German stew. Military history: How the fighters of World War II ate Dinner in a tin
115
On Raybert, this "stew" has already been debunked on three pages
No one has ever seen her on a bike trip.
In 1915? Oh well, nafigSoldiers of General Shkuro, stew helped a lot
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There is still a continuation of the story ...
In 1991, fate threw me into the Leningrad Museum, where my friend worked. In the museum, I met an interesting grandfather, who turned out to be a real encyclopedia in terms of equipment, weapons and uniforms of all the armies of the world, starting, probably, with Sumer and Babylon and ending with World War II. The modern army did not seem to interest him. They talked about the equipment of the Wehrmacht, and I told the story with the German stew. He told, resting on the mind, prudence and other positive qualities of the Germans, who already in the 38th year established the release of such a useful invention.
Grandfather listened attentively and said: “Young man, this invention of the Russian engineer Fedorov, made by him in 1897, began to be produced at the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1915, the Russian army began to receive this stew in the trenches, albeit in small quantities. General Lkuro, who was the first world commander of the Plastun detachment on the Caucasian front, recalled about her in his memoirs. The Turkish rear was their permanent habitat, and this stew helped them greatly. Fast, high-calorie, does not unmask when cooking.
Then the release was stopped, after the civil war they completely forgot about it. Not to fat. And the Germans in the First World War, having tasted the trophy Russian stew, appreciated the idea and set up production by the Second World War. And now we admire them! It's always like this with us. We will invent, then we will forget. And many years later we buy our own invention from foreigners! "
But that's not all! In 1997, I read in one of the newspapers about a useful discovery made by Japanese scientists. According to the description - she is darling! A can of stewed meat with a double bottom, quicklime, water. The production of canned food for tourists and climbers has been established. Soon, perhaps, it will be sold in Russia too. The Irony of Fate. Exactly one hundred years later, the circle was closed. Get your money ready, we'll be buying a Japanese novelty soon!
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Yeah ... they knew how to do it with high quality ... Everything to win. Just like ours, but against us with precision. Forgive me, friends, for a pun. I also found cans of stew in the Orangebaum cauldron area ... but they were swollen .The temperature regime is not observed)))).This is a story about
german stew
in banks with
self-heating,
which was
invented by a Russian engineer
Fedorov at the end
the century before last.
During the First
World war
the Russian army was supplied with such
stewed meat. AND
then came
In the summer of 1976 in
Murmansk was neutralized
merchants
weapons. Happening
for those times
wildest, in those
times to trade in arms
was like-
it is not accepted.
When everyone
intruders
overfished,
it turned out the following.
Residents of one of
villages of Kola
peninsula with
boats on one of
lakes, saw at the bottom through
transparent
some water
boxes. Diving
equipment they have
was not, having sipped
taken for fishing sewed (so
called alcohol),
dived into the icy
water (she's there
always icy) and
tied one of the boxes
rope.
Through efforts
team box
was pulled out and
opened. TO
to the aboriginal delight in it
found themselves
brand new,
wrapped in
parchment,
greased german
submachine guns MR-40,
absolutely not
affected by
water. Upon attempt
sell them in Murmansk
merchants immediately
got caught and showing
place of find,
set off
serve a sentence.
To retrieve
boxes decided
was to attract
military divers-
sappers. Our group trained
on courses at
Podolsk
engineering troops for
specialty
sapper diver,
fit perfectly
for all requirements.
Actually
main specialty
we were different, but
at the last
teachings we
drew very
beautiful. We succeeded using
diving
equipment,
"Mine"
bridge over mountain
the river in the Carpathians, and above
instruct it
task to us.
So the helicopter
flew away, leaving
us by the lake with a reserve
food,
raft PSN-20,
was to
use as
floating bases,
two boats
LAS-5, diving
equipment and
compressor
"Start". There are six of us
military personnel
urgent service with
commander
lieutenant Kolesnikov
(nickname Collie) and
committee members,
which should
were to make sure that we ourselves
something not
stole, describe
whatever we get
and periodically
send where necessary.
PSN anchored
right over
boxes. First
got it the same day
more than a dozen. Opened: in
found themselves
submachine guns MR-40,
which we have in
misnamed
schmeisers. In two
cartridges for them, in
the rest -
stew of '38
manufacturing. All perfectly
packed
and almost not
suffered from
water. Stew
tried it.
It turned out to be quite edible.
Dogs, on
which can
would experience
relict meat, y
we were not there.
