Medical and biological support of sports and extreme activities. Medical and biological support of sports activities Medical and biological support of physical culture and sports
Entrance exam program
Direction 034300.68 Physical culture
Master's program "Medical and biological support of physical
culture and sports"
Explanatory note
The program is based on the State educational
standard of training for bachelors in the direction 034300.62 Physical education
Persons who have a bachelor's degree, a specialist's diploma or a master's degree on the basis of competitive selection, who have successfully passed the entrance examination and passed the competitive selection are enrolled in the master's training program. The main condition for selection is the depth and completeness of knowledge on the theory and methodology of physical culture, on the medical and biological foundations of the physical and functional state of the human body, as well as the degree of focus of scientific activity on studying the problems of medical and biological support of physical culture and sports.
Requirements for the entrance exam The form of the entrance exam is oral.
At the entrance examination, the applicant is required to demonstrate, first of all, knowledge of the theory and methodology of physical culture, and the medical and biological foundations of the physical and functional state of the human body. The ticket contains 2 questions:
1. Medical and biological foundations of the physical and functional state of the human body involved in physical culture and sports.
Topic 1. physical development and functional state of those involved in physical culture and sports.
The concept of physical development. The influence of systematic sports and physical education on the physical development and functional state of an athlete. Methods of research and assessment of physical development and functional state. Features of the physical development and physique of athletes involved in various sports.
The influence of systematic physical education and sports on the morphofunctional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the state of the gastrointestinal tract and the musculoskeletal system.
Methods for studying the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, musculoskeletal system.
Functional state of the nervous system and neuromuscular system of persons involved in physical education and sports.
Features of the functional state of external respiration in athletes.
Methods for studying external respiration.
Topic 2. Methods for assessing the physical development and functional state of those involved in physical culture and sports.
Methodology for conducting and methods for assessing the results of simple functional tests with physical activity. Methods for studying general physical performance.
Somatoscopy and anthropometry. Index methods, centile method, method of standards and anthropometric profiles. Assessment of the functional state of the central and autonomic nervous system of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, musculoskeletal system.
Reasons for the development of pathological conditions during irrational physical education and sports. Acute and chronic physical overexertion: clinical forms, signs, preventive measures.
Myocardial dystrophy, development mechanism, diagnosis, motor mode, preventive measures. Overtraining, development mechanism, signs, preventive measures.
Topic 3. physical rehabilitation and medical supervision of those involved in physical culture and sports.
General principles of using means of regulating recovery processes in sports. Medical and biological means of restoration and enhancement of sports performance.
Concept, structure of individual health, characteristics of components;
basics of comprehensive diagnostics of individual health.
A wellness approach to the development of physical abilities. Basics of health training: tasks, means, methods, contraindications, load dosing. Medical and pedagogical control in the process of physical education and health training: types, tasks, content, taking into account age characteristics. Features of nutrition during physical education and sports.
2. Medical and biological support in physical education and sports practice.
Topic 1. Medical and biological support for physical education and sports:
Purpose, objectives and organization of medical and biological support for physical education and sports:
Medical and pedagogical observations of athletes during training: objectives and content. Forms and organization of medical and pedagogical observations in various sports.
Topic 2. Features of medical control of sports competitions.
Principles of forming medical groups for physical education. Features of medical supervision of children, adolescents, boys and girls involved in physical education and sports.
Medical support for sports competitions: objectives, main stages and their content. Organization of anti-doping control in sports.
Doping groups. Sanctions for athletes caught doping.
General characteristics of sports injuries. External and internal causes of sports injuries. Signs of the most common sports injuries, first aid, preventive measures.
Physical exercises as a means of physical education, their classification. Methods of physical education and sports training:
purpose, classification, characteristics.
Topic 3. Medical and biological characteristics of the human body in physical education and sports practice.
Patterns and features of the development of a growing organism. Age periodization. Sensitive and critical periods, their consideration during physical education and sports.
Basic principles of physical education and sports training:
characteristics, patterns underlying them (principles of specificity, gradual increase in loads, repetition, systematicity, individuality, cyclicity).
Self-control. Basic indicators of self-control, methods of their registration and analysis. The unity of pedagogical, medical and self-control in the process of physical exercise.
Control over the health and physical fitness of those involved in physical exercises during the period of progressive development, relative stabilization of development and during the period of delayed development.
