Russian poets, and recognition came to him during his lifetime. His work, which combined sensitive social themes with philosophical motives and personal experiences, had a huge influence on poets and writers of the 19th and 20th centuries. “Culture.RF” talks about the personality, life and work of Mikhail Lermontov.

Moscow youth

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was born on the night of October 2-3 (October 15, new style) 1814 in a house opposite the Red Gate Square - the very one where the most famous monument to the poet in Russia stands today.

Lermontov’s mother was not even seventeen at that time, and his father had a reputation as an attractive but frivolous person. The real power in the family was in the hands of the poet’s grandmother, Elizaveta Arsenyeva. It was she who insisted that the boy be named not Peter, as his father wanted, but Mikhail.

Young Lermontov was not distinguished by either good health or a cheerful disposition.

Artist unknown. Portrait of Mikhail Lermontov. 1820–1822. Institute of Russian Literature, St. Petersburg

Throughout his childhood he suffered from scrofula. A slight boy with an eating disorder and a rash all over his body caused disdain and ridicule among his peers. “Deprived of the opportunity to have fun with the ordinary amusements of children, Sasha began to look for them in himself...”- Lermontov wrote in one of his autobiographical stories. The more often Lermontov was ill, the more intensively his grandmother worked on his treatment and education. In 1825, she brought him to the Caucasus - this is how the most important toponym for him arose in Lermontov’s life. “The Caucasus Mountains are sacred to me”, - wrote the poet.

From September 1830, the poet studied at Moscow University - first in the moral and political department, and then in the verbal department. Later, following the Caucasus, Lermontov would call the University his “holy place.”

True, Mikhail did not seek the friendship of fellow students, did not take part in student circles, and skimped on disputes. Among those “ignored” by Lermontov was Vissarion Belinsky: they first communicated much later - during the poet’s first arrest. At the end of the second year, during a rehearsal for exams in rhetoric, heraldry and numismatics, Lermontov demonstrated that he was well-read beyond the syllabus and... almost complete ignorance of the lecture material. There were arguments with the examiners. So in the administration records, opposite Lermontov’s last name, a note appeared in Latin: consilium abeundi (“advised to leave”). After this, the young man moved to St. Petersburg.

St. Petersburg students

Lermontov disliked the city on the Neva, and the feeling turned out to be mutual. St. Petersburg University refused to count Lermontov's two Moscow years of study - he was offered to enroll again as a first-year student. Lermontov was offended and, on the advice of a friend, passed the exam at the School of Guards Ensigns and Cavalry Junkers.

On the eve of admission, Lermontov wrote a credo poem “Sail”. However, instead of a “storm”, only drill and routine awaited the poet at school. Here “It was not allowed to read books of purely literary content”. Lermontov called his years of study “terrible” and “ill-fated.”

At the School of Ensigns, the poet received the nickname Mayushka (in consonance with the French “doigt en maillet” - “crooked finger”). Lermontov really had a stoop, but the accuracy of the nickname lay not only in this. Its second meaning is a reference to a character in novels named Mae, a cynic and wit. During the course, the poet really behaved independently and boldly, while academically he was among the best students. In the notes of fellow student Nikolai Martynov (the same one who challenged the poet to the last duel), Lermontov is characterized as a person “so superior in mental development to all other comrades that it is impossible to draw parallels between them”.

Mikhail Lermontov. Pyatigorsk 1837-1838. State Literary Museum, Moscow

Mikhail Lermontov. Attack of the Life Guards Hussars near Warsaw. 1837. State Lermontov Museum-Reserve “Tarkhany”, village of Lermontovo, Penza region

Mikhail Lermontov. View of Tiflis. 1837. State Literary Museum, Moscow

During the St. Petersburg period, the poet began a historical novel on the theme of Pugachevism (“Vadim”), wrote lyrics (poems “Prayer”, “Angel”), the poem “Boyarin Orsha”, worked on the drama “Masquerade”.