I had to myself.
Psychological
no one barriers
experienced. After
survival course,
on which we
i had to eat frogs and snakes,
us and meat
mammoth from eternal
permafrost gone
would be for a delicacy.
Since the bosses of us
supplied
standard
army food rations,
basically
consisting of porridge
and pretty boring
soviet pork
stew (from
bank settlement for
two per day), this
a gift from the wehrmacht
seemed for nothing
The next day
raised boxes with
ice axes on which they stood
image
edelweiss, already
familiar MP-40 and
boxes with strange
banks, capacity
about 1.5
liters, consisting
as if from two
parts, one above the other. On
parts drawn
arrow where
twist. Having decided
what twisted
bottom, can be opened
jar, one of
committeemen
did this.
There was a hiss.
Throwing away the can, everything, just
case, lay down.
Suddenly some
unknown mine.
However, yet
the bank was flying, it dawned on everyone
stew with
heated, oh
which before
had to
hear. Come on,
touched the jar -
hot! They opened it.
Stew with porridge.
And meat
more than porridge. Yes! Were able to
take care of their
soldiers. Ready
cooked for
minutes without
spending
fuel, not
unmasking myself
smoke. Calorie
and delicious. In intelligence such
simply irreplaceable.
We discussed for a long time
what are the Germans smart
prudent like theirs
it was great
delivered
provision in
parts. This is,
judging by the date of manufacture on
bank, was done
already in the 38th year! AND
how simple!
Turning the bottom
banks are introduced into
contact
quicklime
the result
reactions - heating.
Get a soldier a gift from
vaterland about you
remembers. And How
qualitatively
did you bastards!
After lying in the water for more
thirty
years, lime is not
extinguished,
tightness not
broken,
the stew is not rotten.
Reflecting on
topic: "How is it all
got here? "
came to the conclusion,
that the Germans, judging by the ice axes,
huntsmen, at
retreat, not
having the opportunity
take out warehouses,
located on the shore,
knocked out
ice hole and drowned
property to
got it. Rather
everything, it was winter, if everything
drown from the boat, then
the boxes were not lying
in one pile
only in one
a place 50 meters from the coast,
lay in
different places.
Lake we are of course
searched the air force
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The case for those times was the wildest, in those days it was somehow not accepted to trade in weapons. When all the intruders were caught, the following became clear.
Residents of one of the villages of the Kola Peninsula, from a boat on one of the lakes, saw some boxes at the bottom through the transparent water. They did not have diving equipment, after taking a sip of an awl taken for fishing (as alcohol is called here), they dived into the icy water (it is always icy there) and tied one of the boxes with a rope.
Through the efforts of the team, the box was pulled out and opened. To the delight of the aborigines, it turned out to be brand new, wrapped in parchment, covered with grease, German machine guns MP-40, completely unharmed by the water. When trying to sell them in Murmansk, the would-be traders were immediately caught and, having shown the place of the find, went to serve their sentence. To retrieve the boxes, it was decided to involve military divers-sappers. Our group, trained at the courses at the Kamenets-Podolsk School of Engineering Troops as a diver-sapper, ideally suited all the requirements. Actually, our main specialty was different, but at the last exercises we drew very beautifully. Using diving equipment, we managed to "mine" a bridge over a mountain river in the Carpathians, and at the top they decided to entrust us with this task.
So, the helicopter flew away, leaving us at the lake with a supply of food, a PSN-20 raft, which was to be used as a floating base, two LAS-5 boats, diving equipment and a Start compressor. We are six conscripts with a commander, senior lieutenant Kolesnikov and two committee members, who were supposed to make sure that we didn't steal anything ourselves, describe everything that we get, and periodically send where we need to. The PSN was anchored right above the boxes. On the first day, more than a dozen were obtained. They opened it: six turned out to be MP-40 assault rifles, which in our country are incorrectly called Schmeisers. In two there are cartridges for them, in the rest - stew of 38th year of manufacture. Everything is perfectly packed and hardly damaged by water.