Technology for monitoring the health status of athletes during the aging period.
Characteristics of planning principles as starting points and an objective basis for justifying and making decisions: the relationship between various forms of organizing physical exercise classes;
systematic learning process; taking into account the conditions in which the process of physical exercise is carried out (level of preparedness of those involved, state of health, gender, age, logistics, climatic and geographical location, etc.).
1. Ganeev A.D. Fundamentals of correctional pedagogy - M.: 2. Wasserman L.I. and others. Psychological diagnostics of the life style index. A manual for doctors and psychologists. - St. Petersburg, 1999. -21 p.
3..Karvasar DB. Medical psychology. - L.: Medicine, 1982.
4. Theory and organization of adaptive physical culture: Textbook for students of higher and secondary vocational educational institutions carrying out educational activities in specialties 022500 “Physical culture for persons with health problems (adaptive physical culture)” and 0323 “Adaptive physical culture” / Under ed. prof. SP. Evseeva. - M.: Soviet sport, 2002 - 448 p.
5. Private methods of adaptive physical culture: A textbook for students of higher educational institutions carrying out educational activities in the specialty 022500 “Physical culture for persons with health problems (adaptive physical culture)” / Under the general editorship. L.V. Shapkova. - M: Soviet Sport, 2003. - 464s, ill.
6. Theory and organization of adaptive physical culture: A textbook for students of higher and secondary vocational educational institutions carrying out educational activities in the specialty “Physical culture for persons with health problems (adaptive physical culture)” / Under the general editorship. SP. Evseeva. - M:
Soviet sport, 2002. - 464 p.
7. Belaya N.A. Guide to therapeutic massage. - M.: Medicine, 1983.
8. Therapeutic physical culture: Directory. Ed. V.L. Epifanova. M.:Medicine, 1988,2001.
9. Therapeutic physical culture: Textbook for the Institute of Physical Culture. Ed. S.N.Popova. - M.: Physical education and sports, 1988.
10. Therapeutic physical education: Textbook. Ed. S.N.Popova. M.: Academy, 2004.
11. Instructor’s textbook on therapeutic physical culture for institutes of physical culture. Ed. V.P. Pravosudova. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1980.
12. Physical rehabilitation of children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. - M.: Soviet sport, 2000.
13. Physical rehabilitation: Textbook for students of academies and institutes of physical culture. Ed. S.N.Popova. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 14. V.I. Dubrovsky. Sports medicine. 15. V.A. Epifanov. Sports medicine. 16. S.F. Kurdybaylo et al. Medical control in AFK. 17. A.V. Smolensky. A short course of lectures on sports medicine. 18. V.A. Epifanov. Exercise therapy and sports medicine. 19. Popov E.N., Valeev N.M. Private pathology.
20. Sumaronov A.V. Internal illnesses.
21. Isaeva L.A. Childhood diseases.
22. Makolkin V.I. Internal illnesses.
Criteria for assessing the entrance exam for ... Criteria for assessing an oral answer to a question on an examination card: validity, the answer is complete, detailed, corresponds to the logic of the exam program, indicates 2 awareness, flexibility, independence, depth and breadth of the range of sources. The answer provides links to the authors of special concepts and concepts, correct pronunciation
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Purpose of the program- is the formation of general cultural and professional competence among masters, contributing to their research, teaching, coaching and physical education activities.
Place of the course in the professional training of a master
The content of these academic disciplines meets the requirements of the qualification characteristics of a master of physical education. These disciplines are fundamental in the formation of the strategy and tactics of the master of physical education and contribute to the formation of master's students' personal qualities, general cultural and professional competencies in the field of physical education for the implementation of scientific, pedagogical, research, physical education and educational activities taking into account the needs; will be introduced to the techniques of medical and biological support of physical culture and sports in order to ensure the preservation and strengthening of health, as well as increasing the level of sportsmanship of those involved.
Disciplines that are studied in the master's program
Cycle of disciplines in the M1 direction:
- History and methodology of science
- Logics
- Information technologies in science and education
- Modern problems of the sciences of physical culture
- Foreign language.
Cycle of special disciplines M2:
- Conflictology in sports and extreme activities
- Technologies of scientific research in sports and extreme activities
- Functional systems theory
- Psychological correction of personality in sports and extreme activities
- Medical-biological and psychological-pedagogical criteria for selecting individuals for sports and extreme activities.