On January 27, 1837, a duel between Alexander Pushkin and Georges Dantes took place on the Black River. Even before his death, rumors about the poet's death spread throughout St. Petersburg - they also reached Lermontov. Already on January 28, the first 56 verses of “The Death of a Poet” were finished, and the work began to rapidly spread in the lists. Literary critic Ivan Panaev wrote: “Lermontov’s poems on the poet’s death were copied in tens of thousands of copies, reread and learned by heart by everyone.”. On February 7, Lermontov wrote the 16 final lines of the poem (starting with “And you, arrogant descendants // Of the famous meanness of the illustrious fathers”), in which, along with the “murderer,” the high society of St. Petersburg and those close to the “throne” were named guilty of the poet’s death.

At the end of February, Lermontov was taken into custody. The proceedings took place with the personal participation of Emperor Nicholas I. Pushkin's friends (primarily Vasily Zhukovsky) and Lermontov's own grandmother, who also had social connections, stood up for Lermontov. As a result, he was transferred “with rank retained” to the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, which was then operating in the Caucasus. Lermontov left St. Petersburg a scandalous celebrity.

Literary fame

Lermontov's first Caucasian exile lasted only a few months, but was eventful: work on Mtsyri and The Demon, meeting the exiled Decembrists, visiting Pyatigorsk with its “water society” and a trip to Tiflis. During his exile, the poet’s youthful gaiety almost disappeared; he became even more withdrawn, often in “black melancholy.”

Thanks to his grandmother’s efforts, in 1838 Lermontov returned to the St. Petersburg world again. He was accepted into the circle of the literary elite: Pyotr Vyazemsky, Vasily Zhukovsky, Nikolai Karamzin. Lermontov became one of the most popular writers in the capital. Almost every issue of the magazine “Domestic Notes” by Andrei Kraevsky was published with new poems by the poet.

However, two years later, after another participation in a duel - with the son of the French ambassador Ernest de Barant - Lermontov again found himself in the Caucasus. He was ordered to be in the active army. Lermontov accepted the new punishment with passion: he participated in many battles, including the battle on the Valerik River. He dedicated the poem “Valerik” to this battle.

In the Caucasus, the poet worked on the novel “A Hero of Our Time,” the first chapters of which were created several years earlier. The work was published in excerpts in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, and later published as a separate book - it sold out very quickly. In the same year, 1840, the only lifetime edition of Lermontov’s poems was published.

Pyotr Konchalovsky. Portrait of Mikhail Lermontov. 1943. Image: russianlook.com

Ilya Repin. Duel (fragment). 1897. Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

At the beginning of February 1841, Lermontov obtained a short vacation to St. Petersburg. In the poet’s notebook at that moment the textbook “Cliff”, “Dream”, “Prophet”, “An oak leaf tore off from a branch” and “I go out alone on the road” were already written down. In the capital, Lermontov was busy with the publication of the poem “The Demon” and was considering a plan to publish his own magazine. However, these projects were not destined to come true: in April, the poet received an order to leave the city back to the regiment within 48 hours.

A quarrel with Nikolai Martynov happened on the poet’s way to the Caucasus, in Pyatigorsk. Being in his most sarcastic and melancholy mood, Lermontov teased the retired major evening after evening - and he challenged him to a duel. It took place on July 27, 1841 at the foot of Mount Mashuk near Pyatigorsk. According to eyewitnesses, during the duel the poet defiantly fired into the air. However, Martynov was too offended to show the same generosity. Mikhail Lermontov was shot through the chest.

Lermontov's only collection during his lifetime was “Poems by M. Lermontov,” published in 1840 in a circulation of 1,000 copies. The collection includes two (out of 36) poems by the author and 26 (out of 400) poems.