We tried the stew. It turned out to be quite edible.We didn't have dogs on which to test the relic meat. I had to myself. Nobody experienced psychological barriers. After the course of survival, on which we had to eat frogs and snakes, we and the meat of the mammoth from the permafrost would have gone for a delicacy. Since the authorities supplied us with standard army food rations, mainly consisting of porridge and pretty boring Soviet pork stew (at the rate of a can for two a day), this gift from the Wehrmacht seemed like a godsend. The next day, boxes with ice axes were lifted, on which there were stamps with the image of edelweiss, the already familiar MP-40 and boxes with strange cans, with a capacity of about 1.5 liters, consisting, as it were, in two parts, one above the other. An arrow is drawn on the small part where to turn. Having decided that by twisting the lower part, one could open the jar, one of the committee members did it. There was a hiss. Throwing away the can, everyone, just in case, lay down. Suddenly some unknown mine.
However, even while the can was flying, the thought dawned on everyone - a heated stew, which we had heard about before. They came up and felt the jar - it's hot! They opened it. Stew with porridge. Moreover, there is more meat than porridge. Yes! The Germans knew how to take care of their soldiers. A ready-made lunch prepared in a matter of minutes, without consuming fuel, without revealing yourself with smoke. High in calories and delicious. In exploration, such a dry ration is simply irreplaceable. We discussed for a long time how smart and prudent the Germans were, how well they had the support in the units. After all, judging by the date of manufacture on the can, it was made already in the 38th year! And how simple! By turning the bottom of the can, quicklime and water are brought into contact. The result of the reaction is heating. Get a soldier a gift from the Fuhrer, vaterland remembers you. And how well they did, you bastards! After lying in the water for more than thirty years, the lime has not extinguished, the tightness has not broken, the stew has not rotted.
Reflecting on the topic: "How did all this get here?", We came to the conclusion that the Germans, judging by the ice axes of the mountain rangers, when retreating, unable to take out the warehouses located on the shore, cut an ice hole and drowned property so that ours would not get it. Most likely, it was in the winter, if everything was drowned from the boat, then the boxes would not lie in one heap only in one place 50 meters from the shore, but would lie in different places. Of course, we searched the lake up and down. No more deposits were found, and neither were weapons. In total, about two hundred boxes were raised. MI-8 flew in several times and took out the accumulated property. Where this lake is located on the Kola Peninsula, we never found out. Helicopter flew in, helicopter flew away. But this story 15 years later received an unexpected continuation.
In 1991, fate threw me into the Leningrad Museum, where my friend worked.In the museum, I met an interesting grandfather, who turned out to be a real encyclopedia in terms of equipment, weapons and uniforms of all the armies of the world, starting, probably, with Sumer and Babylon and ending with World War II. The modern army did not seem to interest him. They talked about the equipment of the Wehrmacht, and I told the story of the German stew. He told, resting on the mind, prudence and other positive qualities of the Germans, who already in the 38th year established the release of such a useful invention.
Grandfather listened attentively and said: "Young man, this invention of the Russian engineer Fedorov, made by him in 1897, began to be produced already at the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1915, the Russian army began to receive this stew in the trenches, albeit in small quantities. He recalled about it. in the memoirs of General Lkuro, who was the first world commander of the Plastun detachment on the Caucasian front. The Turkish rear was their permanent habitat, and this stew helped them greatly. Fast, high-calorie, does not unmask when cooking. Then the release was stopped, after the civil war in general about They forgot it. Not to the fat. And the Germans in the First World War, having tasted the trophy Russian stew, appreciated the idea and started the production by the Second World War. And now we are delighted with them! We always do this. We will invent, then forget. And after many years we buy our own. invention from foreigners! "
But that's not all! In 1997, I read in one of the newspapers about a useful discovery made by Japanese scientists.According to the description - she is darling! A can of stewed meat with a double bottom, quicklime, water. The production of canned food for tourists and climbers has been established. Soon, perhaps, it will be sold in Russia too. The Irony of Fate. Exactly one hundred years later, the circle was closed. Get your money ready, we'll be buying a Japanese novelty soon!
Diet for mountain parts and skiers. It is clear that the diet during heavy physical exertion should be much higher in calories than usual - dried fruits, cookies, chocolate. And six cigarettes.
Special diet for mountain rangers.
One day patrol diet - sausage, butter, chocolate, dextroenergene (sugar substitute).
The ration of the narashutists is canned sausage, two cans of cheese, chocolate, biscuits, "marshgetrank".
Diet for six days. 12 chocolates, plus cognac.
An article from Adler magazine from 1943 talks about the 48-hour diet of paratroopers:
Four packs of canned sausage (250 g).
250g of cheese in two aluminum tubes.
Two packets of crackers (250 g).
Five packages (500 g) of soy meat - "Fleisch Brot".
Four chocolate bars.