Elective disciplines M1.V.DV1:
- Chronobiology in sports and extreme activities
- Biomedical ecology.
Elective disciplines M1.V.DV2:
- Workshop on medical and biological support for persons with limited functionality
- Workshop on adaptation mechanisms to various types of sports and extreme activities.
Elective disciplines M1.V.DV3:
- Medical and biological support for persons with limited functionality
- Adaptation mechanisms to various types of sports and extreme activities.
Elective disciplines M1.V.DV4:
- Psychophysiological methods and means of human recovery from sports and extreme activities
- Prevention of maladaptive states in sports and extreme activities.
Elective disciplines M1.V.DV5:
- Medical and biological means of optimizing the functional state of a person
- Biomedical ethics in medical and biological support of sports and extreme activities.
Elective disciplines M1.V.DV6:
- Modern directions of nutritionology in sports and extreme activities
- Ontokinesiology.
Electives:
- Prevention of injuries in sports and extreme activities.
Practices:
- Educational practice
- Production
- Pre-graduation.
Research work:
- Research work
- Research seminar.
Questions for the written exam “Theory of Physical Culture and Sports” for admission to the master’s program “Medical and Biological Support of Sports and Extreme Activities”
- “Physical culture” as the initial concept of the theory of physical culture (definition of the concept; characteristics of it as a type of activity, as a set of objective values, as a result of activity).
- The subject of the theory of physical culture (formation of the general theory of physical culture, the theory of physical culture as a science and educational subject).
- Components and forms of physical culture used in society (content, focus).
- General and specific functions of physical culture.
- Health-improving forces, natural and hygienic factors as auxiliary means.
- Content and form of physical exercises (characteristics of the content and form of physical exercises, their relationship).
- Physical exercise technique (definition, general concept: basis, defining link, details of technique).
- Characteristics of motor actions: spatial, dynamic, temporal and spatiotemporal (content, practical examples).
- Effects of exercise (proximal, trace and cumulative).
- Load in the process of physical education (definition of the concept, “external” aspects of the load, load criteria, types of loads).
- Rest as a component of load in physical education (types of rest by nature and duration, their characteristics, functions of rest).
- Organizational and methodological foundations of the domestic system of physical education.
- Ideological-theoretical and program-normative foundations of the physical education system (physical education programs and the state standard in the subject “Physical Education”).
- Methods of using words and means of visual influence in the process of physical education (groups, types, methods of their application in the practice of physical education).
- Game and competitive methods (content, characteristic features, tasks to be solved).
- Uniform and repeated-interval methods (content, application in the practice of physical education).
- Methods of continuous and variable interval exercise (content, application in the practice of physical education).
- Methods of dismembered-constructive and selective influence (content, application in the practice of physical education).
- Methods of holistic-constructive and conjugate influence (content, application in the practice of physical education).
- Combined exercise methods (characteristics, application, specific examples).
- Circular training as an organizational and methodological form of training in the complex use of physical exercises (content, application in the practice of physical education).
- Strength as a physical quality of a person (definition of the concept, modes of manifestation of strength, types of strength abilities; tasks, means of developing strength abilities and methods for assessing the level of their development).
- Methodology for developing strength abilities. The use of “maximum” and “near-limit” weights, “unlimited” weights with a maximum number of repetitions, isometric stresses in the methodology of developing strength abilities (content, impact, application in practice).
- Speed as a physical quality of a person (definition of the concept, forms of manifestation of speed; tasks, means of developing speed abilities; factors determining the appearance of speed abilities and methods of assessment).
- Developing speed of movement (means, methods, approximate parameters of loads; speed barrier, ways to prevent and remove the speed barrier).
- Education of the speed of motor reactions (types of motor reactions, methods of training the speed of motor reactions).
- Cultivation of endurance (definition of the concept, forms of manifestation of endurance, tasks, means, methods, dosing of load parameters).
- Education of motor-coordinating abilities (types of manifestation of coordination abilities, tasks, means and distinctive features of the methodology for developing motor-coordinating abilities).
- Cultivating flexibility (definition of the concept, types of manifestation, factors determining their manifestations, means and methods of cultivating flexibility, criteria for assessing the development of the level of flexibility).