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov - the pride of Russian literature, Russian poet, prose writer, playwright - was born on October 15, 1814 in the family of a retired officer Yuri Petrovich and Maria Mikhailovna, a representative of a noble family, who died when the boy was two years old. Her death became a serious psychological trauma for the future poet, and was aggravated by the conflictual relationship between her father and maternal grandmother, E.A. Arsenyeva. She took the boy to her estate, in the Penza province, with. Tarkhany, and the future poet spent his childhood there. Mikhail grew up, caressed by love and care, received a good education, however, being an emotional, romantic, sickly, precocious child, he was, for the most part, in a sad mood, focused on the inner world.

As a ten-year-old boy, Mikhail Lermontov first came to the Caucasus, with which his entire future biography would be connected. From childhood, the future poet was imbued with special feelings for this region, especially since the impressions of his stay there were decorated with his first love. He showed an early ability for versification: poems and even poems written by him at the age of 14 have been preserved.

After their family moved to Moscow in 1827, in 1828 Mikhail became a fourth-class half-boarder at the Moscow University Noble Boarding School, where he received his education for about two years before the boarding house was transformed into a gymnasium. Here, his first poem, “Indian Woman,” was published in a handwritten journal.

In September 1830, Lermontov was a student at Moscow University (moral and political, then verbal department), where he studied for less than two years, because does not pass public exams: the teachers did not forgive him for his impudent behavior. Lermontov's poetic potential in this short period developed very fruitfully; his lyrical creativity of the early stage in 1830-1831. reaches its highest point. In order not to remain in the same course for the second year, he comes to St. Petersburg with his grandmother, hoping to transfer to a local university. However, his hopes were not justified: his studies in Moscow were not taken into account, and he was offered to enroll again as a first-year student.

Following the advice of a friend, on November 10, 1832, Lermontov entered the school of guard cadets and ensigns, where he spent, in his own words, “two terrible years,” filled with revelry, base entertainment, into which he plunged with all the strength of his restless and rebellious soul. After graduating from school in November 1834 with the rank of cornet, Life Guards, Lermontov was assigned to a hussar regiment located in Tsarskoye Selo.

His lifestyle is not much different from his previous one: Lermontov leads an active social life, becomes the life of the party, spends a lot of time with friends, flirts with women, breaking their hearts. In secular and officer circles he was already known as a poet, and in 1835 his work first appeared in print, without the knowledge of the author: a friend took the story “Hadji-Abrek” to the “Library for Reading”. It was greeted warmly by readers, but the dissatisfied Lermontov refused to publish his poems for a long time.

A poem written in 1837 on the death of Pushkin by M.Yu. Lermontov became a turning point in his biography. A hitherto unknown outstanding literary talent was revealed to the public, and the accusatory pathos of the work was perceived as an appeal to revolution. The consequence of this was deportation to the active army in the Caucasus, to the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment. Staying in his beloved lands had a fruitful effect on Lermontov and helped him find peace of mind; he even thought about retiring and staying here when his grandmother obtained a transfer for him in October 1837 to the Grodno Hussar Regiment, stationed in Novgorod. On his way home, Lermontov spent several months in Stavropol, where he met the Decembrists.

Since January 1838 M.Yu. Lermontov lives in St. Petersburg, having been transferred to the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, where he previously served. The two years he spent in the capital (1838-1840 and part of 1841) became the time of the real flowering of his poetic gift, the loud literary fame that came to him, and his perception as the political heir of A. Pushkin. He moves in Pushkin's literary circle, actively writes and publishes. This period includes, in particular, his “Mtsyri”, “Hero of Our Time”, “Fairy Tale for Children”, and many poems.

A duel after a quarrel at a ball with the son of the French ambassador on February 16, 1841 ended in reconciliation with the enemy - and exile in April to the Caucasus, to the active Tenginsky infantry regiment. Lermontov had to participate in fierce battles, in particular in Chechnya near the Valerki River, in which he demonstrated amazing courage and courage. He was nominated for awards twice, but the king did not give his consent.