Three packs of dextroenergene.
Three packages of "marshgate".
Chewing gum packaging.
Cigarettes and matches.
Motorized units could be given up to three additional "portions", in addition to the usual NZ, since they were mobile and sometimes detached from their suppliers at decent distances. Their diet consisted of an 850 gram can of canned meat and vegetables, 500 grams of knackebrots, chocolate and dry lemonade.
During 1943, the tankers added another 200 grams of lard or fatty pork, 25 grams of pressed coffee, 15 grams of coffee beans, 10 grams of sugar to this diet.
Later, additional chocolate and hard candies were added to the diet to ensure quick recovery.
The pilots, in addition to the usual food, were given half a liter of milk, an egg, bread, butter before the flight. During the flight, you could refresh yourself with chocolate, fruits or candied nuts. In addition to NZ, long-distance crews were issued a hunting rifle to shoot game in the event of an emergency landing.
Under normal conditions, the unit was supposed to have a three-day supply of food to feed its soldiers. In addition to this, there were two types of emergency rations. The first, this is half, it was kept by every soldier. The second was a complete savory diet, and it was kept in the field kitchen in case the usual supplies ran out.
It could also be transported on other vehicles of the part. The decision to use the full NZ was taken by the unit commander, after using up the usual products, and based on the surrounding situation. That is, NZ products were not served along with a regular lunch.
The complete NZ consisted of:
1). Canned meat, at the rate of 200 grams. Could be in banks bigger size - 400 or 850 grams.
2). Vegetables, based on 150 grams of dried or canned vegetables, or "pea sausage".
3). Dry baked goods, 250 grams, same as half ration.
4). Coffee, or ersatz coffee, 25 grams.
five). Salt, also 25 grams.
Processed cheeses "Tilsiter" in tubes - "BONA" and "ADA".
Canned sausage.
"Sho-ka-kola" for the emergency Luftwaffe NZ.
"Sho-ka-cola".
Coffee in tubes with milk and sugar.
Marshgetrank (dry lemonade) - was also in cardboard boxes.
Dried cabbage, 600 grams.
Large army pack of Knorr soups. "Kriegspakung! Handle with care! Do not quit!" Oxtail soup - "Ochsenschwanzartsuppe".
Jar of canned stewed cabbage.
The real German stew is a heated stew. It is prepared in 1.5 liter tin cans, as it were, in two parts, one above the other, from porridge and meat. An arrow is drawn on the small part, turning which, you turn on the heating process. The contents of the can heats up and you instantly get a hot meal. Of course, it is unrealistic to cook such a stew at home, but you can still do something similar. Our site brings to your attention a recipe for a wonderful homemade stew with porridge, based on German motives. Of course, it is unrealistic to cope with automatic heating of stew at home, but the stew turns out to be so hearty, aromatic and tasty that you can even eat it cold. Well, in order to enjoy the real taste of German stew, you need to put it in the pan and just reheat it.
Ingredient List
- pork - 600 g
- garlic - 5 cloves
- bay leaf - 5 pcs
- buckwheat - 500 g
- water - 500 ml
- lard - 5 tsp
- salt to taste
Cooking method
Wash the pork, dry it and clean it thoroughly. Cut the meat into pieces and place in a bowl. Add salt and pepper. To stir thoroughly.
Take 5 half liter sterile jars and put the meat in them, filling the jars to about the middle. Add a teaspoon of lard to each jar and pour in water so that it is on the same level with the meat. Put cans of meat in a cold oven and cover with tin lids without rubber bands.
Turn on the oven to heat up to a temperature of 200 degrees and wait until the water in the cans with meat boils. This process usually takes 30-40 minutes. Then reduce the temperature and simmer the meat in jars for 3 hours. In this case, you need to monitor the temperature in the oven so that the meat is quietly stewed.
Peel and cut the garlic into halves. Wash bay leaves. Take out the jars of meat, put the garlic and bay leaf in them. Pour into each jar 100 g of buckwheat washed and dried in a dry frying pan and pour in 100 ml of warm water. Cover the jars with the lids again and return to the oven.
Wait until the liquid in the jars boils, then reduce the temperature and cook for 50 minutes. Turn off the oven and leave the stew in it for another 1.5 hours. Then remove the stew from the oven and roll up, inserting the previously removed rubber bands into the tin lids.
The German stew is ready!