- Body weight regulation (techniques of exercises that stimulate an increase in muscle mass; techniques of exercises that promote weight loss).
- The role of foci of chronic infection in assessing the health status of athletes.
- Methods for assessing the physical development of an individual.
- Factors influencing physical development.
- Laws of growth.
- Biochemical research methods and assessment of athlete performance.
- Eco-hygienic factors influencing the physical performance and functional state of the athlete’s body.
- Structure of morbidity among athletes.
- Classification of causes of sudden death in athletes.
- Possible injuries when playing team sports.
- Morphofunctional characteristics of age-related characteristics of athletes and people involved in physical education.
- Self-control of an athlete (self-control diary).
- Methods for restoring sports performance.
- The influence of heavy physical activity on the functional state of the athlete’s body.
- Preventive, rehabilitation and recovery measures during physical exercise.
- Independent physical education classes.
- Socio-biological foundations of physical culture and sports.
- Physical self-education and self-improvement as a condition for a healthy lifestyle.
- Possible injuries during activities: gymnastics, athletics, skiing.
- Treatment of victims and general principles of first aid.
- Main causes of injuries.
- Hypokinesia. Causes of hypokinesia and its consequences.
- Prevention of sports injuries.
- Overfatigue in athletes: causes, symptoms (overfatigue, asthenia), recovery measures.
- Explain adaptation to various physical activities. Define types of adaptation.
- Describe the methods and means of accelerating the body’s recovery processes.
- Explain the physiological features of the development of physical qualities in children and adolescents. Sensitive periods.
- Tell us about the physiological basis of children's sports selection.
- Clinical death and pre-medical resuscitation measures.
- Resuscitation measures in case of drowning.
- Medical support for sports events. Monitoring the readiness of venues, accommodation, meals.
Any training process aimed at achieving results necessarily requires scientific, methodological and medical support. In order to correctly manage the training process, the coach needs to evaluate a number of indicators that reflect the performance and health status of the athlete. To do this, it is necessary to conduct a medical examination at certain intervals, as well as regularly monitor the athlete’s functional state.
That is why a laboratory of sports medicine and physiology has been created in the FIT complex of the Heraklion Foundation in close proximity to the CrossFit GERAKLION sports club. It is intended for both professional athletes and people who are fond of sports and have made it a major part of their leisure time.
The laboratory is unique in its equipment and methods used. We have modern, high-tech devices for medical and functional diagnostics at our disposal.
Another feature of the laboratory is that it has a full-fledged training base and a sports nutrition restaurant, which undoubtedly allows a more detailed approach to the study of physical activity and human health.
There are three main areas of work of the laboratory:
- diagnosis of health status;
- medical and biological support of professional and amateur sports;
- research work in the field of sports and physical culture.
DIAGNOSIS OF HEALTH STATE
As part of this area, the laboratory carries out full-scale studies of the cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal system, as well as an integral assessment of the state of health in general.
For non-invasive assessment of health status, the SIMONA 111 integrated monitoring system is used. The system allows you to simultaneously evaluate a number of important physiological indicators: central and peripheral hemodynamics, respiratory and gas exchange parameters, body temperature, brain activity, and metabolic rate. Comprehensive diagnostics of the state of the cardiovascular system is carried out using expert-class electrophysiological and ultrasound diagnostic systems from GE: MAC 800, SEER 12, CASE, LOGIQ E9.
This diagnosis allows you to quickly and accurately examine the patient for the most common diseases: atherosclerosis, heart defects, coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension, heart rhythm disturbances and others.
Studies of the state of the musculoskeletal system in the laboratory are carried out using a digital dual-energy absorptiometer (densitometer) of the expert class Lunar Prodigy from GE. The osteodensitometry method is the main tool for determining bone mineral density and predicting the risk of fractures.
An additional function of this device is the ability to determine the component composition of the body. Today, dual-energy absorptiometry is considered the most advanced technology in such studies.
If necessary, digital radiography can be performed using the GE Optima XR mobile device. This device has an ultra-low radiation dose and makes it possible to conduct “field” studies, obtaining high-quality images.
PACS SYSTEM
The PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) telemedicine system is installed in the laboratory of sports medicine and physiology.
This system unites all diagnostic instruments of the laboratory into a single digital archive and allows specialists to exchange medical information while located in different parts of the globe.