In January 1841, Lermontov came to St. Petersburg on vacation for three months. People continue to be interested in him, he is hatching new creative plans, and dreams of retiring in order to devote himself to literature. When the vacation ended, his friends got him a short respite, and Lermontov, counting on the fact that he would still be given full retirement, did not leave on time. However, his hopes were not justified: he was ordered to leave St. Petersburg within 48 hours. According to contemporaries, the poet left for the Caucasus with a heavy heart, tormented by gloomy forebodings. Many of his best poems, included in the treasury of Russian poetry, date back to this period of his creative activity: “Farewell unwashed Russia”, “Cliff”, “I go out alone on the road...”, “Leaf”, “Motherland”, “Tamara” , “Prophet”, etc.

In Pyatigorsk, Lermontov moved in a circle of old acquaintances, young people who indulged in social entertainment. Among them was retired Major Martynov, with whom Lermontov had once studied at the school of guards cadets. The sharp-tongued poet more than once sarcastically ridiculed his posturing, pomposity and dramatic manners. The disagreement between them ended on July 27 (July 15, O.S.), 1841, with a duel in which the poet, who was in the prime of his life and creative powers, who did not attach importance to the seriousness of his opponent’s intentions, was killed on the spot. Friends tried to have him buried according to church customs, but this was not possible. In the spring of 1842, the ashes of Mikhail Yuryevich were brought to Tarkhany and buried in the family crypt.

Literary heritage of M.Yu. Lermontov, which consisted of about three dozen poems, four hundred poems, a number of prose and dramatic works, was published mainly after the death of their author. In the short 13 years of his creative biography, the poet made an invaluable contribution to Russian literature as the author of lyric poetry with an exceptional variety of themes and motifs; his work completed the development of the national romantic poem and created the foundation for the realistic novel of the 19th century.

We present to your attention short biography of Lermontov- the greatest Russian poet. great people are interesting because by spending just a few minutes, you can find out the main moments in the life of the person you are interested in.

Especially when we are talking about a person like Lermontov. After all, during his 26 years, he wrote such brilliant works that allowed him to become a classic and one of the most outstanding poets of Russia, entering the golden fund.

So, here is a short biography of Mikhail Lermontov.

Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov

Brief biography of Lermontov

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (1814-1841) - great Russian poet, prose writer, playwright, artist. His work had a huge influence on both his contemporaries and subsequent generations of young people.

By the way, Lermontov studied English on his own in order to read his beloved Byron in the original.

However, Lermontov's biography took an unconventional path.

Soon, after a collision with the reactionary professors, Mikhail Yuryevich was forced to leave the university and enter the St. Petersburg School of Guards Ensigns and Cavalry Junkers. In 1834, after graduating from school, he was appointed to the Life Guards Hussar Regiment.

Creative biography of Lermontov

The name of Mikhail Lermontov instantly thundered throughout the world after he wrote the poem “The Death of a Poet,” stunning in its depth.

This verse became the cry of the soul of a desperate poet when he learned of the death of the man he idolized.

Along with glory came troubles. For his “rebellious verse” Lermontov was sent into his first exile. However, this gave his biography new colors.

The Caucasus, where the poet was exiled, made an indelible impression on the living mind of the genius. His imprint is visible in almost all works.

Through the efforts of Mikhail’s grandmother, who had connections with someone close to the emperor, Lermontov was allowed to return from the Caucasus in a few months.

However, for a duel with the son of the French ambassador E. Barant, the poet was sent into exile for the second time, and again to the Caucasus. This happens in 1840.

It was then that he took a direct part in military operations, where, according to the officers, he showed himself to be an extremely courageous and brave warrior.

Works of Lermontov

Lermontov’s most famous works are the novel “Hero of Our Time”, the poems “Demon”, “Mtsyri”, “Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov”, the poems “Sail”, “Death of the Poet” and many others.

All these works are included in the golden fund of Russia's literary heritage.

Death of Lermontov

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was killed in a duel that took place in Pyatigorsk. Things went like this. The poet was returning from exile, and on the way he met his old acquaintance, Nikolai Martynov.

This is where Lermontov’s biography ends, but his legacy lives on and inspires many people around the world to this day.

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