A kilogram of bread, 100 grams of cereals, 400 grams of fresh meat, 20 grams of sugar, 0.7 grams of pepper - this was the daily ration of a Russian soldier in the beginning, according to the regulations. At first, the French cooked for themselves - from the products issued quartermaster or received in a parcel from home. But by 1915 it became clear that bonfires in the night were an excellent target for German snipers, and a regular ration was first introduced in the French army: 650 g biscuits, 400 g meat or fish, 60 g rice, 12 g coffee. German soldiers were supposed to have 750 g of bread, 300 g of beef, 600 g of potatoes, 125 g of cheese. But as the war took on a protracted nature, the soldiers rations were reduced. By 1917, the soldiers of all the belligerent armies already ate mainly breadcrumbs, rutabagas, dried vegetables and chicory. And the main soldier's joy became stew - 200-300 grams per day.
Dinner in a tin
In 1966, an amusing incident occurred in Moscow. Pensioner Andrei Vasilievich Muratov brought All-Union Scientific Research Institute of the Canning Industry jar, which he received at the front during the First World War. There was an inscription on the can: “Petropavlovsk canned food. Stewed meat. 1916 ". The specialists of the research institute, having examined the meat, found that the beef stew was perfectly preserved and suitable for food. Despite the fact that she has been in the bank for exactly half a century!
The question of how to preserve food in order to feed the army on a long march faced people for many centuries. We solved it in different ways. The Egyptians marinated fried ducks in olive oil, and then put them in amphorae and sealed with resin - one such amphora was found by archaeologists during excavations of the tomb of Tutankhamun. The Romans, according to the recipe of Senator Mark Porcius of Canton the Elder, poured grape juice into earthen vessels, closed it with a tar cork, and lowered it into the pool for 30 days. And the Indians prepared "pemmikan" - meat or fish was dried in the sun, then mixed with spices, pressed and stored in leather bags for up to six months.
Sterilized canned food were invented at the beginning of the 19th century thanks to Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1795, France fought several wars at once - against Prussia, England and Austria. At the insistence of Bonaparte, who commanded the army in northern Italy at that time, the Convention announced a competition for the best way to store food for a long time. It was won by the chef Nicolas Apper, a restaurant owner in Paris. Taking as a basis the theory of two scientists - Irishman Needham and Italian Spallanzani, that putrefactive microbes cause spoilage of food, Upper decided to kill bacteria by heating. He filled jars of strong broth, stews, stewed vegetables and candied fruits, and then boiled the jars in brine for two hours at 110-115 degrees Celsius. When Apper tried the canned food eight months later, the food was not only edible, but also delicious. For this invention, in 1809, he received from Napoleon the title "Benefactor of Humanity" and 12,000 francs, for which he opened the world's first canned food store "Various food in bottles and boxes" in the center of Paris.
but canned food it was necessary not only to cook properly, but also to be easily transported. The problem with the container was solved in 1810 by the English merchant Peter Durand. He developed tin cans with a sealed lid. Before receiving a patent for an invention, Durant tested it for strength. Having put canned soup, meat and milk in cans, he sent them for four months sailing on an English ship, and then ate them without harm to health.
From the middle of the 20s of the XIX century, French, English, and then American soldiers began to receive rations canned food... In Europe, meat and vegetables were canned, in America - tuna, lobster and fruits. True, neither the military, nor the sailors, nor the travelers liked canned food. For most of the century before last, you had to suffer before eating canned food in cans. The cans were too large in volume (some contained 13.5 kg of meat) and too heavy. In 1895, Norwegian polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen refused to take a load of canned food on an expedition to the North Pole, replacing them with a nutritious mixture of lard, honey, nut butter, chocolate and fish oil. Plus, opening banks wasn't easy. The can opener was not invented in America until 1860. And before that, forty years old cans were opened with a hammer and a chisel. Sometimes the entire British naval expedition was unable to uncork can of stewed pork.
In 1821 the magazine " Russian archive"Wrote:" Now we have reached such a degree of perfection that ready-made dinners from Roberts in Paris are sent to India in some kind of tinware of a new invention, where they are saved from damage. "
Open with a bayonet
In Russia at the beginning of the 19th century, about canned food although they knew, they were not trusted. Back in 1812, Russian soldiers, finding sealed bottles in French carts, assured that there was a "frog meat" inside. The only one who dared to try the trophy canned food was the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov. The rest either relied on the quartermasters who brought tons of flour to the front and drove the herds of bulls, or stocked up with breadcrumbs and dried soup with spices, which the scientist Mikhail Lomonosov described back in 1763 in an order for the polar expedition.