Using this equipment, a specialist also has the opportunity to remotely, online, monitor the athlete’s condition during training and, if necessary, promptly adjust or stop the load.
This technology can significantly improve the quality of diagnostics and makes it possible to provide highly qualified assistance from specialists from leading medical centers in the world and significantly save patient costs.
MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF PROFESSIONAL AND AMATEUR SPORTS
One of the main directions of the laboratory’s work is medical and biological support for athletes of various specializations.
Within the framework of this direction, a comprehensive diagnosis of sports performance is offered, which includes determining the functional state of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, speed-strength and aerobic capabilities of muscles, analysis of the composition of the body and much more.
Sports results in various sports depend not only on the functional state of the central physiological systems, but also on the state of the executive apparatus, namely on the specific anatomical parts and muscles that perform the main work in a given sport.
Taking this into account, in order to obtain reliable data when testing various specializations, the laboratory presents three load modules:
- HP COSMOS treadmill;
- bicycle ergometer for leg work Lode Excalibur Sport;
- bicycle ergometer for manual work Lode Brachumera Sport.
In terms of developed power, measurement accuracy and safety level, this equipment fully meets the requirements of professional sports. Each of the load modules is equipped with a modern Quark CPET gas exchange analysis system and a 12-channel electrocardiographic system from the Italian company Cosmed. An athlete's muscle and body fat percentages and bone mineral density are measured using GE's Lunar Prodigy densitometer. Today, this is the most modern method for analyzing body composition.
Based on the results of medical and functional testing, the health status and level of performance of the athlete is determined. Based on these data, limiting factors for the growth of sports form are identified and recommendations are given on the use of certain loads, and the effectiveness of the training process is assessed.
RESEARCH WORK IN THE FIELD OF SPORTS AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Modern professional sports and recreational physical culture in Russia are in great need of methodological support from fundamental and applied science. Often, the success of teams, clubs or representatives of individual sports is dictated by the practical experience of a particular coach or the talent of the “stars”.
In domestic methodological manuals on sports training, empiricism continues to dominate and the latest achievements of medical and biological sciences are not used. However, it is quite obvious that in order to form a modern theory of sports it is necessary to work at the intersection of pedagogical and biomedical sciences. This approach is being implemented in the laboratory of sports medicine and physiology of the Heraklion Foundation.
In addition to a wide range of modern diagnostic techniques in the laboratory itself, the FIT complex has its own training base for conducting “field” research and experimental data verification. All this allows us to carry out full-fledged research work in the field of physical culture, sports and medicine. Based on this, the Heraklion Foundation sets itself the task of combining the latest achievements in medicine, information technology and practical sports experience into a single technology aimed at increasing the efficiency and maintaining the health of athletes and thereby contributing to the development of modern theory and methods of physical education.
Medical and biological support of physical culture and sports (Head – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Chernozemov V.G.) 1 Purpose of the master's program 1. Prepare master's students for independent activities that require broad education in the field and in-depth professional specialization; 2. To introduce the methods of medical and biological support of physical culture and sports in order to ensure the preservation and strengthening of health, as well as increasing the level of sportsmanship of those involved. 3. Formation of master’s students’ personal qualities, general cultural and professional competencies in the field of physical education in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education for the implementation of scientific, pedagogical, research, physical education and educational activities, taking into account the needs of the region and the national traditions of the inhabitants of the European North; Children of the North: health, growth and development
Features of the program: 1. Focus on training specialists in the field of medical and biological support for people involved in physical education and sports in the conditions of the Arctic region. 2. Training of specialists in the field of medical and biological support of people involved in physical education and having certain health problems. 3. Possibility of internship in rehabilitation centers of the city of Arkhangelsk
Admission conditions: Persons who have a bachelor's degree, a specialist's diploma or a master's degree on the basis of a competitive selection are enrolled in the master's training program, who have successfully passed the entrance examination and passed the competitive selection. The main condition for selection is the depth and completeness of knowledge in physiology, sports medicine, as well as the degree of focus of scientific activity on the study of problems of medical and biological support of training and competitive processes.
Practice is a compulsory section of the master's degree. It is a type of training sessions directly focused on the professional and practical training of students. Internships are carried out in third-party organizations or in departments and laboratories of the university that have the necessary personnel, scientific and technical potential