Need in canned food became acutely before the Russian army during the Crimean War. Due to bad roads, the quartermasters did not have time to deliver food to the troops in time, and the Russian soldiers ate bread crumbs and gruel from the meat of the cattle that were emaciated from starvation. To avoid further hunger in the army, Emperor Alexander II ordered to purchase a trial batch abroad canned food... Having tested them first on prisoners, then on students, the doctors recognized canned food as fit for food.
In 1870, entrepreneur Franz Aziber opened the first cannery in Russia in St. Petersburg. Unlike the Europeans, who rolled in banks mainly pork, the Russian manufacturer took beef as a basis, believing that this meat is most suitable for the soldiers' taste, and the treasury - for the price.
AT 1875 canned food was included in the soldier ration... And they were also laid down for state storage for the needs of the army. They were of several types: cabbage soup with meat and porridge, meat with peas, stew. But the most popular among the soldiers were cans of stewed meat, or simply stew. It was with her during the First World War that the tsarist government fed 14 million soldiers and! The meat, I must say, was excellent. For the manufacture of stew, they took beef, aged 48 hours after slaughter, thinly sliced, stewed for two hours, then laid out in jars along with lard, pepper and bay leaves and sterilized. One can contained a pound of stew - the daily meat requirement for the lower ranks. The label said how to use the contents correctly: open with a bayonet, reheat and eat directly from the can.
By the way, back in 1897, Russian engineer Evgeny Fedorov invented tin canself-heating. The jar had a double bottom that contained quicklime and water. One turn of the bottom - water and lime were in contact, and the jar was heated as a result of a chemical reaction. In 1915, manufacturers began to pack stewed meat in such jars and send it to the front in limited quantities. General Andrei Shkuro, who commanded a detachment of plastuns in the Caucasus in 1918, recalled that self-heated stew helped them out in the Turkish rear more than once - quickly, tasty, and most importantly, did not unmask them during sorties.
The stocks of stew made during the years were enough for the Civil War. Moreover, both the Red Army and the White Guards.
"Second front"
To the beginning Second World War The state reserve made significant stocks of stew for the needs of the army. However, most army warehouses The state reserves were located in the west of the country and therefore were captured by the Germans in the very first months of the Great Patriotic War. The remaining stocks of canned meat of the Red Army were enough until 1943. After 1943, Soviet soldiers were rescued by American stew, supplied to the USSR under Lend-Lease. The soldiers jokingly called her "Second Front" and cooked all kinds of food with her. One of the options was kulesh. Millet was thrown into boiling water, then potatoes, onions, stew and pepper were added. It turned out to be a cross between meat soup and porridge. They say that the cooks fed the tank crews with such kulesh in the early morning of July 5, 1943, before the Battle of the Kursk Bulge.
Addition:
Tea bomb
In years The first world soldiers of all the belligerent armies were supposed to have about 6-7 grams of tea a day. Russians, out of habit, received it by weight, but in the American army there was an innovation - portioned gauze bags of tea, which were brewed right in a mug. The Americans called them tea bombs. “Bombs” were invented by accident, 10 years before the war.
In 1904, New York grocer Thomas Sullivan, sending tea samples to his customers, decided to save money and packed tea not in tin boxes, as usual, but in small silk bags, hand-sewn. The clients, however, did not understand his ideas and began to brew tea directly in the bags. It turned out to be convenient and simple. Following Sullivan, other traders began to pack tea in bags, with one amendment - they replaced expensive silk with cheap gauze. Tea bags of modern design - made of filter paper - appeared in Germany in 1938.
Soy sausages
In 1915, almost all pigs in Germany were slaughtered - because they ate potatoes. The next year there was a potato crop failure. As a result, 750 thousand people died from malnutrition in the "rutabaga winter" of 1916. However, the Germans found an unexpected way out. Konrad Adenauer, former in The first world Mayor of Cologne, a city that especially suffered from hunger due to the British blockade, suggested cooking sausages and sausages not from meat, but from soy. The people of Cologne liked this idea.
However, when Adenauer decided to patent his recipe, the Reich Patent Office refused him - it turned out that the German sausage must be meat. The patent for soy sausages and sausages to Adenauer was issued by King George V of England. It happened on June 26, 1918. So until the end of the war, the Germans and the British ate the same sausages. They were called that - sausages of the world.
